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From the point of view of some popular authors Genre is a purposeful, socially constructed oral or written communicative event, such as a narrative, a casual conversation, a poem, a recipe, or a description. Different genres are characterized by a particular structure or stages, and grammatical forms that reflect the communicative purpose of the genre in question.
Considering teaching English for Specific Purpose (ESP) through a Genre-Based Approach, it is true to say that
I. receptive skills, particularly listening, are given enhanced status.
II. the main objective of ESP is to enable students to perform certain linguistic tasks related to their academic and professional settings.
III. the choice of the texts, to be used in the classroom, is based on the genres identified as important for students.
IV. needs analysis as well as content knowledge diagnosis are key steps in the planning and teaching through this Approach.
V. one of the key principles of the approach is that grammar as a receptive skill, involving the perception of similarity and difference, is prioritized.
The only correct alternative(s) is/are:
Some popular ELT authors stress two aspects of English for Specific Purpose (ESP) methodology: “all ESP teaching should reflect the methodology of the disciplines and professions it serves; and in more specific ESP teaching the nature of the interaction between the teacher and learner may be very different from that in general English Class”.
According to these authors’ view, choose the correct ESP features from the absolute and variable characteristics.
I. ESP is designed to meet specific needs of the learner.
II. ESP is not designed for specific disciplines.
III. ESP makes use of the underlying methodology and activities of the disciplines it serves.
IV. ESP is centered on the language (grammar, lexis and register), skills, discourse and games appropriate to these activities.
V. ESP is not designed for adult learners, neither at a tertiary level institution nor in a professional work situation. It is however used for learners at a secondary level.
The only correct alternative(s) is/are:
The Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is best understood as an approach, not a method. Considering some of its interconnected characteristics as a definition of communicative language teaching-approach, analyse the statements below.
I. Classroom goals are focused on all of the components of communicative competence and not restricted to grammatical or linguistic competence.
II. Language techniques are designed to engage learners in the pragmatic, authentic, functional use of language for meaningful purposes. Organizational language forms are not the central focus but rather aspects of language that enable the learner to accomplish those purposes.
III. Fluency and accuracy are seen as complimentary principles underlying communicative techniques. At times accuracy may have to take on more importance than fluency in order to keep learners meaningfully engaged in language use.
IV. In the communicative classroom, students ultimately have to use the language, productively and respectively, in unrehearsed contexts.
V. Classroom goals are focused on form rather than meaning.
The only correct alternative(s) is/are:
Read TEXT 5 and answer question.
TEXT 5
Situation: Teachers of a Tourism Course decide to work with the theme Accessibility which belongs to their Syllabus. They decide to plan a visit to an International Airport.
Here is a list of suggestions for the teachers who are engaged in the activity to plan their lessons:
- A teacher of Tourism and Sustainable Development Theory can ask students to find out about the infra-structure of the place and make a list of possible problems and solutions in order to write a report;
- A teacher of History can ask students to find out when the airport was built, how it was designed, who ruled the city at that time and if there were any interest in improving the accessibility, read the laws about accessibility, write a report about what was going wrong and make suggestions.
- A teacher of English can ask students to find out all the signs if they are translated, if there is accessibility in relation to all the airport, write directions to tell the tourists how to get to the places inside the airport; take notes about problems and solutions.
- The week after the visit all the students will have to share information about their findings.
The situation presented above is mainly related to the principle of
Read TEXT 3 and answer question.
TEXT 3
THE PAPERLESS CLASSROOM IS COMING
Michael Scherer
Back-to-school night this year in Mr. G’s sixth-grade classroom felt a bit like an inquisition.
Teacher Matthew Gudenius, a boyish, 36-year-old computer whiz who runs his class like a preteen tech startup, had prepared 26 PowerPoint slides filled with facts and footnotes to deflect the concerns of parents. But time was short, the worries were many, and it didn’t take long for the venting to begin.
“I like a paper book. I don’t like an e-book,” one father told him, as about 30 adults squeezed into a room for 22 students. Another dad said he could no longer help his son with homework because all the assignments were online. “I’m now kind of taking out of the routine.”, he complained. Rushing to finish, Gudenius passed a slide about the debate over teaching cursive, mumbling, “We don’t care about handwriting.” In a flash a mother objected: “Yeah, we do.”
At issue was far more than penmanship. The future of K-12 education is arriving fast, and it looks a lot like Mr. G’s classroom in the northern foothills of California’s wine country. Last year, President Obama announced a federal effort to get a laptop, tablet or smartphone into the hands of every student in every school in the U.S. and to pipe in enough bandwidth to get all 49.8 million American kids online simultaneously by 2017. Bulky textbooks will be replaced by flat screens. Worksheets will be stored in the cloud, not clunky Trapper Keepers. The Dewey decimal system will give way to Google. “This one is a big, big deal,” says Secretary of Education Arne Duncan.
It’s a deal Gudenius has been working to realize for years. He doesn’t just teach a computer on every student’s desk; he also tries to do it without any paper at all, saving, by his own estimate, 46,800 sheets a year, or about four trees. The paperless learning environment, while not the goals of most fledgling programs, represents the ultimate result of technology transforming classroom.
Gudenius started teaching as a computer-lab instructor, seeing students for just a few hours each month. That much time is still the norm for most kids. American schools have about 3.6 students for every classroom computing device, according to Education Market Research, and only 1 in 5 school buildings has the wiring to get all students online at once. But Gudenius always saw computers as a tool, not a subject. “We don’t have a paper-and-pencil lab, he says. When you are learning to be a mechanic, you don’t go to a wrench lab.”
Ask his students if they prefer the digital to the tree-based technology and everyone will say yes. It is not unusual for kids to groan when the bell rings because they don’t want to leave their work, which is often done in ways that were impossible just a few years ago. Instead of telling his students to show their work when they do an algebra equation, Gudenius asks them to create and narrate a video about the process, which can then be shown in class. History lessons are enlivened by brief videos that run on individual tablets. And spelling, grammar and vocabulary exercises have the feel of a game, with each student working at his own speed, until Gudenius – who tracks the kids’ progress on a smartphone – gives commands like “Spin it” to let the kids know to flip the screens of their devices around so that he can see their work and begin the next lesson.
Source: TIME- How to Eat Now. Education: The Paperless Classroom is Coming, p. 36-37; October 20, 2014
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