Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês
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REPORT: BIOFUELS POISED TO DISPLACE OIL
Biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel can
significantly reduce global dependence on oil, according
to a new report by the Worldwatch Institute.
Last year, world biofuel production surpassed 670,000
5 barrels per day, the equivalent of about 1 percent of the
global transport fuel market. Although oil still accounts for
more than 96 percent of transport fuel use, biofuel
production has doubled since 2001 and is poised for even
stronger growth as the industry responds to higher fuel
10 prices and supportive government policies. “Coordinated
action to expand biofuel markets and advance new
technologies could relieve pressure on oil prices while
strengthening agricultural economies and reducing climatealtering
emissions,” says Worldwatch Institute President
15 Christopher Flavin.
Brazil is the world’s biofuel leader, with half of its
sugar cane crop providing more than 40 percent of its nondiesel
transport fuel. In the United States, where 15 percent
of the corn crop provides about 2 percent of the non-diesel
20 transport fuel, ethanol production is growing even more
rapidly. This surging growth may allow the U.S. to overtake
Brazil as the world’s biofuel leader this year. Both countries
are now estimated to be producing ethanol at less than
the current cost of gasoline.
25 Figures cited in the report reveal that biofuels could
provide 37 percent of U.S. transport fuel within the next 25
years, and up to 75 percent if automobile fuel economy
doubles. Biofuels could replace 20–30 percent of the oil
used in European Union countries during the same time
30 frame.
As the first-ever global assessment of the potential
social and environmental impacts of biofuels, Biofuels for
Transportation warns that the large-scale use of biofuels
carries significant agricultural and ecological risks. “It is
35 essential that government incentives be used to minimize
competition between food and fuel crops and to discourage
expansion onto ecologically valuable lands,” says
Worldwatch Biofuels Project Manager Suzanne Hunt.
However, the report also finds that biofuels have the potential
40 to increase energy security, create new economic
opportunities in rural areas, and reduce local pollution and
emissions of greenhouse gases.
The long-term potential of biofuels is in the use of
non-food feedstock that include agricultural, municipal, and
45 forestry wastes as well as fast-growing, cellulose-rich
energy crops such as switchgrass. It is expected that the
combination of cellulosic biomass resources and “nextgeneration”
biofuel conversion technologies will compete
with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel without subsidies
50 in the medium term.
The report recommends policies to accelerate the
development of biofuels, while maximizing the benefits and
minimizing the risks. Recommendations include:
strengthening the market (i.e. focusing on market
55 development, infrastructure development, and the building
of transportation fleets that are able to use the new fuels),
speeding the transition to next-generation
technologies allowing for dramatically increased
production at lower cost, and facilitating sustainable
60 international biofuel trade, developing a true
international market unimpeded by the trade restrictions
in place today.
Worldwatch Institute - June 7, 2006.
Adapted from: http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4079
Some of the benefits of the increase in biofuel production listed by the author are:
REPORT: BIOFUELS POISED TO DISPLACE OIL
Biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel can
significantly reduce global dependence on oil, according
to a new report by the Worldwatch Institute.
Last year, world biofuel production surpassed 670,000
5 barrels per day, the equivalent of about 1 percent of the
global transport fuel market. Although oil still accounts for
more than 96 percent of transport fuel use, biofuel
production has doubled since 2001 and is poised for even
stronger growth as the industry responds to higher fuel
10 prices and supportive government policies. “Coordinated
action to expand biofuel markets and advance new
technologies could relieve pressure on oil prices while
strengthening agricultural economies and reducing climatealtering
emissions,” says Worldwatch Institute President
15 Christopher Flavin.
Brazil is the world’s biofuel leader, with half of its
sugar cane crop providing more than 40 percent of its nondiesel
transport fuel. In the United States, where 15 percent
of the corn crop provides about 2 percent of the non-diesel
20 transport fuel, ethanol production is growing even more
rapidly. This surging growth may allow the U.S. to overtake
Brazil as the world’s biofuel leader this year. Both countries
are now estimated to be producing ethanol at less than
the current cost of gasoline.
25 Figures cited in the report reveal that biofuels could
provide 37 percent of U.S. transport fuel within the next 25
years, and up to 75 percent if automobile fuel economy
doubles. Biofuels could replace 20–30 percent of the oil
used in European Union countries during the same time
30 frame.
As the first-ever global assessment of the potential
social and environmental impacts of biofuels, Biofuels for
Transportation warns that the large-scale use of biofuels
carries significant agricultural and ecological risks. “It is
35 essential that government incentives be used to minimize
competition between food and fuel crops and to discourage
expansion onto ecologically valuable lands,” says
Worldwatch Biofuels Project Manager Suzanne Hunt.
