Questões de Concurso
Sobre plural dos substantivos | plural of nouns em inglês
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Text
Reading skill will help you to improve your understanding of the language and build your vocabulary.
Read the text below carefully.
Social media, magazines and shop windows bombard people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes and shoes than ever before. Online shopping means it is easy for customers to buy without thinking, while major brands offer such cheap clothes that they can be treated like disposable items – worn two or three times and then thrown away
In Britain, the average person spends more than £1,000 on new clothes a year, which is around four per cent of their income. That might not sound like much, but that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment. First, a lot of that consumer spending is via credit cards. British people currently owe approximately £670 per adult to credit card companies. That’s 66 per cent of the average wardrobe budget. Also, not only are people spending money they don’t have, they’re using it to buy things they don’t need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill sites.
People might not realize they are part of the disposable clothing problem because they donate their unwanted clothes to charities. But charity shops can’t sell all those unwanted clothes. Fast fashion goes out of fashion as quickly as it came in and is often too poor quality to recycle; people don’t want to buy it second-hand. Huge quantities end up being thrown away, and a lot of clothes that charities can’t sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.
However, a different trend is springing up in opposition to consumerism – the ‘buy nothing’ trend. The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US, where it became a rejection of the overspending and overconsumption of Black Friday and Cyber Monday during Thanksgiving weekend. On Buy Nothing Day people organize various types of protests and cut up their credit cards. Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organize the exchange and repair of items they already own.
The trend has now reached influencers on social media who usually share posts of clothing and make- -up that they recommend for people to buy. Some YouTube stars now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all for periods as long as a year. Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example haircuts, eating out at restaurants or buying petrol for their cars. In one year, they’d saved $55,000.
The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved. If everyone followed a similar plan, the results would be impressive. But even if you can’t manage a full year without going shopping, you can participate in the anti-consumerist movement by refusing to buy things you don’t need. Buy Nothing groups send a clear message to companies that people are no longer willing to accept the environmental and human cost of overconsumption.
source: learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
Read the sentences below and determine whether they are true ( T ) or false ( F ), according to structure and grammar use.
( ) The verbs worn and thrown (1st paragraph of the text) has its infinitive form as wear and throw.
( ) The underlined words in the text: nothing, anything and, everyone are examples of relative pronouns.
( ) The singular form of the following words from the text clothes and goods are, respectively cloth and good.
( ) The following sentence from the text: “Fast fashion goes out of fashion as quickly as it came in …” (3rd paragraph of the text). The words in bold are being used to compare things that are equal in some way.
( ) The negative form of the sentence “In one year, they’d saved $55,000.” (5th paragraph of the text), is “In one year, they hadn’t saved $55,000.”
Select the option that presents the correct sequence from top to bottom.
Text I
The BNCC and Twenty-First Century Skills
The most ambitious feature of the BNCC, which only appeared in the document’s third version, was to establish ten core competencies that all students should develop throughout basic education, starting in early childhood. These competencies include lifelong learning, critical thinking, aesthetic sensibilities, communication skills, digital literacy, entrepreneurship, self-care, empathy, citizenship and ethics. The core competencies broaden the goals of basic education well-beyond academic skills to twenty-first century skills widely regarded as essential to preparing the next generations for the challenges of the 4th industrial revolution.
As ambitious as it was, the BNCC was criticized for the lack of explicit links between the ten core competencies and the subject specific competencies and skills, leaving cities and states with the responsibility of making these links themselves. In addition to this, the core competencies are not generally integrated into teacher training programs and are often de-prioritized for the more basic literacy and numeracy needs. In this context, the Ministry of Education and its partners in the third sector have developed orientations, produced videos and online courses aimed at filling this gap, and helped cities and states integrate the ten core competencies in their curricula.
[…]
Ensuring all Brazilian students master the ten core competencies laid out by the BNCC by the end of high school is a long-term, extremely ambitious goal. Before we can set a timeframe for when we will be able to achieve this feat, we need to know where we stand. Due to the core competencies’ complexity, each involves several skills, attitudes and sometimes values, it is unclear whether we will be capable of measuring all ten of them and by when. Until then we are in the company of the OECD, which is already tackling this challenge and will likely pave the way for Brazil in this respect
Note: BNCC: Base Nacional Comum Curricular;
OECD: The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Adapted from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-41882-3_2
( ) Similar kinds of analyses can diagnose two other forms of complexity. (Times, Sunday Times, 2009). ( ) The sanctuary needed more humdrum fowl, more farmyard ducks and geese. (Ballard, J. G. Rushing to Paradise, 2002). ( ) The animals closely resemble wolfes, howl, and are more likely to be aggressive. (Times, Sunday Times, 2012). ( ) The iris of their eyes have an unusual lacy appearance. (Wills, C. The Runaway Brain: the Evolution of Human Uniqueness, 1993). ( ) Your older brother has been thrown in jail for his political beliefs. (Times, Sunday Times, 2007).
