Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês
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Judge the item below according to the text.
In the sentence “Researchers said they were in higher levels in seafood,” the pronoun “they” refers to seafood.

Judge the item below according to the text.
Forever chemicals are natural toxins found in the environment, they do not pose long-term risks.

Based on the information provided in the text and your knowledge of English grammar, judge the item below.
The sentence “Scientists have connected eating ultraprocessed foods to poor health results” is written in the present perfect tense.

Based on the information provided in the text and your knowledge of English grammar, judge the item below.
The sentence “These are foods that you cannot make at home” can be rewritten as These are foods which you cannot make at home without changing the meaning.

Based on the information provided in the text and your knowledge of English grammar, judge the item below.
The word “higher” in the sentence “It is even higher – about two‑thirds of what they eat” is a comparative adjective.

Based on the information provided in the text and your knowledge of English grammar, judge the item below.
The word “because” in the sentence “because they contain flavors and chemicals” is used to express contrast.

Based on the information provided in the text and your knowledge of English grammar, judge the item below.
The sentences “Most Americans eat ultraprocessed foods every day” and “These are foods that you cannot make at home” are in the past simple tense.

Based on the information provided in the text and your knowledge of English grammar, judge the item below.
The text suggests that eating ultraprocessed foods has been linked to negative health outcomes, such as being overweight and potential risks of diabetes and heart disease.

Based on the information provided in the text and your knowledge of English grammar, judge the item below.
Frozen pizzas and sugary cereals are examples of ultraprocessed foods that Americans often consume. When it comes to children and teenagers, ultraprocessed foods account for a smaller proportion of their diet compared to adults.

Based on the information provided in the text and your knowledge of English grammar, judge the item below.
The text states that ultraprocessed foods are only high in sugar, making them a primary concern for people with diabetes.