However, the report also finds that biofuels have the potential
40 to increase energy security, create new economic
opportunities in rural areas, and reduce local pollution and
emissions of greenhouse gases.
The long-term potential of biofuels is in the use of
non-food feedstock that include agricultural, municipal, and
45 forestry wastes as well as fast-growing, cellulose-rich
energy crops such as switchgrass. It is expected that the
combination of cellulosic biomass resources and “nextgeneration”
biofuel conversion technologies will compete
with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel without subsidies
50 in the medium term.
The report recommends policies to accelerate the
development of biofuels, while maximizing the benefits and
minimizing the risks. Recommendations include:
strengthening the market (i.e. focusing on market
55 development, infrastructure development, and the building
of transportation fleets that are able to use the new fuels),
speeding the transition to next-generation
technologies allowing for dramatically increased
production at lower cost, and facilitating sustainable
60 international biofuel trade, developing a true
international market unimpeded by the trade restrictions
in place today.
Worldwatch Institute - June 7, 2006.
Adapted from: http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4079
"This surging growth..." (line 21) refers to:
REPORT: BIOFUELS POISED TO DISPLACE OIL
Biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel can
significantly reduce global dependence on oil, according
to a new report by the Worldwatch Institute.
Last year, world biofuel production surpassed 670,000
5 barrels per day, the equivalent of about 1 percent of the
global transport fuel market. Although oil still accounts for
more than 96 percent of transport fuel use, biofuel
production has doubled since 2001 and is poised for even
stronger growth as the industry responds to higher fuel
10 prices and supportive government policies. “Coordinated
action to expand biofuel markets and advance new
technologies could relieve pressure on oil prices while
strengthening agricultural economies and reducing climatealtering
emissions,” says Worldwatch Institute President
15 Christopher Flavin.
Brazil is the world’s biofuel leader, with half of its
sugar cane crop providing more than 40 percent of its nondiesel
transport fuel. In the United States, where 15 percent
of the corn crop provides about 2 percent of the non-diesel
20 transport fuel, ethanol production is growing even more
rapidly. This surging growth may allow the U.S. to overtake
Brazil as the world’s biofuel leader this year. Both countries
are now estimated to be producing ethanol at less than
the current cost of gasoline.
25 Figures cited in the report reveal that biofuels could
provide 37 percent of U.S. transport fuel within the next 25
years, and up to 75 percent if automobile fuel economy
doubles. Biofuels could replace 20–30 percent of the oil
used in European Union countries during the same time
30 frame.
As the first-ever global assessment of the potential
social and environmental impacts of biofuels, Biofuels for
Transportation warns that the large-scale use of biofuels
carries significant agricultural and ecological risks. “It is
35 essential that government incentives be used to minimize
competition between food and fuel crops and to discourage
expansion onto ecologically valuable lands,” says
Worldwatch Biofuels Project Manager Suzanne Hunt.
However, the report also finds that biofuels have the potential
40 to increase energy security, create new economic
opportunities in rural areas, and reduce local pollution and
emissions of greenhouse gases.
The long-term potential of biofuels is in the use of
non-food feedstock that include agricultural, municipal, and
45 forestry wastes as well as fast-growing, cellulose-rich
energy crops such as switchgrass. It is expected that the
combination of cellulosic biomass resources and “nextgeneration”
biofuel conversion technologies will compete
with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel without subsidies
50 in the medium term.
The report recommends policies to accelerate the
development of biofuels, while maximizing the benefits and
minimizing the risks. Recommendations include:
strengthening the market (i.e. focusing on market
55 development, infrastructure development, and the building
of transportation fleets that are able to use the new fuels),
speeding the transition to next-generation
technologies allowing for dramatically increased
production at lower cost, and facilitating sustainable
60 international biofuel trade, developing a true
international market unimpeded by the trade restrictions
in place today.
Worldwatch Institute - June 7, 2006.
Adapted from: http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4079
According to the text, Brazil:
REPORT: BIOFUELS POISED TO DISPLACE OIL
Biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel can
significantly reduce global dependence on oil, according
to a new report by the Worldwatch Institute.
