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Making Performance Budgeting Work: New IMF Book
October 04, 2007
Member countries will find valuable advice on how to reform their budgeting practices to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of public expenditure in a major new work on performance budgeting produced by the Fiscal Affairs Department. The book,
Performance Budgeting: Linking Funding and Results (500pp), came off the presses of the top UK publisher Palgrave Macmillan in
September.
Edited by FAD staff member Marc Robinson, the book contains a comprehensive treatment of contemporary performance
budgeting practice and theory. In a series of thematic chapters and case studies, the book discusses:
- The key forms of performance budgeting which [TO IMPLEMENT] around the world - how they differ, and what they have in
common points.
- Lessons from the experience of governments around the world - ranging from OECD nations to developing, middle-income
and transition countries - about what forms of performance budgeting work, under what circumstances, and with what
implementation strategies.
- How successful performance budgeting can improve aggregate fiscal discipline.
- The information requirements of performance budgeting, and
- The links between performance budgeting and other budgeting and public management reforms.
Many of the contributors to this work are leaders in performance budgeting implementation in their countries. Others are
respected academics and technical experts from the International Monetary Fund and other international organizations. Countries
covered in the case studies include the UK, USA, Australia, France, Chile, Spain, Russia, Colombia and Ethiopia.
One major focus of the book is performance budgeting as a tool for improved expenditure prioritization - that is, for helping to
shift limited public resources to the services of greatest social benefit. A key finding is that this type of performance budgeting will only
work if the budget process is fundamentally changed so that top politicians and bureaucrats systematically consider expenditure
priorities when formulating the budget. This means more than just considering the priorities for new spending. It requires also having
mechanisms to systematically review existing spending programs to identify what is ineffective and low priority and can, therefore, be
cut. This is what countries such as Chile and the United Kingdom have successfully done, and the United States is currently attempting
to achieve with its Program Assessment Rating Tool instrument. Conversely, it is a mistake to believe that merely changing the budget
classification and developing performance indicators will in itself improve the allocation of resources in the budget.
(Adapted from http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2007/10/making-performa.html)
I. Making Performance Budgeting Work
II. ... is a major new work...
Leia as sentenças abaixo:
- This work is protected under copyright laws and reproduction is strictly prohibited.
- Institutions such as the rule of law will rarely work if they are simply copied from abroad.
- Theory of the Firm builds models to help explain how markets work.
- His new book is called " Making Our Democracy Work: A Judge's View."
- She wanted it to be the definitive work on the subject of voting and women's rights around the world.
A alternativa que representa a ordem correta em que os sentidos aparecem no conjunto das sentenças é
Making Performance Budgeting Work: New IMF Book
October 04, 2007
Member countries will find valuable advice on how to reform their budgeting practices to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of public expenditure in a major new work on performance budgeting produced by the Fiscal Affairs Department. The book,
Performance Budgeting: Linking Funding and Results (500pp), came off the presses of the top UK publisher Palgrave Macmillan in
September.
Edited by FAD staff member Marc Robinson, the book contains a comprehensive treatment of contemporary performance
budgeting practice and theory. In a series of thematic chapters and case studies, the book discusses:
- The key forms of performance budgeting which [TO IMPLEMENT] around the world - how they differ, and what they have in
common points.
- Lessons from the experience of governments around the world - ranging from OECD nations to developing, middle-income
and transition countries - about what forms of performance budgeting work, under what circumstances, and with what
implementation strategies.
- How successful performance budgeting can improve aggregate fiscal discipline.
- The information requirements of performance budgeting, and
- The links between performance budgeting and other budgeting and public management reforms.
Many of the contributors to this work are leaders in performance budgeting implementation in their countries. Others are
respected academics and technical experts from the International Monetary Fund and other international organizations. Countries
covered in the case studies include the UK, USA, Australia, France, Chile, Spain, Russia, Colombia and Ethiopia.
