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Q2409849 Inglês

Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 43 a 46.


In 1972 a British linguist, D. A. Wilkins, proposed a functional or communicative definition of language that could serve as a basis for developing communicative syllabuses for language teaching. Wilkins’s contribution was an analysis of the communicative meanings that a language learner needs to understand and express. Rather than describe the core of language through traditional concepts of grammar and vocabulary, Wilkins attempted to demonstrate the systems of meanings that lay behind the communicative uses of language. He described two types of meanings: notional categories (concepts such as time, sequence, quantity, location) and categories of communicative function (requests, denials, offers, complaints).

Proponents of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) see it as an approach that aims to (a) make communicative competence the goal of language teaching and (b) develop procedures for the teaching of language skills that acknowledge the interdependence of language and communication. Its comprehensiveness thus makes it different in scope and status from any of the earlier traditions in language teaching. There is no single text or authority on it, nor any single model that is universally accepted as authoritative. What is essential in all of them is that at least two parties are involved in an interaction of some kind where one party has an intention and the other party expands or reacts to the intention.


(RICHARDS, J.C. & RODGERS,T. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: CUP, 2001. Adaptado)

O objetivo do Ensino Comunicativo de Línguas expresso na afirmação “develop procedures for the teaching of the four language skills that acknowledge the interdependence of language and communication” traz a seguinte implicação:

Alternativas
Q2409848 Inglês

Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 43 a 46.


In 1972 a British linguist, D. A. Wilkins, proposed a functional or communicative definition of language that could serve as a basis for developing communicative syllabuses for language teaching. Wilkins’s contribution was an analysis of the communicative meanings that a language learner needs to understand and express. Rather than describe the core of language through traditional concepts of grammar and vocabulary, Wilkins attempted to demonstrate the systems of meanings that lay behind the communicative uses of language. He described two types of meanings: notional categories (concepts such as time, sequence, quantity, location) and categories of communicative function (requests, denials, offers, complaints).

Proponents of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) see it as an approach that aims to (a) make communicative competence the goal of language teaching and (b) develop procedures for the teaching of language skills that acknowledge the interdependence of language and communication. Its comprehensiveness thus makes it different in scope and status from any of the earlier traditions in language teaching. There is no single text or authority on it, nor any single model that is universally accepted as authoritative. What is essential in all of them is that at least two parties are involved in an interaction of some kind where one party has an intention and the other party expands or reacts to the intention.


(RICHARDS, J.C. & RODGERS,T. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: CUP, 2001. Adaptado)

The comparison between CLT and the earlier structuralist tradition will reveal that

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Q2409732 História

O presente estudo tem como objetivo colocar em perspectiva histórica a relação entre o início do capitalismo, exemplificado pela Grã-Bretanha, e o tráfico negreiro, a escravidão negra e o comércio colonial geral dos séculos XVII e XVIII.


(Eric Williams, Capitalismo e escravidão)


Assinale a alternativa que apresente corretamente uma das principais conclusões da obra citada.

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Q2409730 História

As funções do Estado desagregavam-se em concessões verticais sucessivas, e a cada nível estavam integradas as relações econômicas e políticas. Essa parcelarização da soberania seria constitutiva de todo o modo de produção feudal.

Decorriam dela três características estruturais do feudalismo ocidental, todas de importância fundamental em sua dinâmica.


(Perry Anderson, Passagens da Antiguidade ao feudalismo)


Entre essas “três características estruturais do feudalismo ocidental”, é correto apontar para

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Q2409729 História

[…] na URSS, o historiador do Partido Comunista passou a ter uma função similar a dos teólogos do Islã ou da Cristandade: seus ensinamentos têm por objetivo reforçar e engrandecer as instituições existentes. Evidentemente, essa função não é apanágio do regime soviético, mas seus dirigentes, a começar por Stálin, levaram-na a limites extremos, transformando e desfigurando o passado ao sabor dos desejos caprichosos da linha política, encoberta sob o nome de necessidades da História que está por ser feita.


(Marc Ferro, A manipulação da história no ensino e nos meios de comunicação)


Segundo Marc Ferro, no contexto apresentado, a desfiguração do passado pode ser verificada quando

Alternativas
Respostas
51: D
52: A
53: C
54: A
55: B