Questões de Inglês para Concurso

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      Today our supposedly revolutionary advancements in artificial intelligence are indeed cause for both concern and optimism. OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Bard and Microsoft’s Sydney are marvels of machine learning. Roughly speaking, they take huge amounts of data, search for patterns in it and become increasingly proficient at generating statistically probable outputs – such as seemingly humanlike language and thought. These programs have been hailed as the first glimmers on the horizon of artificial general intelligence – that long-prophesied moment when mechanical minds surpass human brains not only quantitatively in terms of processing speed and memory size but also qualitatively in terms of intellectual insight, artistic creativity besides every other distinctively human faculty. Whereas that day may come, one should be allowed its dawn is not yet breaking, contrary to what can be read in hyperbolic headlines and reckoned by injudicious investments. The human mind is a surprisingly efficient system that operates with small amounts of information. Of course, any human-style explanation is not necessarily correct; we are fallible. Hence this is part of what it means to think: to be right, it must be possible to be wrong.
(Available: The New York Times- March 8, 2023. Opinion-Guest essay. Adapted.)

The highlighted linking words respectively introduce:

Language allows us to communicate a seemingly infinite array of ideas, emotions, and experiences. At the heart of this linguistic complexity lies polysemy, a semantic phenomenon through which meanings of words extend or shift so that a single word has two or more related meanings. The word catering to the previous characterization is:

Having analysed visual-verbal and verbal hints, and knowing that the vocabulary displayed has long been added to dictionaries and consecrated especially by American users, choose the option offering compliant content.

The branch of linguistics and logic dealing with meaning is semantics. It has a number of subbranches including formal semantics, lexical semantics, and conceptual semantics. Concerning the words listed below, we can state that:

Intonation describes how the voice rises and falls in speech, it is about how we say things, rather than what we say. The three main patterns of intonation in English are: falling intonation, rising intonation and fall-rise intonation. About falling intonation, it is true we use it: