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Q2572391
Português Pontuação , Travessão , Interpretação de Textos , Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto
Ano: 2024 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: BACEN Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2024 - BACEN - Analista – Área: Economia e Finanças |
Q2572391 Português

Texto CB1A1-I


        A emergência de uma grande variedade de plataformas digitais, desde o final da década de 1990, provocou uma mudança econômica radical e uma reorganização de mercados e arranjos de trabalho. A economia de plataforma não está apenas mudando a forma como o trabalho é realizado e remunerado. Os mercados de trabalho também estão se transformando drasticamente, levando a uma situação em que o “emprego padrão” é cada vez mais suplementado ou substituído por trabalho temporário “fora do padrão”, mediado por plataformas. Em um contexto de crescente instabilidade macroeconômica, de desregulamentação das relações de trabalho — em função do impacto disruptivo de tecnologias digitais na intermediação dessas relações —, verifica-se a emergência de novas formas de emprego “fora do padrão”, que reforçam diversos tipos de “flexibilidade” — temporal, espacial, gerencial e funcional, entre outras. Grande parte dessas novas formas de emprego está vinculada à mediação de plataformas digitais, que conectam ofertantes e demandantes de trabalho.


        As plataformas digitais facilitam a articulação entre ofertantes e demandantes de trabalho que, de outra forma, poderiam ter dificuldades para interagir entre si, tornando a realização de transações mais eficiente do que seria possível em relacionamentos bilaterais entre as partes, fornecendo infraestrutura e regras para sua realização. No âmbito dessas plataformas, a correspondência (matching) entre ofertantes e demandantes de trabalho pode ser feita de forma eficaz, por exemplo, por meio de algoritmos que diminuem a quantidade de tempo utilizado para encontrar trabalhadores adequados para tarefas específicas, além de oferecer a base para o controle e gerenciamento dessas tarefas.


        No entanto, a força de trabalho torna-se mais vulnerável, pois as leis trabalhistas ainda se baseiam em um antigo sistema “binário”, segundo o qual quem é empregado recebe direitos — por exemplo, aviso de demissão ou férias pagas —, mas para quem é contratado o acesso a esses direitos tende a ser restringido. Assim, se o modelo de plataformas de trabalho com a interveniência de uma gestão algorítmica oferece vantagens no que se refere à flexibilidade sobre formas convencionais de organização e gestão do trabalho, esse mesmo modelo suscita questões relevantes como a distribuição desigual de oportunidades, benefícios e riscos entre os agentes envolvidos, bem como os possíveis custos sociais advindos de uma eventual precarização das relações de trabalho.


Herbert P. S. de Oliveira e Jorge N. de P. Britto. Gerenciamento e disciplina algorítmica:

uma análise focalizada em plataformas de emprego de elevada qualificação.

Economia e Sociedade, Campinas, v. 32, n.º 3 (79), 2023 (com adaptações).

Acerca dos sentidos veiculados no texto CB1A1-I, julgue o item a seguir. 


No quarto período do primeiro parágrafo, o trecho isolado entre travessões expressa a causa da desregulamentação das relações de trabalho. 

Alternativas
Q2254461
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2006 Banca: FCC Órgão: BACEN Prova: FCC - 2006 - BACEN - Analista do Banco Central - Área 3 - Conhecimentos Específicos |
Q2254461 Inglês
Senate Passes Plan to Cut $35 Billion From Deficit

By Jonathan Weisman
Washington Post Staff Writer
Friday, November 4, 2005; A01

    The Senate approved sweeping deficit-reduction legislation last night that would save about $35 billion over the next five years by cutting federal spending on prescription drugs, agriculture supports and student loans, while clamping down on fraud in the Medicaid program.
     The measure would also open Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling, a long-sought goal of the oil industry that took a major step forward after years of political struggle. A bipartisan effort to strip the drilling provision narrowly failed.
    The Senate bill, which passed 52 to 47, is the first in nearly a decade to tackle the growth of entitlement spending, the part of the federal budget that rises automatically based on set formulas and population changes.
     It would shave payments to some farmers by 2.5 percent, while eliminating a major cotton support program and trimming agriculture conservation spending. A proposal to limit payments to rich farmers failed yesterday. The measure passed largely along party lines, with only two Democrats voting for it and five Republicans voting against it.
     Yesterday's action is part of an effort by congressional Republicans to demonstrate fiscal discipline after widespread complaints of profligate spending on Capitol Hill. ....51.... many Democrats and some moderate Republicans are concerned that the effort may go too far, prominent Republicans in the Senate and House said the cuts were necessary to slow the rate of spending and control a deficit projected to total $314 billion by the end of the fiscal year.
      During a speech yesterday, former House majority leader Tom Delay (R-Tex) repeatedly apologized for excessive spending by Congress, including recent highway legislation that was ....52.... with lawmakers’ pet projects. After noting that House Republicans have voted to cut taxes every year since winning the majority in 1994, DeLay acknowledged, “Our record on spending has not been as consistent, ....53.... .”