One major focus of the book is performance budgeting as a tool for improved expenditure prioritization - that is, for helping to
shift limited public resources to the services of greatest social benefit. A key finding is that this type of performance budgeting will only
work if the budget process is fundamentally changed so that top politicians and bureaucrats systematically consider expenditure
priorities when formulating the budget. This means more than just considering the priorities for new spending. It requires also having
mechanisms to systematically review existing spending programs to identify what is ineffective and low priority and can, therefore, be
cut. This is what countries such as Chile and the United Kingdom have successfully done, and the United States is currently attempting
to achieve with its Program Assessment Rating Tool instrument. Conversely, it is a mistake to believe that merely changing the budget
classification and developing performance indicators will in itself improve the allocation of resources in the budget.
(Adapted from http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2007/10/making-performa.html)
Making Performance Budgeting Work: New IMF Book
October 04, 2007
Member countries will find valuable advice on how to reform their budgeting practices to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of public expenditure in a major new work on performance budgeting produced by the Fiscal Affairs Department. The book,
Performance Budgeting: Linking Funding and Results (500pp), came off the presses of the top UK publisher Palgrave Macmillan in
September.
Edited by FAD staff member Marc Robinson, the book contains a comprehensive treatment of contemporary performance
budgeting practice and theory. In a series of thematic chapters and case studies, the book discusses:
- The key forms of performance budgeting which [TO IMPLEMENT] around the world - how they differ, and what they have in
common points.
- Lessons from the experience of governments around the world - ranging from OECD nations to developing, middle-income
and transition countries - about what forms of performance budgeting work, under what circumstances, and with what
implementation strategies.
- How successful performance budgeting can improve aggregate fiscal discipline.
- The information requirements of performance budgeting, and
- The links between performance budgeting and other budgeting and public management reforms.
Many of the contributors to this work are leaders in performance budgeting implementation in their countries. Others are
respected academics and technical experts from the International Monetary Fund and other international organizations. Countries
covered in the case studies include the UK, USA, Australia, France, Chile, Spain, Russia, Colombia and Ethiopia.
One major focus of the book is performance budgeting as a tool for improved expenditure prioritization - that is, for helping to
shift limited public resources to the services of greatest social benefit. A key finding is that this type of performance budgeting will only
work if the budget process is fundamentally changed so that top politicians and bureaucrats systematically consider expenditure
priorities when formulating the budget. This means more than just considering the priorities for new spending. It requires also having
mechanisms to systematically review existing spending programs to identify what is ineffective and low priority and can, therefore, be
cut. This is what countries such as Chile and the United Kingdom have successfully done, and the United States is currently attempting
to achieve with its Program Assessment Rating Tool instrument. Conversely, it is a mistake to believe that merely changing the budget
classification and developing performance indicators will in itself improve the allocation of resources in the budget.
(Adapted from http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2007/10/making-performa.html)
Making Performance Budgeting Work: New IMF Book
October 04, 2007
Member countries will find valuable advice on how to reform their budgeting practices to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of public expenditure in a major new work on performance budgeting produced by the Fiscal Affairs Department. The book,
Performance Budgeting: Linking Funding and Results (500pp), came off the presses of the top UK publisher Palgrave Macmillan in
September.
Edited by FAD staff member Marc Robinson, the book contains a comprehensive treatment of contemporary performance
budgeting practice and theory. In a series of thematic chapters and case studies, the book discusses:
- The key forms of performance budgeting which [TO IMPLEMENT] around the world - how they differ, and what they have in
common points.
- Lessons from the experience of governments around the world - ranging from OECD nations to developing, middle-income
and transition countries - about what forms of performance budgeting work, under what circumstances, and with what
implementation strategies.
- How successful performance budgeting can improve aggregate fiscal discipline.
- The information requirements of performance budgeting, and
- The links between performance budgeting and other budgeting and public management reforms.
Many of the contributors to this work are leaders in performance budgeting implementation in their countries. Others are
respected academics and technical experts from the International Monetary Fund and other international organizations. Countries
covered in the case studies include the UK, USA, Australia, France, Chile, Spain, Russia, Colombia and Ethiopia.
