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Q1616591 Raciocínio Lógico

Julgue o item seguinte, relativos a lógica proposicional e a lógica de primeira ordem.


A negação da proposição “Todas as reuniões devem ser gravadas por mídias digitais” é corretamente expressa por “Nenhuma reunião deve ser gravada por mídias digitais”.

Alternativas
Q1616590 Raciocínio Lógico

Julgue o item seguinte, relativos a lógica proposicional e a lógica de primeira ordem.


Situação hipotética: Os documentos A, B e C pertencem a João, Paulo e Artur, não necessariamente nessa ordem. Sabe-se que: se o documento A for arquivado, então o documento C será arquivado; o documento B não será arquivado; o documento pertencente a João será arquivado se, e somente se, o documento pertencente a Artur for arquivado; exatamente dois desses documentos não serão arquivados. Assertiva: Com base nessas informações, conclui-se que o documento C pertence a Paulo e será arquivado.


Alternativas
Q1616589 Raciocínio Lógico
Considere que as seguintes proposições sejam verdadeiras.


• P: “Se o processo foi relatado e foi assinado, então ele foi discutido em reunião”.

• Q: “Se o processo não foi relatado, então ele não foi assinado”.

Com base nessas informações, julgue o item a seguir.


A proposição Q é equivalente à proposição “Se o processo foi relatado, então ele foi assinado”.

Alternativas
Q1616588 Raciocínio Lógico
Considere que as seguintes proposições sejam verdadeiras.


• P: “Se o processo foi relatado e foi assinado, então ele foi discutido em reunião”.

• Q: “Se o processo não foi relatado, então ele não foi assinado”.

Com base nessas informações, julgue o item a seguir.


O valor lógico da proposição Q→(P∨Q) é sempre verdadeiro.

Alternativas
Q1616587 Raciocínio Lógico
Considere que as seguintes proposições sejam verdadeiras.


• P: “Se o processo foi relatado e foi assinado, então ele foi discutido em reunião”.

• Q: “Se o processo não foi relatado, então ele não foi assinado”.

Com base nessas informações, julgue o item a seguir.


A proposição “Se o processo não foi discutido em reunião, então ele não foi assinado” é verdadeira.

Alternativas
Q1616586 Inglês
      With the exception of business owners and investors, most Brazilians looked for candidates who prioritized job creation and income generation, in the 2018 elections. According to a Brazilian Economic Outlook from the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), the economy sustained growth (albeit slow) for a while since the end of 2017, industrial production increased, and unemployment rates declined. Nevertheless, 13.4 million people remained jobless, particularly women, youth, and people of color; and growth rates were disappointing. A poll by Datafolha showed at the time that Brazilians’ perceptions of the economy were pessimistic: 72 percent of those surveyed felt the economic scenario had worsened in the last months. Similar to the reaction to corruption, this extremely negative perception of the socioeconomic environment could potentially further distance voters from the traditional government and their allies, turning voters toward “unconventional” candidates instead, who could represent a change in the status quo.

Idem. Ibidem (adapted).

Concerning the text presented above, judge the following items.


The authors claim that voters’ attitudes towards the economic situation at the time would lead to them identifying with candidates from traditional political parties.

Alternativas
Q1616585 Inglês
      With the exception of business owners and investors, most Brazilians looked for candidates who prioritized job creation and income generation, in the 2018 elections. According to a Brazilian Economic Outlook from the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), the economy sustained growth (albeit slow) for a while since the end of 2017, industrial production increased, and unemployment rates declined. Nevertheless, 13.4 million people remained jobless, particularly women, youth, and people of color; and growth rates were disappointing. A poll by Datafolha showed at the time that Brazilians’ perceptions of the economy were pessimistic: 72 percent of those surveyed felt the economic scenario had worsened in the last months. Similar to the reaction to corruption, this extremely negative perception of the socioeconomic environment could potentially further distance voters from the traditional government and their allies, turning voters toward “unconventional” candidates instead, who could represent a change in the status quo.

Idem. Ibidem (adapted).

Concerning the text presented above, judge the following items.


The article presents data from a survey that pointed to optimism about Brazil’s economic situation.

Alternativas
Q1616584 Inglês
      With the exception of business owners and investors, most Brazilians looked for candidates who prioritized job creation and income generation, in the 2018 elections. According to a Brazilian Economic Outlook from the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), the economy sustained growth (albeit slow) for a while since the end of 2017, industrial production increased, and unemployment rates declined. Nevertheless, 13.4 million people remained jobless, particularly women, youth, and people of color; and growth rates were disappointing. A poll by Datafolha showed at the time that Brazilians’ perceptions of the economy were pessimistic: 72 percent of those surveyed felt the economic scenario had worsened in the last months. Similar to the reaction to corruption, this extremely negative perception of the socioeconomic environment could potentially further distance voters from the traditional government and their allies, turning voters toward “unconventional” candidates instead, who could represent a change in the status quo.

Idem. Ibidem (adapted).

Concerning the text presented above, judge the following items.



According to the authors, unemployment in Brazil, at the time of publication, affected all gender and racial profiles equally.

Alternativas
Q1616583 Inglês
      With the exception of business owners and investors, most Brazilians looked for candidates who prioritized job creation and income generation, in the 2018 elections. According to a Brazilian Economic Outlook from the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), the economy sustained growth (albeit slow) for a while since the end of 2017, industrial production increased, and unemployment rates declined. Nevertheless, 13.4 million people remained jobless, particularly women, youth, and people of color; and growth rates were disappointing. A poll by Datafolha showed at the time that Brazilians’ perceptions of the economy were pessimistic: 72 percent of those surveyed felt the economic scenario had worsened in the last months. Similar to the reaction to corruption, this extremely negative perception of the socioeconomic environment could potentially further distance voters from the traditional government and their allies, turning voters toward “unconventional” candidates instead, who could represent a change in the status quo.

Idem. Ibidem (adapted).

Concerning the text presented above, judge the following items.


When the article was published, unemployment rates in Brazil had been going down.

Alternativas
Q1616582 Inglês
      With the exception of business owners and investors, most Brazilians looked for candidates who prioritized job creation and income generation, in the 2018 elections. According to a Brazilian Economic Outlook from the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), the economy sustained growth (albeit slow) for a while since the end of 2017, industrial production increased, and unemployment rates declined. Nevertheless, 13.4 million people remained jobless, particularly women, youth, and people of color; and growth rates were disappointing. A poll by Datafolha showed at the time that Brazilians’ perceptions of the economy were pessimistic: 72 percent of those surveyed felt the economic scenario had worsened in the last months. Similar to the reaction to corruption, this extremely negative perception of the socioeconomic environment could potentially further distance voters from the traditional government and their allies, turning voters toward “unconventional” candidates instead, who could represent a change in the status quo.

Idem. Ibidem (adapted).

Concerning the text presented above, judge the following items.


It can be concluded from the text that job creation was a priority for many Brazilian voters, in 2018.

Alternativas
Q1616581 Inglês
       Despite being the eighth largest economy in the world and the largest in Latin America, Brazil is still relatively closed compared to other large economies. Brazil is an outlier in that its trade penetration is extremely low, with trade at 24.1 percent of GDP in 2017. The number of exporters relative to the population is also very small: its absolute number of exporters is roughly the same as that of Norway, a country with approximately 5 million people compared to Brazil’s 200 million. While further integrating into the global economy could threaten uncompetitive companies and their workers, competitive businesses would most likely benefit. Brazil’s insertion would also allow the country to better leverage its competitive advantages, such as in natural resource-based industries.


Idem. Ibidem (adapted).

Judge the following items, based on the text above.


“Brazil” is the antecedent of the pronoun “its” in “its absolute number of exporters” (third sentence).

Alternativas
Q1616579 Inglês
       Despite being the eighth largest economy in the world and the largest in Latin America, Brazil is still relatively closed compared to other large economies. Brazil is an outlier in that its trade penetration is extremely low, with trade at 24.1 percent of GDP in 2017. The number of exporters relative to the population is also very small: its absolute number of exporters is roughly the same as that of Norway, a country with approximately 5 million people compared to Brazil’s 200 million. While further integrating into the global economy could threaten uncompetitive companies and their workers, competitive businesses would most likely benefit. Brazil’s insertion would also allow the country to better leverage its competitive advantages, such as in natural resource-based industries.


Idem. Ibidem (adapted).

Judge the following items, based on the text above.


The text cites Norway as an example of a country with a similar number of exporters and total population as Brazil.

Alternativas
Q1616578 Inglês
       Despite being the eighth largest economy in the world and the largest in Latin America, Brazil is still relatively closed compared to other large economies. Brazil is an outlier in that its trade penetration is extremely low, with trade at 24.1 percent of GDP in 2017. The number of exporters relative to the population is also very small: its absolute number of exporters is roughly the same as that of Norway, a country with approximately 5 million people compared to Brazil’s 200 million. While further integrating into the global economy could threaten uncompetitive companies and their workers, competitive businesses would most likely benefit. Brazil’s insertion would also allow the country to better leverage its competitive advantages, such as in natural resource-based industries.


Idem. Ibidem (adapted).

Judge the following items, based on the text above.


The authors present data that demonstrates that, when the text was written, Brazil participated in international commerce at the same level as other countries with robust economies.

