Questões de Concurso Para exército

Após a leitura atenta do texto apresentado a seguir, responda às questões propostas.

Assiste à demolição

– Morou mais de vinte anos nesta casa? Então vai sentir “uma coisa” quando ela for demolida.

Começou a demolição. Passando pela rua, ele viu a casa já sem telhado, e operários, na poeira, removendo caibros. Aquele telhado que lhe dera tanto trabalho por causa das goteiras, tapadas aqui, reaparecendo ali. Seu quarto de dormir estava exposto ao céu, no calor da manhã. Ao fundo, no terraço, tinham desaparecido as colunas da pérgula, e a cobertura de ramos de buganvília – dois troncos subindo do pátio lá embaixo e enchendo de florinhas vermelhas o chão de ladrilho, onde gatos da vizinhança amavam fazer sesta e surpreender tico-ticos.

Passou nos dias seguintes e viu o progressivo desfazer-se das paredes, que escancarava a casa de frente e de flancos jogando-a por assim dizer na rua. Os marcos das portas apareciam emoldurando o vazio. O azul e as nuvens circulavam pelos cômodos, em composição surrealista. E o pequeno balcão da fachada, cercado de ar, parecia um mirante espacial, baixado ao nível dos míopes.

A demolição prosseguiu à noite, espontaneamente. Um lanço de parede desabou sozinho, para fora do tapume, quando já cessara na rua o movimento dos lotações. Caiu discreto, sem ferir ninguém, apenas avariando – desculpem – a rede telefônica.

A casa encolhera-se, em processo involutivo. Já agora de um só pavimento, sem teto, aspirava mesmo à desintegração. Chegou a vez da pequena sala de estar, da sala de jantar com seu lambri envernizado a preto, que ele passara meses raspando a poder de gilete, para recuperar a cor da madeira. E a vez do escritório, parte pensante e sentinte de seu mecanismo individual, do eu mais íntimo e simultaneamente mais público, eu de gavetas sigilosas, manuseadas por um profissional da escrita. De todo o tempo que vivera na casa, fora ali que passara o maior número de horas, sentado, meio corcunda, desligado de acontecimentos, ouvindo, sem escutar, rumores que chegavam de outro mundo – cantoria de bêbados, motor de avião, chorinho de bebê, galo na madrugada.

E não sentiu dor vendo esfarinharem-se esses compartimentos de sua história pessoal. Nem sequer a melancolia do desvanecimento das coisas físicas. Elas tinham durado, cumprido a tarefa. Chega o instante em que compreendemos a demolição como um resgate de formas cansadas, sentença de liberdade. Talvez sejamos levados a essa compreensão pelo trabalho similar, mais surdo, que se vai desenvolvendo em nós. E não é preciso imaginar a alegria de formas novas, mais claras, a surgirem constantemente de formas caducas, para aceitar de coração sereno o fim das coisas que se ligaram à nossa vida.

Fitou tranquilo o que tinha sido sua casa e era um amontoado de caliça e tijolo, a ser removido. Em breve restaria o lote, à espera de outra casa maior, sem sinal dele e dos seus, mas destinada a concentrar outras vivências. Uma ordem, um estatuto pairava sobre os destroços, e tudo era como devia ser, sem ilusão de permanência.

Fonte: ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. Cadeira de balanço. 12. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria José Olympio Editora, 1979.

Vocabulário

caibro s.m. elemento estrutural de um telhado, geralmente peças de madeira que se dispõem da cumeeira ao frechal, a intervalos regulares e paralelas umas às outras, em que se cruzam e assentam as ripas, frequentemente mais finas e compridas, e sobre as quais se apoiam e se encaixam as telhas

pérgula s. f. espécie de galeria coberta de barrotes espacejados assentados em pilares, geralmente guarnecida de trepadeiras

buganvília s.f. designação comum às plantas do gênero bougainvillea, trepadeira, muito cultivadas como ornamentais

de flanco s. m. pela lateral

marco s. m. parte fixa que guarnece o vão de portas e janelas, e onde as folhas destas se encaixam, prendendo-se por meio de dobradiças

tapume s. m. cerca ou vala guarnecida de sebe que defende uma área; anteparo, geralmente de madeira, com que se veda a entrada numa área, numa construção

lambri s. m. revestimento interno de parede, usado com fim decorativo ou para proteger contra frio, umidade ou barulho; feito de madeira, mármore, estuque, numa só peça ou composto por painéis, que vão até certa altura ou do chão ao teto (mais usado no plural)

caliça s.f. conjunto de resíduos de uma obra de alvenaria demolida ou em desmoronamento, formado por pó ou fragmentos dos materiais diversos do reboco (cal, argamassa ressequida) e de pedras, tijolos desfeitos

lote s. m. porção de terra autônoma que resulta de loteamento ou desmembramento; terreno de pequenas dimensões, urbano ou rural, que se destina a construções ou à pequena agricultura

Fonte: HOUAISS, A. e Villar, M. de S. Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa. Elaborado no Instituto Antônio Houaiss de Lexicografia e Banco de Dados da Língua Portuguesa. Rio de Janeiro. Objetiva, 2009.