Based on the information provided in the text and your knowledge of English grammar, judge the item below.
Ultraprocessed foods contain ingredients like flavors and chemicals that are not commonly found in home kitchens.
Magi Richani is the founder of San Francisco-based Nobell Foods, a startup company developing a new kind of cheese made from soybeans. She says plant-based cheese not only accommodates people who can’t consume dairy, but it also could be key to more sustainable food production worldwide. “The reality is that when you raise an animal for food, it’s not just the animals, you are actually growing crops, you are clearing land, and you’re raising the animal for years so it builds biomass,” Richani explained. “It’s an extremely inefficient supply chain.”
Nobell is particularly focused on creating plant-based casein, which is a protein produced when a cow gives birth and is present in the milk for its offspring. It is the ingredient that gives dairy cheese its unique stretchy texture. If Nobell is able to go to market and have the kind of impact it’s hoping to, then plant-based cheese could help us stretch toward a more sustainable future.
Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
Based on the ideas presented in the previous text as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.
The word “offspring”, in the first sentence of the last paragraph, can be replaced with calf without harming the coherence and the correctness of the text.
Magi Richani is the founder of San Francisco-based Nobell Foods, a startup company developing a new kind of cheese made from soybeans. She says plant-based cheese not only accommodates people who can’t consume dairy, but it also could be key to more sustainable food production worldwide. “The reality is that when you raise an animal for food, it’s not just the animals, you are actually growing crops, you are clearing land, and you’re raising the animal for years so it builds biomass,” Richani explained. “It’s an extremely inefficient supply chain.”
Nobell is particularly focused on creating plant-based casein, which is a protein produced when a cow gives birth and is present in the milk for its offspring. It is the ingredient that gives dairy cheese its unique stretchy texture. If Nobell is able to go to market and have the kind of impact it’s hoping to, then plant-based cheese could help us stretch toward a more sustainable future.
Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
Based on the ideas presented in the previous text as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.
Magi Richani affirms that the motivation to seek the production of plant-based cheese is twofold.
Magi Richani is the founder of San Francisco-based Nobell Foods, a startup company developing a new kind of cheese made from soybeans. She says plant-based cheese not only accommodates people who can’t consume dairy, but it also could be key to more sustainable food production worldwide. “The reality is that when you raise an animal for food, it’s not just the animals, you are actually growing crops, you are clearing land, and you’re raising the animal for years so it builds biomass,” Richani explained. “It’s an extremely inefficient supply chain.”
Nobell is particularly focused on creating plant-based casein, which is a protein produced when a cow gives birth and is present in the milk for its offspring. It is the ingredient that gives dairy cheese its unique stretchy texture. If Nobell is able to go to market and have the kind of impact it’s hoping to, then plant-based cheese could help us stretch toward a more sustainable future.
Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
Based on the ideas presented in the previous text as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.
According to the text, Nobell Foods works to implement a more efficient supply chain for the production of dairy cheese.
Magi Richani is the founder of San Francisco-based Nobell Foods, a startup company developing a new kind of cheese made from soybeans. She says plant-based cheese not only accommodates people who can’t consume dairy, but it also could be key to more sustainable food production worldwide. “The reality is that when you raise an animal for food, it’s not just the animals, you are actually growing crops, you are clearing land, and you’re raising the animal for years so it builds biomass,” Richani explained. “It’s an extremely inefficient supply chain.”
Nobell is particularly focused on creating plant-based casein, which is a protein produced when a cow gives birth and is present in the milk for its offspring. It is the ingredient that gives dairy cheese its unique stretchy texture. If Nobell is able to go to market and have the kind of impact it’s hoping to, then plant-based cheese could help us stretch toward a more sustainable future.
Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
Based on the ideas presented in the previous text as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.
The words “stretch” (last sentence of the text) and “stretchy” (second sentence of the last paragraph), although similar, convey different meanings: “stretchy” refers to a concrete sensation, whereas “stretch” is used in a metaphorical abstract way.
When a person (or team or firm or government) decides how to act in dealings with other people (or teams or firms or governments), there must be some cross-effect of their actions; what one does must affect the outcome for the other. For the interaction to become a strategic game, however, we need the participants’ mutual awareness of this cross-effect. What the other person does affects you; if you know this, you can react to his actions, or take advance actions to forestall the bad effects his future actions may have on you and to facilitate any good effects, or even take advance actions so as to alter his future reactions to your advantage. If you know that the other person knows that what you do affects him, you know that he will be taking similar actions. And so on. It is this mutual awareness of the cross-effects of actions and the actions taken as a result of this awareness that constitute the most interesting aspects of strategy.
When each participant is significant in the interaction, either because each is a large player to start with or because commitments or private information narrow the scope of the relationship to a point where each is an important player within the relationship, we must think of the interaction as a strategic game. Such situations are the rule rather than the exception in business, in politics, and even in social interactions. Therefore, the study of strategic games forms an important part of all fields that analyze these matters.
Avinash Dixit et al. Games of strategy.
New York: W.W. Norton & Coadapted, 2015 (adapted).
Considering to the preceding text, judge the item that follow.
In the first sentence of the text, the phrase “what one does must affect the outcome for the other” functions as an explanation of the previous expression “cross-effect”.