Last year, world biofuel production surpassed 670,000
5 barrels per day, the equivalent of about 1 percent of the
global transport fuel market. Although oil still accounts for
more than 96 percent of transport fuel use, biofuel
production has doubled since 2001 and is poised for even
stronger growth as the industry responds to higher fuel
10 prices and supportive government policies. “Coordinated
action to expand biofuel markets and advance new
technologies could relieve pressure on oil prices while
strengthening agricultural economies and reducing climatealtering
emissions,” says Worldwatch Institute President
15 Christopher Flavin.
Brazil is the world’s biofuel leader, with half of its
sugar cane crop providing more than 40 percent of its nondiesel
transport fuel. In the United States, where 15 percent
of the corn crop provides about 2 percent of the non-diesel
20 transport fuel, ethanol production is growing even more
rapidly. This surging growth may allow the U.S. to overtake
Brazil as the world’s biofuel leader this year. Both countries
are now estimated to be producing ethanol at less than
the current cost of gasoline.
25 Figures cited in the report reveal that biofuels could
provide 37 percent of U.S. transport fuel within the next 25
years, and up to 75 percent if automobile fuel economy
doubles. Biofuels could replace 20–30 percent of the oil
used in European Union countries during the same time
30 frame.
As the first-ever global assessment of the potential
social and environmental impacts of biofuels, Biofuels for
Transportation warns that the large-scale use of biofuels
carries significant agricultural and ecological risks. “It is
35 essential that government incentives be used to minimize
competition between food and fuel crops and to discourage
expansion onto ecologically valuable lands,” says
Worldwatch Biofuels Project Manager Suzanne Hunt.
However, the report also finds that biofuels have the potential
40 to increase energy security, create new economic
opportunities in rural areas, and reduce local pollution and
emissions of greenhouse gases.
The long-term potential of biofuels is in the use of
non-food feedstock that include agricultural, municipal, and
45 forestry wastes as well as fast-growing, cellulose-rich
energy crops such as switchgrass. It is expected that the
combination of cellulosic biomass resources and “nextgeneration”
biofuel conversion technologies will compete
with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel without subsidies
50 in the medium term.
The report recommends policies to accelerate the
development of biofuels, while maximizing the benefits and
minimizing the risks. Recommendations include:
strengthening the market (i.e. focusing on market
55 development, infrastructure development, and the building
of transportation fleets that are able to use the new fuels),
speeding the transition to next-generation
technologies allowing for dramatically increased
production at lower cost, and facilitating sustainable
60 international biofuel trade, developing a true
international market unimpeded by the trade restrictions
in place today.
Worldwatch Institute - June 7, 2006.
Adapted from: http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4079
Based on what Christopher Flavin, President of the Worldwatch Institute, has said, it is possible to state that:
REPORT: BIOFUELS POISED TO DISPLACE OIL
Biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel can
significantly reduce global dependence on oil, according
to a new report by the Worldwatch Institute.
Last year, world biofuel production surpassed 670,000
5 barrels per day, the equivalent of about 1 percent of the
global transport fuel market. Although oil still accounts for
more than 96 percent of transport fuel use, biofuel
production has doubled since 2001 and is poised for even
stronger growth as the industry responds to higher fuel
10 prices and supportive government policies. “Coordinated
action to expand biofuel markets and advance new
technologies could relieve pressure on oil prices while
strengthening agricultural economies and reducing climatealtering
emissions,” says Worldwatch Institute President
15 Christopher Flavin.
Brazil is the world’s biofuel leader, with half of its
sugar cane crop providing more than 40 percent of its nondiesel
transport fuel. In the United States, where 15 percent
of the corn crop provides about 2 percent of the non-diesel
20 transport fuel, ethanol production is growing even more
rapidly. This surging growth may allow the U.S. to overtake
Brazil as the world’s biofuel leader this year. Both countries
are now estimated to be producing ethanol at less than
the current cost of gasoline.
25 Figures cited in the report reveal that biofuels could
provide 37 percent of U.S. transport fuel within the next 25
years, and up to 75 percent if automobile fuel economy
doubles. Biofuels could replace 20–30 percent of the oil
used in European Union countries during the same time
30 frame.
As the first-ever global assessment of the potential
social and environmental impacts of biofuels, Biofuels for
Transportation warns that the large-scale use of biofuels
carries significant agricultural and ecological risks. “It is
35 essential that government incentives be used to minimize
competition between food and fuel crops and to discourage
expansion onto ecologically valuable lands,” says
Worldwatch Biofuels Project Manager Suzanne Hunt.
However, the report also finds that biofuels have the potential
40 to increase energy security, create new economic
opportunities in rural areas, and reduce local pollution and
emissions of greenhouse gases.
The long-term potential of biofuels is in the use of
non-food feedstock that include agricultural, municipal, and
45 forestry wastes as well as fast-growing, cellulose-rich
energy crops such as switchgrass. It is expected that the
combination of cellulosic biomass resources and “nextgeneration”
biofuel conversion technologies will compete
with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel without subsidies
50 in the medium term.