Após a leitura atenta do texto apresentado a seguir, responda às questões propostas.

Assiste à demolição

– Morou mais de vinte anos nesta casa? Então vai sentir “uma coisa” quando ela for demolida.

Começou a demolição. Passando pela rua, ele viu a casa já sem telhado, e operários, na poeira, removendo caibros. Aquele telhado que lhe dera tanto trabalho por causa das goteiras, tapadas aqui, reaparecendo ali. Seu quarto de dormir estava exposto ao céu, no calor da manhã. Ao fundo, no terraço, tinham desaparecido as colunas da pérgula, e a cobertura de ramos de buganvília – dois troncos subindo do pátio lá embaixo e enchendo de florinhas vermelhas o chão de ladrilho, onde gatos da vizinhança amavam fazer sesta e surpreender tico-ticos.

Passou nos dias seguintes e viu o progressivo desfazer-se das paredes, que escancarava a casa de frente e de flancos jogando-a por assim dizer na rua. Os marcos das portas apareciam emoldurando o vazio. O azul e as nuvens circulavam pelos cômodos, em composição surrealista. E o pequeno balcão da fachada, cercado de ar, parecia um mirante espacial, baixado ao nível dos míopes.

A demolição prosseguiu à noite, espontaneamente. Um lanço de parede desabou sozinho, para fora do tapume, quando já cessara na rua o movimento dos lotações. Caiu discreto, sem ferir ninguém, apenas avariando – desculpem – a rede telefônica.

A casa encolhera-se, em processo involutivo. Já agora de um só pavimento, sem teto, aspirava mesmo à desintegração. Chegou a vez da pequena sala de estar, da sala de jantar com seu lambri envernizado a preto, que ele passara meses raspando a poder de gilete, para recuperar a cor da madeira. E a vez do escritório, parte pensante e sentinte de seu mecanismo individual, do eu mais íntimo e simultaneamente mais público, eu de gavetas sigilosas, manuseadas por um profissional da escrita. De todo o tempo que vivera na casa, fora ali que passara o maior número de horas, sentado, meio corcunda, desligado de acontecimentos, ouvindo, sem escutar, rumores que chegavam de outro mundo – cantoria de bêbados, motor de avião, chorinho de bebê, galo na madrugada.

E não sentiu dor vendo esfarinharem-se esses compartimentos de sua história pessoal. Nem sequer a melancolia do desvanecimento das coisas físicas. Elas tinham durado, cumprido a tarefa. Chega o instante em que compreendemos a demolição como um resgate de formas cansadas, sentença de liberdade. Talvez sejamos levados a essa compreensão pelo trabalho similar, mais surdo, que se vai desenvolvendo em nós. E não é preciso imaginar a alegria de formas novas, mais claras, a surgirem constantemente de formas caducas, para aceitar de coração sereno o fim das coisas que se ligaram à nossa vida.

Fitou tranquilo o que tinha sido sua casa e era um amontoado de caliça e tijolo, a ser removido. Em breve restaria o lote, à espera de outra casa maior, sem sinal dele e dos seus, mas destinada a concentrar outras vivências. Uma ordem, um estatuto pairava sobre os destroços, e tudo era como devia ser, sem ilusão de permanência.

Fonte: ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. Cadeira de balanço. 12. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria José Olympio Editora, 1979.

Vocabulário

caibro s.m. elemento estrutural de um telhado, geralmente peças de madeira que se dispõem da cumeeira ao frechal, a intervalos regulares e paralelas umas às outras, em que se cruzam e assentam as ripas, frequentemente mais finas e compridas, e sobre as quais se apoiam e se encaixam as telhas

pérgula s. f. espécie de galeria coberta de barrotes espacejados assentados em pilares, geralmente guarnecida de trepadeiras

buganvília s.f. designação comum às plantas do gênero bougainvillea, trepadeira, muito cultivadas como ornamentais

de flanco s. m. pela lateral

marco s. m. parte fixa que guarnece o vão de portas e janelas, e onde as folhas destas se encaixam, prendendo-se por meio de dobradiças

