Questões de Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary para Concurso

TEXTO 01

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 01 a 08.

HEALTH CHECK

TAKE THIS CANCER QUIZ TO DETERMINE YOUR RISK OF DEVELOPING DISEASE - AS 1 IN 2 FACE DIAGNOSIS

(1º§) Around one in three cases of the most common cancers could be prevented by eating a healthy diet, keeping to a healthy weight and being more active, according to Macmillan Cancer Support.

(2º§) The following factors are asked about in the quiz.

Smoking

(3º§) At the top of the risk factor list, the WCRF says "not smoking is the best way to protect yourself from cancer".

Weight

(4º§) "Being a healthy weight is one of the most important ways ____ protect yourself against 12 types of cancer," the WCRF says. This includes bowel, kidney, womb and oesophagus cancer.

Exercise

(5º§) There is a reason exercise is encouraged - and not to just look fit.

(6º§) The WCRF says: "Being moderately active for at least 150 minutes or vigorously active for at least 75 minutes a week helps protect against three types of cancer. "Doing 45-60 minutes of moderate activity a day increases the benefit even more."

Fruit and veg

(7º§) You should aim to eat five portions of fruit and five of veg every day. "Fruit and vegetables can protect against cancers of the mouth and throat and digestive tract," WCRF says.

Wholegrains

(8º§) Wholegrain versions of carbohydrates not only help you keep a healthy weight, but have also been shown to reduce the risk of bowel cancer, the WCRF says. Generally it's important to eat a balanced diet as a way to prevent cancer.

Sugary drinks

(9º§) How many sugary drinks do you drink a week? This includes fizzy drinks, sugar-sweetened tea and coffee and squash. "Limiting sugar-sweetened drinks helps to prevent weight gain, which reduces your cancer risk," the WCRF says.

High fat and sugar foods

(10º§) Similarly to sugary drinks, consuming too much junk food will lead to weight gain - and weight gain is an independent cancer risk factor.

(11º§) It doesn't mean you can never have your favourite chocolate bar, cake or crisps. But it's about simple daily swaps. The WCRF suggests swapping a whole chocolate bar for a small piece of chocolate and a piece of fruit, for example.

Red and processed meats

(12º§) A diet abundant in red meat, like beef, lamb and pork, should be avoided. Similarly processed meats, such as bacon, sausages and ham, shouldn't be consumed ____ much. Both are linked to bowel cancer risk.

(13º§) "Limiting your intake [of red meat] to no more than three portions a week (350-500g cooked weight) can protect against bowel cancer," the WCRF says.

Alcohol

(14º§) The best way to avoid this risk would be to stop drinking at all.

(15º§) But if you do like a tipple, stick to the guidelines of no more than 14 units a week - equivalent to around four to five pints of beer or large glasses of wine.

Sun exposure

(16º§) Do you go the extra measure to protect yourself ____ the sun?

(17º§) We're talking suncream used regularly, avoiding the sun between 11am and 3pm, wearing a hat and sunglasses and avoiding sunbeds. "By not using sun beds and protecting yourself from sun exposure, you'll reduce your risk of skin cancers," the WCRF says.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/15912985/cancer-quiz-determine-risk/

Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 43 a 46.

In 1972 a British linguist, D. A. Wilkins, proposed a functional or communicative definition of language that could serve as a basis for developing communicative syllabuses for language teaching. Wilkins’s contribution was an analysis of the communicative meanings that a language learner needs to understand and express. Rather than describe the core of language through traditional concepts of grammar and vocabulary, Wilkins attempted to demonstrate the systems of meanings that lay behind the communicative uses of language. He described two types of meanings: notional categories (concepts such as time, sequence, quantity, location) and categories of communicative function (requests, denials, offers, complaints).

Proponents of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) see it as an approach that aims to (a) make communicative competence the goal of language teaching and (b) develop procedures for the teaching of language skills that acknowledge the interdependence of language and communication. Its comprehensiveness thus makes it different in scope and status from any of the earlier traditions in language teaching. There is no single text or authority on it, nor any single model that is universally accepted as authoritative. What is essential in all of them is that at least two parties are involved in an interaction of some kind where one party has an intention and the other party expands or reacts to the intention.

(RICHARDS, J.C. & RODGERS,T. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: CUP, 2001. Adaptado)