The report recommends policies to accelerate the
development of biofuels, while maximizing the benefits and
minimizing the risks. Recommendations include:
strengthening the market (i.e. focusing on market
55 development, infrastructure development, and the building
of transportation fleets that are able to use the new fuels),
speeding the transition to next-generation
technologies allowing for dramatically increased
production at lower cost, and facilitating sustainable
60 international biofuel trade, developing a true
international market unimpeded by the trade restrictions
in place today.
Worldwatch Institute - June 7, 2006.
Adapted from: http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4079
The main purpose of the text is to:
Assinale a alternativa que contém a voz passiva da sentença: “Did the noise frighten them?”.
Choose the correct sequence to complete the following paragraph.
Alvin Toffler, ___ I met only once, is arriving tomorrow. His most famous book, ___ contains interesting ideas, is called Future Shock. Mr. Toffler warns us against the consequences of technology, ___ may destroy us if we do not take the necessary precautions.
He is the farmer __we talked about last night.
My boss smokes____ a chimney.
____ he had time, he didn’t want to do it.
Use the correct conjunctions to complete the sentences.
He asked me ___ I was going on a trip.
I won’t go ____ she invites me.
She couldn’t stay longer ___ she had an appointment.
___ we have no money, we can’t buy anything.
The man ___ the book on the table and began to write.
Assinale a alternativa que completa apropriadamente a frase abaixo.
The mother ______ the milk for her son, and carelessly he _____ it on his chothes.
O texto a seguir refere-se às questões 29, 30, 31 e 32.
Learning to quit
Jodi Hall started smoking at age 9.
By the time she was 16, she was up to a pack a day – and she wanted to quit. A couple of reasons: one, her health; two, a guy named Mony. “He said that when he kissed me, it was like kissing an ashtray”, Jodi says.
Earlier this year, Jodi, along with 25 of her classmates at Johnson High School, in Savannah, GA, enrolled in the school’s first stop-smoking class. During the eight-week Tobacco Free Teen class, they learned what smoking can do to their body, their wallet and their grades (some kids end up cutting class to satisfy their nicotine cravings). But it wasn’t just about scare tactics. The goal is behavior modification, not punishment, so students are taught techniques for handling stress and resisting the urge to light up even when friends or parents do.
According to the American Lung Association (ALA), which sponsors the class, about half the adults who smoke were regular smokers by age 18. “Theses numbers are only going to get worse,” says Kristine Lewis of the ALA. “The tobacco industry is turning to teens.”
How did the students do? Jodi has been cigaretteless for three months. But she’s the only one. Her classmate Adam Cushman is slowly putting his way back to three packs a day. The 16-year-old says he wants to stop, “but the way things are going, I doubt I’ll be able to.”
Seventeen, June 1996.
The word goal in “The goal is behavior modification” can be replaced by:
O texto a seguir refere-se às questões 29, 30, 31 e 32.
Learning to quit
Jodi Hall started smoking at age 9.
By the time she was 16, she was up to a pack a day – and she wanted to quit. A couple of reasons: one, her health; two, a guy named Mony. “He said that when he kissed me, it was like kissing an ashtray”, Jodi says.
Earlier this year, Jodi, along with 25 of her classmates at Johnson High School, in Savannah, GA, enrolled in the school’s first stop-smoking class. During the eight-week Tobacco Free Teen class, they learned what smoking can do to their body, their wallet and their grades (some kids end up cutting class to satisfy their nicotine cravings). But it wasn’t just about scare tactics. The goal is behavior modification, not punishment, so students are taught techniques for handling stress and resisting the urge to light up even when friends or parents do.
According to the American Lung Association (ALA), which sponsors the class, about half the adults who smoke were regular smokers by age 18. “Theses numbers are only going to get worse,” says Kristine Lewis of the ALA. “The tobacco industry is turning to teens.”
How did the students do? Jodi has been cigaretteless for three months. But she’s the only one. Her classmate Adam Cushman is slowly putting his way back to three packs a day. The 16-year-old says he wants to stop, “but the way things are going, I doubt I’ll be able to.”
Seventeen, June 1996.
It can be inferred from the text that smoking can affect the following aspects of students’ lives:
O texto a seguir refere-se às questões 29, 30, 31 e 32.
Learning to quit
Jodi Hall started smoking at age 9.
By the time she was 16, she was up to a pack a day – and she wanted to quit. A couple of reasons: one, her health; two, a guy named Mony. “He said that when he kissed me, it was like kissing an ashtray”, Jodi says.