tapume s. m. cerca ou vala guarnecida de sebe que defende uma área; anteparo, geralmente de madeira, com que se veda a entrada numa área, numa construção

lambri s. m. revestimento interno de parede, usado com fim decorativo ou para proteger contra frio, umidade ou barulho; feito de madeira, mármore, estuque, numa só peça ou composto por painéis, que vão até certa altura ou do chão ao teto (mais usado no plural)

caliça s.f. conjunto de resíduos de uma obra de alvenaria demolida ou em desmoronamento, formado por pó ou fragmentos dos materiais diversos do reboco (cal, argamassa ressequida) e de pedras, tijolos desfeitos

lote s. m. porção de terra autônoma que resulta de loteamento ou desmembramento; terreno de pequenas dimensões, urbano ou rural, que se destina a construções ou à pequena agricultura

Fonte: HOUAISS, A. e Villar, M. de S. Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa. Elaborado no Instituto Antônio Houaiss de Lexicografia e Banco de Dados da Língua Portuguesa. Rio de Janeiro. Objetiva, 2009.

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.

Social Media: a Gold Mine for Scammers in 2021

Social media permeates the lives of many people – we use it to (1)______ in touch, (2)______ new friends, shop, and (3)______ fun. But reports to the FTC (Federal Trade Comission) show that social media is also increasingly where scammers go to trick us. More than one in four people who reported losing money to fraud in 2021 said it started on social media with an ad, a post, or a message. More than 95,000 people reported about $770 million in losses to fraud initiated on social media platforms in 2021.

For scammers, there’s a lot to like about social media. It’s a low-cost way to reach billions of people from anywhere in the world. It’s easy to manufacture a fake persona, or scammers can hack into an existing profile to get “friends” to trick. There’s the ability to study the personal details people share on social media and target people with false ads based on details such as their age, interests, or past purchases.

Reports make clear that social media is a tool for scammers in investment scams, particularly cryptocurrency investments. After investment scams, FTC data point to romance scams as the second most profitable fraud on social media. Losses to romance scams have climbed to record highs in recent years. While investment and romance scams top the list on dollars lost, the largest number of reports came from people who said they were scammed trying to buy something they saw marketed on social media. Some reports even described ads that impersonated real online retailers that drove people to lookalike websites.

There are many other frauds on social media and new ones are popping up all the time. To minimize your risk, decline friend requests from people you don’t know, limit who can see your posts and personal information, be thoughtful about what you share online, and take care with suspect links.

Adapted from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/data-spotlight/2022/01/social-media-gold-mine-scammers-2021.

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.

Social Media: a Gold Mine for Scammers in 2021

Social media permeates the lives of many people – we use it to (1)______ in touch, (2)______ new friends, shop, and (3)______ fun. But reports to the FTC (Federal Trade Comission) show that social media is also increasingly where scammers go to trick us. More than one in four people who reported losing money to fraud in 2021 said it started on social media with an ad, a post, or a message. More than 95,000 people reported about $770 million in losses to fraud initiated on social media platforms in 2021.

For scammers, there’s a lot to like about social media. It’s a low-cost way to reach billions of people from anywhere in the world. It’s easy to manufacture a fake persona, or scammers can hack into an existing profile to get “friends” to trick. There’s the ability to study the personal details people share on social media and target people with false ads based on details such as their age, interests, or past purchases.

Reports make clear that social media is a tool for scammers in investment scams, particularly cryptocurrency investments. After investment scams, FTC data point to romance scams as the second most profitable fraud on social media. Losses to romance scams have climbed to record highs in recent years. While investment and romance scams top the list on dollars lost, the largest number of reports came from people who said they were scammed trying to buy something they saw marketed on social media. Some reports even described ads that impersonated real online retailers that drove people to lookalike websites.

There are many other frauds on social media and new ones are popping up all the time. To minimize your risk, decline friend requests from people you don’t know, limit who can see your posts and personal information, be thoughtful about what you share online, and take care with suspect links.

Adapted from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/data-spotlight/2022/01/social-media-gold-mine-scammers-2021.

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.

Romance and Reality

Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality.

Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year, every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature, reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their toughest hurdles.

Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter?

Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry, history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives, competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but how to think.

Adapted from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and+reality.

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.

Romance and Reality

Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality.

Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year, every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature, reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their toughest hurdles.

Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter?

Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry, history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives, competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but how to think.

Adapted from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and+reality.

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.

Cornelius Ryan, the Irish D-Day Reporter Who Re-Invented Journalism

The father of modern literary journalism is Cornelius Ryan, whose massive “I was there” coverage of D-Day and its aftermath led to two incredible books and movies, The Longest Day and A Bridge Too Far. He was an unlikely war correspondent.