(Adapted from washingtonpost.com)
Segundo o texto,
Alternativas
Q2254460
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2006 Banca: FCC Órgão: BACEN Prova: FCC - 2006 - BACEN - Analista do Banco Central - Área 3 - Conhecimentos Específicos |
Q2254460 Inglês
Senate Passes Plan to Cut $35 Billion From Deficit

By Jonathan Weisman
Washington Post Staff Writer
Friday, November 4, 2005; A01

    The Senate approved sweeping deficit-reduction legislation last night that would save about $35 billion over the next five years by cutting federal spending on prescription drugs, agriculture supports and student loans, while clamping down on fraud in the Medicaid program.
     The measure would also open Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling, a long-sought goal of the oil industry that took a major step forward after years of political struggle. A bipartisan effort to strip the drilling provision narrowly failed.
    The Senate bill, which passed 52 to 47, is the first in nearly a decade to tackle the growth of entitlement spending, the part of the federal budget that rises automatically based on set formulas and population changes.
     It would shave payments to some farmers by 2.5 percent, while eliminating a major cotton support program and trimming agriculture conservation spending. A proposal to limit payments to rich farmers failed yesterday. The measure passed largely along party lines, with only two Democrats voting for it and five Republicans voting against it.
     Yesterday's action is part of an effort by congressional Republicans to demonstrate fiscal discipline after widespread complaints of profligate spending on Capitol Hill. ....51.... many Democrats and some moderate Republicans are concerned that the effort may go too far, prominent Republicans in the Senate and House said the cuts were necessary to slow the rate of spending and control a deficit projected to total $314 billion by the end of the fiscal year.
      During a speech yesterday, former House majority leader Tom Delay (R-Tex) repeatedly apologized for excessive spending by Congress, including recent highway legislation that was ....52.... with lawmakers’ pet projects. After noting that House Republicans have voted to cut taxes every year since winning the majority in 1994, DeLay acknowledged, “Our record on spending has not been as consistent, ....53.... .”

(Adapted from washingtonpost.com)
 Dentre as alternativas abaixo, qual delas NÃO representa o sentido com que entitlement em entitlement spending é usado no texto?
Alternativas
Q2254459
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2006 Banca: FCC Órgão: BACEN Prova: FCC - 2006 - BACEN - Analista do Banco Central - Área 3 - Conhecimentos Específicos |
Q2254459 Inglês
Senate Passes Plan to Cut $35 Billion From Deficit

By Jonathan Weisman
Washington Post Staff Writer
Friday, November 4, 2005; A01

    The Senate approved sweeping deficit-reduction legislation last night that would save about $35 billion over the next five years by cutting federal spending on prescription drugs, agriculture supports and student loans, while clamping down on fraud in the Medicaid program.
     The measure would also open Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling, a long-sought goal of the oil industry that took a major step forward after years of political struggle. A bipartisan effort to strip the drilling provision narrowly failed.
    The Senate bill, which passed 52 to 47, is the first in nearly a decade to tackle the growth of entitlement spending, the part of the federal budget that rises automatically based on set formulas and population changes.
     It would shave payments to some farmers by 2.5 percent, while eliminating a major cotton support program and trimming agriculture conservation spending. A proposal to limit payments to rich farmers failed yesterday. The measure passed largely along party lines, with only two Democrats voting for it and five Republicans voting against it.
     Yesterday's action is part of an effort by congressional Republicans to demonstrate fiscal discipline after widespread complaints of profligate spending on Capitol Hill. ....51.... many Democrats and some moderate Republicans are concerned that the effort may go too far, prominent Republicans in the Senate and House said the cuts were necessary to slow the rate of spending and control a deficit projected to total $314 billion by the end of the fiscal year.
      During a speech yesterday, former House majority leader Tom Delay (R-Tex) repeatedly apologized for excessive spending by Congress, including recent highway legislation that was ....52.... with lawmakers’ pet projects. After noting that House Republicans have voted to cut taxes every year since winning the majority in 1994, DeLay acknowledged, “Our record on spending has not been as consistent, ....53.... .”

(Adapted from washingtonpost.com)
A partir de are concerned that the effort may go too far, depreende-se que esses políticos estão
Alternativas
Q2254458
Inglês Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2006 Banca: FCC Órgão: BACEN Prova: FCC - 2006 - BACEN - Analista do Banco Central - Área 3 - Conhecimentos Específicos |
Q2254458 Inglês
Senate Passes Plan to Cut $35 Billion From Deficit

By Jonathan Weisman
Washington Post Staff Writer
Friday, November 4, 2005; A01

    The Senate approved sweeping deficit-reduction legislation last night that would save about $35 billion over the next five years by cutting federal spending on prescription drugs, agriculture supports and student loans, while clamping down on fraud in the Medicaid program.
     The measure would also open Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling, a long-sought goal of the oil industry that took a major step forward after years of political struggle. A bipartisan effort to strip the drilling provision narrowly failed.
    The Senate bill, which passed 52 to 47, is the first in nearly a decade to tackle the growth of entitlement spending, the part of the federal budget that rises automatically based on set formulas and population changes.
     It would shave payments to some farmers by 2.5 percent, while eliminating a major cotton support program and trimming agriculture conservation spending. A proposal to limit payments to rich farmers failed yesterday. The measure passed largely along party lines, with only two Democrats voting for it and five Republicans voting against it.
     Yesterday's action is part of an effort by congressional Republicans to demonstrate fiscal discipline after widespread complaints of profligate spending on Capitol Hill. ....51.... many Democrats and some moderate Republicans are concerned that the effort may go too far, prominent Republicans in the Senate and House said the cuts were necessary to slow the rate of spending and control a deficit projected to total $314 billion by the end of the fiscal year.
      During a speech yesterday, former House majority leader Tom Delay (R-Tex) repeatedly apologized for excessive spending by Congress, including recent highway legislation that was ....52.... with lawmakers’ pet projects. After noting that House Republicans have voted to cut taxes every year since winning the majority in 1994, DeLay acknowledged, “Our record on spending has not been as consistent, ....53.... .”

(Adapted from washingtonpost.com)
No 3o parágrafo, nearly pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por
Alternativas
Respostas
26: C
27: B
28: E
29: A
30: C
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