Earlier this year, Jodi, along with 25 of her classmates at Johnson High School, in Savannah, GA, enrolled in the school’s first stop-smoking class. During the eight-week Tobacco Free Teen class, they learned what smoking can do to their body, their wallet and their grades (some kids end up cutting class to satisfy their nicotine cravings). But it wasn’t just about scare tactics. The goal is behavior modification, not punishment, so students are taught techniques for handling stress and resisting the urge to light up even when friends or parents do.
According to the American Lung Association (ALA), which sponsors the class, about half the adults who smoke were regular smokers by age 18. “Theses numbers are only going to get worse,” says Kristine Lewis of the ALA. “The tobacco industry is turning to teens.”
How did the students do? Jodi has been cigaretteless for three months. But she’s the only one. Her classmate Adam Cushman is slowly putting his way back to three packs a day. The 16-year-old says he wants to stop, “but the way things are going, I doubt I’ll be able to.”
Seventeen, June 1996.
O pronome they em “they learned what smoking can do to…” refere-se a Jodi e:
O texto a seguir refere-se às questões 29, 30, 31 e 32.
Learning to quit
Jodi Hall started smoking at age 9.
By the time she was 16, she was up to a pack a day – and she wanted to quit. A couple of reasons: one, her health; two, a guy named Mony. “He said that when he kissed me, it was like kissing an ashtray”, Jodi says.
Earlier this year, Jodi, along with 25 of her classmates at Johnson High School, in Savannah, GA, enrolled in the school’s first stop-smoking class. During the eight-week Tobacco Free Teen class, they learned what smoking can do to their body, their wallet and their grades (some kids end up cutting class to satisfy their nicotine cravings). But it wasn’t just about scare tactics. The goal is behavior modification, not punishment, so students are taught techniques for handling stress and resisting the urge to light up even when friends or parents do.
According to the American Lung Association (ALA), which sponsors the class, about half the adults who smoke were regular smokers by age 18. “Theses numbers are only going to get worse,” says Kristine Lewis of the ALA. “The tobacco industry is turning to teens.”
How did the students do? Jodi has been cigaretteless for three months. But she’s the only one. Her classmate Adam Cushman is slowly putting his way back to three packs a day. The 16-year-old says he wants to stop, “but the way things are going, I doubt I’ll be able to.”
Seventeen, June 1996.
De acordo com o texto, o Segundo motivo alegado por Jodi para querer parar de fumar foi:
Sobre as tiras, marque a alternativa correta.
Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 56 a 60.
Communication Skills
There’s a great deal of talk about the need to be a good communicator in today’s workplace. But what exactly does that mean? Which among the broad set of communication skills do managers need most in their employees? And what can you do to transition from being a good communicator to a great one?
Communication: A case history
As an administrative professional, you’ve always held a highly visible role in the workplace. You have been — and continue to be — the first point of contact for outside parties, such as potential clients, investors, customers and job candidates. All of these people are likely to get their first impression of the company through their interactions with you.
What’s changed? You’re still that vital first point of contact. But increasingly, you are the “go-to” person from beginning to end for a wide range of internal and external contacts. You follow through on tasks ranging from simple information requests to complex research projects. Your wider scope of responsibility and knowledge enables you to handle a constantly growing workload. You may communicate as much in writing as you do verbally, with e-mail communication being a prominent tool.
(www.iaap-hq.org. Adaptado)
The last sentence of the third paragraph – You may communicate as much in writing as you do verbally, with e-mail communication being a prominent tool. – contains the idea that
Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 56 a 60.
Communication Skills
There’s a great deal of talk about the need to be a good communicator in today’s workplace. But what exactly does that mean? Which among the broad set of communication skills do managers need most in their employees? And what can you do to transition from being a good communicator to a great one?
Communication: A case history
As an administrative professional, you’ve always held a highly visible role in the workplace. You have been — and continue to be — the first point of contact for outside parties, such as potential clients, investors, customers and job candidates. All of these people are likely to get their first impression of the company through their interactions with you.
What’s changed? You’re still that vital first point of contact. But increasingly, you are the “go-to” person from beginning to end for a wide range of internal and external contacts. You follow through on tasks ranging from simple information requests to complex research projects. Your wider scope of responsibility and knowledge enables you to handle a constantly growing workload. You may communicate as much in writing as you do verbally, with e-mail communication being a prominent tool.
(www.iaap-hq.org. Adaptado)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo do texto – All of these people are likely to get their first impression of the company through their interactions with you. – a palavra likely indica
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