Alternativas
Q1616577 Inglês
       Despite being the eighth largest economy in the world and the largest in Latin America, Brazil is still relatively closed compared to other large economies. Brazil is an outlier in that its trade penetration is extremely low, with trade at 24.1 percent of GDP in 2017. The number of exporters relative to the population is also very small: its absolute number of exporters is roughly the same as that of Norway, a country with approximately 5 million people compared to Brazil’s 200 million. While further integrating into the global economy could threaten uncompetitive companies and their workers, competitive businesses would most likely benefit. Brazil’s insertion would also allow the country to better leverage its competitive advantages, such as in natural resource-based industries.


Idem. Ibidem (adapted).

Judge the following items, based on the text above.


According to the text, at the time of publication, there were eight countries with economies larger than Brazil’s.

Alternativas
Q1616576 Inglês
    As a young democracy, Brazil has confronted economic and financial upheavals in the past. The country’s economic crisis of 2014—2017 saw a drastic fall in gross domestic product (GDP), stark rise in unemployment, a severe fiscal crisis, and an increased budget deficit. Since then, the economy has been a prominent issue in political conversations, especially regarding globalization and the ways in which trade liberalization can affect economic growth. Those running for office in 2018 differed slightly in this debate, and comparing the proposals and backgrounds of their economic advisors was as important as comparing the candidates themselves.


Lara Bartilotti Picanço, Mariana Nozela Prado & Andrew Allen.
Economy and Trade — Brazil 2018 Understanding
the Issues. August 14, 2018. Internet: <www.wilsoncenter.org> (adapted).

Considering the text above, judge the following item.


The authors of the text argue that during the 2018 election it was important for voters to learn about political candidates’ economic advisors.

Alternativas
Q1616574 Inglês
    As a young democracy, Brazil has confronted economic and financial upheavals in the past. The country’s economic crisis of 2014—2017 saw a drastic fall in gross domestic product (GDP), stark rise in unemployment, a severe fiscal crisis, and an increased budget deficit. Since then, the economy has been a prominent issue in political conversations, especially regarding globalization and the ways in which trade liberalization can affect economic growth. Those running for office in 2018 differed slightly in this debate, and comparing the proposals and backgrounds of their economic advisors was as important as comparing the candidates themselves.


Lara Bartilotti Picanço, Mariana Nozela Prado & Andrew Allen.
Economy and Trade — Brazil 2018 Understanding
the Issues. August 14, 2018. Internet: <www.wilsoncenter.org> (adapted).

Considering the text above, judge the following item. 


The adverb “then” (third sentence) substitutes the antecedent “The country’s economic crisis of 2014—2017” (second sentence).

Alternativas
Q1616573 Inglês
    As a young democracy, Brazil has confronted economic and financial upheavals in the past. The country’s economic crisis of 2014—2017 saw a drastic fall in gross domestic product (GDP), stark rise in unemployment, a severe fiscal crisis, and an increased budget deficit. Since then, the economy has been a prominent issue in political conversations, especially regarding globalization and the ways in which trade liberalization can affect economic growth. Those running for office in 2018 differed slightly in this debate, and comparing the proposals and backgrounds of their economic advisors was as important as comparing the candidates themselves.


Lara Bartilotti Picanço, Mariana Nozela Prado & Andrew Allen.
Economy and Trade — Brazil 2018 Understanding
the Issues. August 14, 2018. Internet: <www.wilsoncenter.org> (adapted).

Considering the text above, judge the following item.


The authors of the text state that, in the past, Brazil faced economic challenges.

Alternativas
Q1616572 Inglês
    As a young democracy, Brazil has confronted economic and financial upheavals in the past. The country’s economic crisis of 2014—2017 saw a drastic fall in gross domestic product (GDP), stark rise in unemployment, a severe fiscal crisis, and an increased budget deficit. Since then, the economy has been a prominent issue in political conversations, especially regarding globalization and the ways in which trade liberalization can affect economic growth. Those running for office in 2018 differed slightly in this debate, and comparing the proposals and backgrounds of their economic advisors was as important as comparing the candidates themselves.


Lara Bartilotti Picanço, Mariana Nozela Prado & Andrew Allen.
Economy and Trade — Brazil 2018 Understanding
the Issues. August 14, 2018. Internet: <www.wilsoncenter.org> (adapted).

Considering the text above, judge the following item.


According to the text, Brazil has a long history of democracy.