When a person (or team or firm or government) decides how to act in dealings with other people (or teams or firms or governments), there must be some cross-effect of their actions; what one does must affect the outcome for the other. For the interaction to become a strategic game, however, we need the participants’ mutual awareness of this cross-effect. What the other person does affects you; if you know this, you can react to his actions, or take advance actions to forestall the bad effects his future actions may have on you and to facilitate any good effects, or even take advance actions so as to alter his future reactions to your advantage. If you know that the other person knows that what you do affects him, you know that he will be taking similar actions. And so on. It is this mutual awareness of the cross-effects of actions and the actions taken as a result of this awareness that constitute the most interesting aspects of strategy.
When each participant is significant in the interaction, either because each is a large player to start with or because commitments or private information narrow the scope of the relationship to a point where each is an important player within the relationship, we must think of the interaction as a strategic game. Such situations are the rule rather than the exception in business, in politics, and even in social interactions. Therefore, the study of strategic games forms an important part of all fields that analyze these matters.
Avinash Dixit et al. Games of strategy.
New York: W.W. Norton & Coadapted, 2015 (adapted).
Considering to the preceding text, judge the item that follow.
The text presents a field of study, called strategic games, that uses concepts derived from business and politics to analyze social interactions.
When a person (or team or firm or government) decides how to act in dealings with other people (or teams or firms or governments), there must be some cross-effect of their actions; what one does must affect the outcome for the other. For the interaction to become a strategic game, however, we need the participants’ mutual awareness of this cross-effect. What the other person does affects you; if you know this, you can react to his actions, or take advance actions to forestall the bad effects his future actions may have on you and to facilitate any good effects, or even take advance actions so as to alter his future reactions to your advantage. If you know that the other person knows that what you do affects him, you know that he will be taking similar actions. And so on. It is this mutual awareness of the cross-effects of actions and the actions taken as a result of this awareness that constitute the most interesting aspects of strategy.
When each participant is significant in the interaction, either because each is a large player to start with or because commitments or private information narrow the scope of the relationship to a point where each is an important player within the relationship, we must think of the interaction as a strategic game. Such situations are the rule rather than the exception in business, in politics, and even in social interactions. Therefore, the study of strategic games forms an important part of all fields that analyze these matters.
Avinash Dixit et al. Games of strategy.
New York: W.W. Norton & Coadapted, 2015 (adapted).
Considering to the preceding text, judge the item that follow.
The sentence “For the interaction to become a strategic game, however, we need the participants’ mutual awareness of this cross-effect.” can be correctly rephrased as However, participants must be reciprocally aware of this cross-effect for the interaction to develop into a strategic game.
When a person (or team or firm or government) decides how to act in dealings with other people (or teams or firms or governments), there must be some cross-effect of their actions; what one does must affect the outcome for the other. For the interaction to become a strategic game, however, we need the participants’ mutual awareness of this cross-effect. What the other person does affects you; if you know this, you can react to his actions, or take advance actions to forestall the bad effects his future actions may have on you and to facilitate any good effects, or even take advance actions so as to alter his future reactions to your advantage. If you know that the other person knows that what you do affects him, you know that he will be taking similar actions. And so on. It is this mutual awareness of the cross-effects of actions and the actions taken as a result of this awareness that constitute the most interesting aspects of strategy.
When each participant is significant in the interaction, either because each is a large player to start with or because commitments or private information narrow the scope of the relationship to a point where each is an important player within the relationship, we must think of the interaction as a strategic game. Such situations are the rule rather than the exception in business, in politics, and even in social interactions. Therefore, the study of strategic games forms an important part of all fields that analyze these matters.
Avinash Dixit et al. Games of strategy.
New York: W.W. Norton & Coadapted, 2015 (adapted).
Considering to the preceding text, judge the item that follow.
Is it correct to infer from the text’s information that in strategic games both parties must be large players since the beginning of the interaction.
When a person (or team or firm or government) decides how to act in dealings with other people (or teams or firms or governments), there must be some cross-effect of their actions; what one does must affect the outcome for the other. For the interaction to become a strategic game, however, we need the participants’ mutual awareness of this cross-effect. What the other person does affects you; if you know this, you can react to his actions, or take advance actions to forestall the bad effects his future actions may have on you and to facilitate any good effects, or even take advance actions so as to alter his future reactions to your advantage. If you know that the other person knows that what you do affects him, you know that he will be taking similar actions. And so on. It is this mutual awareness of the cross-effects of actions and the actions taken as a result of this awareness that constitute the most interesting aspects of strategy.
When each participant is significant in the interaction, either because each is a large player to start with or because commitments or private information narrow the scope of the relationship to a point where each is an important player within the relationship, we must think of the interaction as a strategic game. Such situations are the rule rather than the exception in business, in politics, and even in social interactions. Therefore, the study of strategic games forms an important part of all fields that analyze these matters.
Avinash Dixit et al. Games of strategy.
New York: W.W. Norton & Coadapted, 2015 (adapted).
Considering to the preceding text, judge the item that follow.
The words “forestall” and “facilitate” (third sentence of the text) work as antonyms and are being used to convey opposite reactions.