Ryan was on a boat that ditched on Normandy Beach on June 6, 1944. He followed the Allied invasion attached to General Patton’s army. Years later he put together perhaps the best book about war ever written. It was exquisite writing and research, and as Michael Shapiro wrote in the Columbia Journalism Review in 2010, “it broke completely new ground”.

Shapiro wrote, “The book (The Longest Day) was a triumph, earning rave reviews and sales that, within a few years, would stretch into the tens of millions in eighteen different languages. I opened the book on the eve of a long weekend. I was hooked after a single page. Something was taking place in the telling of this story that transcended journalism.”

The book was written when Ryan placed an ad in several newspapers in 1957 which went, “June 6th, 1944: Were You There?” One thousand, one hundred, and fifty people wrote back. And of that group, he interviewed 172 alone or with his assistants. Out of that came a book that puts you at the heart of the greatest invasion of all time. You are there as the invasion forces first gain the beaches and the Germans, taken by surprise, fight back furiously.

Ryan died at just 54 from prostate cancer. On his gravestone in Connecticut is his name and one word: “Reporter.” No one has earned that title more. He deserves to be remembered.

Adapted from https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/cornelius-ryan-irish-dday-reporter.

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.

Cornelius Ryan, the Irish D-Day Reporter Who Re-Invented Journalism

The father of modern literary journalism is Cornelius Ryan, whose massive “I was there” coverage of D-Day and its aftermath led to two incredible books and movies, The Longest Day and A Bridge Too Far. He was an unlikely war correspondent.

Ryan was on a boat that ditched on Normandy Beach on June 6, 1944. He followed the Allied invasion attached to General Patton’s army. Years later he put together perhaps the best book about war ever written. It was exquisite writing and research, and as Michael Shapiro wrote in the Columbia Journalism Review in 2010, “it broke completely new ground”.

Shapiro wrote, “The book (The Longest Day) was a triumph, earning rave reviews and sales that, within a few years, would stretch into the tens of millions in eighteen different languages. I opened the book on the eve of a long weekend. I was hooked after a single page. Something was taking place in the telling of this story that transcended journalism.”

The book was written when Ryan placed an ad in several newspapers in 1957 which went, “June 6th, 1944: Were You There?” One thousand, one hundred, and fifty people wrote back. And of that group, he interviewed 172 alone or with his assistants. Out of that came a book that puts you at the heart of the greatest invasion of all time. You are there as the invasion forces first gain the beaches and the Germans, taken by surprise, fight back furiously.

Ryan died at just 54 from prostate cancer. On his gravestone in Connecticut is his name and one word: “Reporter.” No one has earned that title more. He deserves to be remembered.

Adapted from https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/cornelius-ryan-irish-dday-reporter.

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.

(Título omitido propositadamente)

Often when mentoring, in a one-to-one session, it will be clear that the mentee’s worst critic is the one they see very regularly – daily, in fact. Often when they are tired and stressed. Often when they are at a low point. It’s the one they look (1)________ the mirror.

I mean most of the time, the worst critic lives inside people’s head. It might be the criticism that you heard at school or college. It might be the voice of so-called friends. It might be a parent or guardian, sibling or perfect cousin. You can’t always shut those voices up. No matter how much you want to. You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract them.

If you can have an internal critic, you can also have an internal cheerleader. One technique is to give yourself advice that you would give your best friend in that situation. If you’re worrying about not being good (2)________ something, what would you say to your best friend in that state? You’d probably tell them that it would be alright, they’ll sail through it, that you believe (3)________ them. If you can do it for your best friend, you can do it for yourself.

Adapted from https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article.

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.

(Título omitido propositadamente)

Often when mentoring, in a one-to-one session, it will be clear that the mentee’s worst critic is the one they see very regularly – daily, in fact. Often when they are tired and stressed. Often when they are at a low point. It’s the one they look (1)________ the mirror.

I mean most of the time, the worst critic lives inside people’s head. It might be the criticism that you heard at school or college. It might be the voice of so-called friends. It might be a parent or guardian, sibling or perfect cousin. You can’t always shut those voices up. No matter how much you want to. You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract them.

If you can have an internal critic, you can also have an internal cheerleader. One technique is to give yourself advice that you would give your best friend in that situation. If you’re worrying about not being good (2)________ something, what would you say to your best friend in that state? You’d probably tell them that it would be alright, they’ll sail through it, that you believe (3)________ them. If you can do it for your best friend, you can do it for yourself.

Adapted from https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article.