Alternativas
Q1616571 Português
       Quando eu era criança (e isso aconteceu em outro tempo e em outro espaço), não era incomum ouvir a pergunta “Quão longe é daqui até lá?” respondida por um “Mais ou menos uma hora, ou um pouco menos se você caminhar rápido”. Num tempo ainda anterior à minha infância, suponho que a resposta mais comum teria sido “Se você sair agora, estará lá por volta do meio-dia” ou “Melhor sair agora, se você quiser chegar antes que escureça”. Hoje em dia, pode-se ouvir ocasionalmente essas respostas. Mas serão normalmente precedidas por uma solicitação para ser mais específico: “Você vai de carro ou a pé?”.



      “Longe” e “tarde”, assim como “perto” e “cedo”, significavam quase a mesma coisa: exatamente quanto esforço seria necessário para que um ser humano percorresse uma certa distância — fosse caminhando, semeando ou arando. Se as pessoas fossem instadas a explicar o que entendiam por “espaço” e “tempo”, poderiam ter dito que “espaço” é o que se pode percorrer em certo tempo, e que “tempo” é o que se precisa para percorrê-lo. Se não fossem muito pressionados, porém, não entrariam no jogo da definição. E por que deveriam? A maioria das coisas que fazem parte da vida cotidiana são compreendidas razoavelmente até que se precise defini-las; e, a menos que solicitados, não precisaríamos defini-las. O modo como compreendíamos essas coisas que hoje tendemos a chamar de “espaço” e “tempo” era não apenas satisfatório, mas tão preciso quanto necessário, pois era o wetware — os humanos, os bois e os cavalos — que fazia o esforço e punha os limites. Um par de pernas humanas pode ser diferente de outros, mas a substituição de um par por outro não faria uma diferença suficientemente grande para requerer outras medidas além da capacidade dos músculos humanos.



Zygmunt Bauman. A modernidade como história do tempo. In: Modernidade líquida. Plínio Dentzien (Trad.). Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2001 (com adaptações).

A respeito das ideias e dos aspectos linguísticos do texto anterior, julgue o item seguinte.


No trecho “Um par de pernas humanas pode ser diferente de outros, mas a substituição de um par por outro não faria uma diferença suficientemente grande para requerer outras medidas além da capacidade dos músculos humanos”, no último período do texto, a substituição de “mas” por entretanto manteria a correção gramatical e a coerência do texto.

Alternativas
Q1616570 Português
       Quando eu era criança (e isso aconteceu em outro tempo e em outro espaço), não era incomum ouvir a pergunta “Quão longe é daqui até lá?” respondida por um “Mais ou menos uma hora, ou um pouco menos se você caminhar rápido”. Num tempo ainda anterior à minha infância, suponho que a resposta mais comum teria sido “Se você sair agora, estará lá por volta do meio-dia” ou “Melhor sair agora, se você quiser chegar antes que escureça”. Hoje em dia, pode-se ouvir ocasionalmente essas respostas. Mas serão normalmente precedidas por uma solicitação para ser mais específico: “Você vai de carro ou a pé?”.



      “Longe” e “tarde”, assim como “perto” e “cedo”, significavam quase a mesma coisa: exatamente quanto esforço seria necessário para que um ser humano percorresse uma certa distância — fosse caminhando, semeando ou arando. Se as pessoas fossem instadas a explicar o que entendiam por “espaço” e “tempo”, poderiam ter dito que “espaço” é o que se pode percorrer em certo tempo, e que “tempo” é o que se precisa para percorrê-lo. Se não fossem muito pressionados, porém, não entrariam no jogo da definição. E por que deveriam? A maioria das coisas que fazem parte da vida cotidiana são compreendidas razoavelmente até que se precise defini-las; e, a menos que solicitados, não precisaríamos defini-las. O modo como compreendíamos essas coisas que hoje tendemos a chamar de “espaço” e “tempo” era não apenas satisfatório, mas tão preciso quanto necessário, pois era o wetware — os humanos, os bois e os cavalos — que fazia o esforço e punha os limites. Um par de pernas humanas pode ser diferente de outros, mas a substituição de um par por outro não faria uma diferença suficientemente grande para requerer outras medidas além da capacidade dos músculos humanos.



Zygmunt Bauman. A modernidade como história do tempo. In: Modernidade líquida. Plínio Dentzien (Trad.). Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2001 (com adaptações).

A respeito das ideias e dos aspectos linguísticos do texto anterior, julgue o item seguinte.


A próclise observada em “se pode percorrer” e “se precisa”, no segundo período do segundo parágrafo do texto, é opcional, de modo que o emprego da ênclise nesses dois casos também seria correto: pode-se percorrer e precisa-se, respectivamente.

Alternativas
Respostas
461: E
462: C
463: E
464: C
465: C
466: E
467: E
468: E
469: C
470: C
471: C
472: E
473: E
474: E
475: C
476: C
477: C
478: E
479: C
480: E