One major focus of the book is performance budgeting as a tool for improved expenditure prioritization - that is, for helping to
shift limited public resources to the services of greatest social benefit. A key finding is that this type of performance budgeting will only
work if the budget process is fundamentally changed so that top politicians and bureaucrats systematically consider expenditure
priorities when formulating the budget. This means more than just considering the priorities for new spending. It requires also having
mechanisms to systematically review existing spending programs to identify what is ineffective and low priority and can, therefore, be
cut. This is what countries such as Chile and the United Kingdom have successfully done, and the United States is currently attempting
to achieve with its Program Assessment Rating Tool instrument. Conversely, it is a mistake to believe that merely changing the budget
classification and developing performance indicators will in itself improve the allocation of resources in the budget.
(Adapted from http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2007/10/making-performa.html)
Tememos o acaso. Ele irrompe de forma inesperada e imprevisível em nossa vida, expondo nossa impotência contra forças
desconhecidas que anulam tudo aquilo que trabalhosamente penamos para organizar e construir. Seu caráter aleatório e gratuito
rompe com as leis de causa e efeito com as quais procuramos lidar com a realidade, deixando-nos desarmados e atônitos frente à
emergência de algo que está além de nossa compreensão, que evidencia uma desordem contra a qual não temos recursos. O acaso
deixa à mostra a assustadora falta de sentido que jaz no fundo das coisas e que tentamos camuflar, revestindo-a com nossas
certezas e objetivos, com nossa apreensão lógica do mundo.
Procuramos estratégias para lidar com essa dimensão da realidade que nos inquieta e desestabiliza. Alguns, sem negar sua
existência, planejam suas vidas, torcendo para que ela não interfira de forma excessiva em seus projetos. Outros, mais infantis e
supersticiosos, tentam esconjurá-la, usando fórmulas mágicas. Os mais religiosos simplesmente não acreditam no acaso, pois creem
que tudo o que acontece em suas vidas decorre diretamente da vontade de um deus. Aquilo que alguns considerariam como a
manifestação do acaso, para eles são provações que esse deus lhes envia para testar-lhes sua fé e obediência.
São defesas necessárias para continuarmos a viver. Se a ideia de que estamos à mercê de acontecimentos incontroláveis que
podem transformar nossas vidas de modo radical e irreversível estivesse permanentemente presente em nossas mentes, o terror nos
paralisaria e nada mais faríamos a não ser pensar na iminência das catástrofes possíveis.
Entretanto, tem um tipo de homem que age de forma diversa. Ao invés de fugir do acaso, ele o convoca constantemente. É o
viciado em jogos de azar. O jogador invoca e provoca o acaso, desafiando-o em suas apostas, numa tentativa de dominá-lo, de curvá-
lo, de vencê-lo. E também de aprisioná-lo. É como se, paradoxalmente, o jogador temesse tanto a presença do acaso nos demais
recantos da vida, que pretendesse prendê-lo, restringi-lo, confiná-lo à cena do jogo, acreditando que dessa forma o controla e anula
seu poder.
(Trecho de artigo de Sérgio Telles. O Estado de S. Paulo, 26 de novembro de 2011, D12, C2+música)
Tememos o acaso. Ele irrompe de forma inesperada e imprevisível em nossa vida, expondo nossa impotência contra forças
desconhecidas que anulam tudo aquilo que trabalhosamente penamos para organizar e construir. Seu caráter aleatório e gratuito
rompe com as leis de causa e efeito com as quais procuramos lidar com a realidade, deixando-nos desarmados e atônitos frente à
emergência de algo que está além de nossa compreensão, que evidencia uma desordem contra a qual não temos recursos. O acaso
deixa à mostra a assustadora falta de sentido que jaz no fundo das coisas e que tentamos camuflar, revestindo-a com nossas
certezas e objetivos, com nossa apreensão lógica do mundo.
