Questões de Concurso Público CESMAC 2016 para Processo Seletivo Tradicional- 2016.2- AGRESTE

The global population is now nearly seven and a half billion. And that’s just humans. Because our planet is also home to one-and-a-half-billion cows, another billion sheep, and a billion goats. Their combined belches account for a full fifth of the world's methane emissions—and methane is about 30 times more potent at trapping heat than CO2.

But those methane emissions might get cut—by feeding the grazers something called 3-nitrooxypropanol. "I can tell you, they like it. No rejection at all." Maik Kindermann, an organic chemist at DSM Nutritional Products in Switzerland. Liking it, in the cow world, he says basically means they'll still gobble up their food, even with this stuff mixed in.

Kindermann's company developed the additive a few years back. It jams up an enzyme crucial to the production of methane by bacteria that live inside the animals. And it slashes the number of those methane-belching bacteria, while leaving the rest of the microbiome intact. The result? A 30 percent decrease in methane emissions.

Kindermann says he thinks the compound could be a winwin for the planet—and the animals. "You know the methane is kind of a waste product. And this energy, instead of losing it for the animal, it can be reused for the animal in terms of performance, and at the same time we are doing something for greenhouse gas emission and climate change." The product’s not on the market yet—toxicology tests are ongoing. But the hope is that it might take some of the heat off of beef.  

Disponível em: http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/feed-additivesquelches-ruminants-methane-belches/ Acessado em 5 de maio de 2016.

According to the United States Department of Justice, human trafficking is the “third most profitable criminal activity. An estimated $9.5 billion is generated in annual revenue from all trafficking activities, with at least $4 billion attributed to the worldwide brothel industry.”

The United States Department of State estimates that 800,000 women, children and men are internationally trafficked every year. Most of these victims are enslaved in the sex trade industry, followed by domestic servitude and labor. Over 14,000 victims are trafficked into the United States annually, according to the United States Department of Justice, and an estimated 200,000 American children are potentially trafficked each year into the sex trade.

Since 2001, the United States Department of Health and Human Services has issued almost 1,100 certifications to human trafficking victims in the United States originating from over 40 countries. The largest contributing regions are Latin America and Asia. The majority of victims are female and half of all victims are children. Law enforcement agencies report that the majority of trafficking cases presented as prostitution. But victims of human trafficking have also been rescued from enslavement as domestic servants, child soldiers, child brides, beggars, manual laborers, sweatshops workers, and in landmine removal efforts. There are also baby trafficking rings that sell babies to both knowing and unknowing adoptive parents.

Anyone can potentially fall prey to human traffickers. Before enslavement, many victims earned higher educational degrees. Many victims were professionals. Others were simply seeking a better life when they fell prey. Regardless of demographics or the circumstance of their trafficking, the common thread among all trafficking victims is the deprivation of inherent human rights and dignity. They are frequently subjected to physical, mental, emotional and sexual abuse. Although these victims are a commodity to the traffickers, they are nonetheless considered expendable. They are consequently not given adequate care. Without proper care and essential services, these innocent victims will be less likely to live hopeful, healthy, and productive lives. 

Adaptado de: <http://globalrescuerelief.org/what-is-human-trafficking/> Acessado em 5 de maio de 2016.