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA.
Elephant Calf Separated From Herd in India is Reunited With Its Mother
(Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/03/elephant-calf-separated-from-herd-in-india-isreunited-with-mother – text especially adapted for this test).
Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
He donated blood and saved the lives of 2.4 million babies
01 Most people get a gold watch when they retire. James Harrison deserves so much more than
02 that. Known as the “Man With the Golden Arm,” Harrison has donated blood nearly every week
03 for 60 years, and after all those donations, the 81-year-old Australian man “retired” Friday.
04 According to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, he has helped save the lives of more than
05 2.4 million Australian babies because his blood has unique, disease-fighting antibodies.
06 Harrison’s antibodies have been used to develop an injection called Anti-D, which helps
07 fight against rhesus disease. This disease is a condition where a pregnant woman has rhesus-
08 negative blood (RhD negative) and the baby in her womb has rhesus-positive blood (RhD
09 positive), inherited from its father. If the mother has been sensitized to rhesus-positive blood,
10 usually during a previous pregnancy with a rhesus-positive baby, she may produce antibodies
11 that destroy the baby’s “foreign” blood cells. In the worst cases, it can result in brain damage,
12 or death, for the babies.
13 Harrison’s remarkable gift of giving started when he had major chest surgery when he was
14 just 14. Blood donations saved his life, so he pledged to become a blood donor. A few years
15 later, doctors discovered his blood contained the antibody which could be used to create Anti-D
16 injections, so he switched over to making blood plasma donations to help as many people as
17 possible. Doctors aren’t exactly sure why Harrison has this rare blood type, but they think it
18 might be from the transfusions he received when he was 14, after his surgery. He’s one of no
19 more than 50 people in Australia known to have the antibodies, according to the blood service.
20 “In Australia, up until about 1967, there were literally thousands of babies dying each year,
21 doctors didn’t know why, and it was awful.” Jemma Falkenmire, of the Australian Red Cross
22 Blood Service, told CNN. “Australia was one of the first countries to discover a blood donor with
23 this antibody, so it was quite revolutionary at the time.”
24 The blood service estimates Harrison saved more than two million lives, and for that, he is
25 considered a national hero in Australia. He’s won numerous awards for his generosity, including
26 the Medal of the Order of Australia, one of the country’s most prestigious honors. Now that
27 Harrison has given his last blood donation (in Australia you can’t donate blood past the age of
28 81), Falkenmire and others hope people with similar antibodies in their blood will step up and
29 donate.
(Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/11/health/james-harrison-blood-donor-retires-trnd/index.html – text especially adapted for this test).
The plural forms of countable nouns usually follow specific spelling rules. Which of the words below would follow the same rule as “babies”?
(Disponible in: https://www.quora.com)
Having the image’s clues as references, apostrophe use meets a compatible description in:
I. In: "My favorite heroes are Superman and Batman.", the plural is correct, since "es" can be added to nouns that end in "o".
II. In: "People with a higher metabolic rate tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes", the plural is correct, since "es" can be added to nouns that end in "o".
III. In: "They left some memoes behind in the office for you", the plural is correct, since "es" can be added to nouns that end in "o".
Choose the CORRECT answer:
Based on the preceding text, judge the item that follow.
The passenger who sued the airline company because of an incident that happened during his flight is Colombian.
In terms of English grammar, identify the nouns in the plural form in this excerpt.
Julgue o item que se segue.
The plural form of the compound noun in the sentence
“I’ve got one brother-in-law and two sisters-in-laws” is
correct.
Julgue o item que se segue.
The plural forms of wolf, louse, tooth, and sheep are
wolves, lice, teeth, and sheep.
I. child > children
II. country > countries
III. sheep > sheep
IV. day > days
V. stereo > stereos
Which combination of words below follow the same rules, in the same order?
Julgue o item subsequente.
Grammatical number distinguishes between singular and
plural forms of nouns, affecting both their morphology
and associated verbs. A nuanced understanding of
number agreement is essential for constructing
grammatically correct sentences, ensuring coherence and
precision in English communication.
Julgue o item subsequente.
Nouns, as essential components of language, categorize
and name entities, encompassing both tangible and
abstract concepts. The proper understanding of noun
classifications—common, proper, concrete,
abstract—facilitates precise and effective communication,
as nouns serve as the foundation for constructing
meaningful sentences.
Julgue o item subsequente.
Collective nouns, like “team” or “family,” present a
challenge in determining whether to treat them as
singular or plural. The context and intended emphasis
guide the decision, reflecting the collective unit's unity or
the individuality of its members. Mastery of collective
noun usage refines language precision and clarity.
Julgue o item subsequente.
Irregular plural forms, such as “children” and “geese,”
deviate from standard rules for creating plurals in English.
Recognizing these irregularities is crucial for accurate
usage, as these unique forms contribute to the richness
and diversity of the language. Mastery of irregular plurals
enhances language proficiency and writing skills.
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