Procuramos estratégias para lidar com essa dimensão da realidade que nos inquieta e desestabiliza. Alguns, sem negar sua
existência, planejam suas vidas, torcendo para que ela não interfira de forma excessiva em seus projetos. Outros, mais infantis e
supersticiosos, tentam esconjurá-la, usando fórmulas mágicas. Os mais religiosos simplesmente não acreditam no acaso, pois creem
que tudo o que acontece em suas vidas decorre diretamente da vontade de um deus. Aquilo que alguns considerariam como a
manifestação do acaso, para eles são provações que esse deus lhes envia para testar-lhes sua fé e obediência.
São defesas necessárias para continuarmos a viver. Se a ideia de que estamos à mercê de acontecimentos incontroláveis que
podem transformar nossas vidas de modo radical e irreversível estivesse permanentemente presente em nossas mentes, o terror nos
paralisaria e nada mais faríamos a não ser pensar na iminência das catástrofes possíveis.
Entretanto, tem um tipo de homem que age de forma diversa. Ao invés de fugir do acaso, ele o convoca constantemente. É o
viciado em jogos de azar. O jogador invoca e provoca o acaso, desafiando-o em suas apostas, numa tentativa de dominá-lo, de curvá-
lo, de vencê-lo. E também de aprisioná-lo. É como se, paradoxalmente, o jogador temesse tanto a presença do acaso nos demais
recantos da vida, que pretendesse prendê-lo, restringi-lo, confiná-lo à cena do jogo, acreditando que dessa forma o controla e anula
seu poder.
(Trecho de artigo de Sérgio Telles. O Estado de S. Paulo, 26 de novembro de 2011, D12, C2+música)
Há relação de causa e efeito no desenvolvimento do texto entre as situações que aparecem em:
Quando se tem em conta que 50% do território nacional é ocupado pelo bioma Amazônia e que 60% do potencial elétrico do
país ainda por aproveitar se localiza nessa área, pode-se intuir as dificuldades que enfrenta a expansão da hidreletricidade no Brasil.
De fato, a Amazônia é, de um lado, um bioma reconhecidamente sensível e de elevado interesse ambiental. De outro, constitui a
fronteira hidrelétrica, ainda que nem todo o potencial lá existente venha a ser desenvolvido.
As questões que se contrapõem são basicamente duas: 1) Pode o país abrir mão de preservar a Amazônia, de cuidar
soberanamente das suas fragilidades e de toda a riqueza de sua biodiversidade, e de deixar um legado de interesse para toda a
humanidade?; 2) Pode o país abrir mão de uma vantagem competitiva relevante representada pela hidreletricidade, sendo esta uma
opção energética limpa, renovável, barata e de elevado conteúdo nacional, o que significa baixa emissão de carbono, geração de
empregos e dinamismo econômico doméstico?
Sem dúvida, não podemos abrir mão de nenhum dos dois objetivos. Análise rasa baseada em uma ótica ultrapassada, na qual
projetos hidrelétricos provocam necessariamente impactos ambientais irrecuperáveis e não compensáveis, sugere que esse duplo
objetivo é inatingível. Mas isso não tem de ser assim. Projetos hidrelétricos, quando instalados em áreas habitadas, podem constituir-
se em vetores do desenvolvimento regional. Quando instalados em áreas não habitadas podem constituir-se em vetores de
preservação dos ambientes naturais.
Por óbvio, qualquer projeto hidrelétrico deve cuidar para que os impactos ambientais sejam mitigados e compensados.
Conciliar as duas questões básicas é possível. Demanda inovação, novas soluções construtivas, esquemas operativos diferenciados,
dentificação de áreas a serem preservadas, responsabilização dos atores envolvidos, vontade política e ampla discussão da
sociedade - são esforços que podem ser feitos na direção de conciliar os imperativos de se preservar a Amazônia e desenvolver seu
potencial elétrico.
Por fim, não é demais lembrar que renunciar a esse potencial significa decidir que a expansão do consumo de energia dos
brasileiros será atendida por outras fontes, não necessariamente mais competitivas ou de menor impacto ambiental.
(Maurício Tolmasquim. CartaCapital, 7 de setembro de 2011. p.61, com adaptações)
Transposta para a voz ativa, a forma verbal grifada acima passará a ser: