Questões de Concurso Comentadas para engenheiro júnior

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Q2281500 Engenharia de Petróleo

No que se refere à corrosão, a processos de deterioração e à resistência dos materiais, julgue o item seguinte. 


A taxa de corrosão pode aumentar devido à temperatura, o que aumenta a velocidade das reações químicas à mudança de composição dada a concentração da espécie corrosiva. 

Alternativas
Q2281499 Engenharia de Petróleo
        Um duto de transporte de gás natural, fabricado em aço inoxidável austenítico, com comprimento de 300 km, sofreu um abalo sísmico natural nas proximidades do quilômetro 100, em relação ao ponto inicial de escoamento do gás. Com o intuito de avaliar possíveis danos, foram realizados ensaios não destrutivos nos dutos. 

A partir da situação hipotética precedente, julgue o seguinte item, com base nas técnicas de ensaios não destrutivos.


A observação visual das conexões soldadas e das conexões com flanges em dutos é feita para a verificação da presença de trincas nesses elementos.

Alternativas
Q2281497 Engenharia de Petróleo
        Um duto de transporte de gás natural, fabricado em aço inoxidável austenítico, com comprimento de 300 km, sofreu um abalo sísmico natural nas proximidades do quilômetro 100, em relação ao ponto inicial de escoamento do gás. Com o intuito de avaliar possíveis danos, foram realizados ensaios não destrutivos nos dutos. 

A partir da situação hipotética precedente, julgue o seguinte item, com base nas técnicas de ensaios não destrutivos.


A aplicação de um fluido sob pressão no interior do duto, como líquidos ou gases, permite a identificação de vazamentos devido às trincas produzidas nas conexões soldadas e nas conexões com flanges.

Alternativas
Q2281495 Engenharia de Petróleo
        Um duto de transporte de gás natural, fabricado em aço inoxidável austenítico, com comprimento de 300 km, sofreu um abalo sísmico natural nas proximidades do quilômetro 100, em relação ao ponto inicial de escoamento do gás. Com o intuito de avaliar possíveis danos, foram realizados ensaios não destrutivos nos dutos. 

A partir da situação hipotética precedente, julgue o seguinte item, com base nas técnicas de ensaios não destrutivos.


A aplicação do ensaio de ultrassom é limitada pelas dimensões do equipamento, cujo porte dificulta seu transporte até o local dos dutos.

Alternativas
Q2281492 Engenharia de Petróleo

Julgue o próximo item, a respeito das normas e regulamentos técnicos relacionados a dutos terrestres para a movimentação de petróleo, derivados e gás natural.  


Segundo a norma regulamentadora NR-13, as caldeiras, os vasos de pressão, as tubulações e os tanques metálicos devem ser submetidos a um rigoroso controle da gestão desde o projeto até a manutenção e inspeção.  

Alternativas
Q2281491 Engenharia de Petróleo

Julgue o próximo item, a respeito das normas e regulamentos técnicos relacionados a dutos terrestres para a movimentação de petróleo, derivados e gás natural.  


A norma regulamentadora NR-13 define os requisitos mínimos para implementação do programa e do plano de inspeção de tubulações, explicitando as variáveis que devem ser reportadas.

Alternativas
Q2281485 Engenharia de Petróleo

Acerca dos processos de fabricação de tubulações de gasodutos, julgue o item subsequente. 


Produtos fabricados com ferro gusa contêm elevado teor de carbono e de impurezas, que são resultantes da transformação de minério de ferro, carvão e calcário durante a operação do alto forno.

Alternativas
Q2281249 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


Graduate students are people studying for a master’s degree or doctorate.

Alternativas
Q2281248 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


The word “physicists” means “medical doctors”. 

Alternativas
Q2281247 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


The word “installment” (first sentence of the first paragraph) means, in the context of text CB1A2-I, “to make it ready to use”.

Alternativas
Q2281246 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


The word “overshadowed” (first sentence of the second paragraph) means, in the context of text CB1A2-I, “made less noticeable”. 

Alternativas
Q2281245 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)
Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.
The pronoun “they” (last sentence of the last paragraph) refers to the word “assumptions”.
Alternativas
Q2281244 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


Hartland Snyder helped Oppenheimer write his least relevant paper in physics.

Alternativas
Q2281243 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


The word “war” (first sentence of the second paragraph) refers to any war.

Alternativas
Q2281242 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


With the help of his students, Oppenheimer could easily shift from one research topic to another.

Alternativas
Q2281241 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


According to Cathryn Carson, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes was meaningless at the time it was developed.

Alternativas
Q2281240 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


Oppenheimer’s paper on black holes received little attention at the time it was published.

Alternativas
Q2281239 Português
Texto CB1A1-I

        Os testes econométricos realizados para o estado de São Paulo mostram que a disponibilidade de gás natural teve importância na localização industrial. Tal resultado é corroborado pela avaliação de que seu efeito impacta mais a indústria consumidora intensiva do que a média das indústrias.
        Por outro lado, esta análise também está limitada pelo conjunto de variáveis disponíveis para controle. Embora tenham sido incluídas no modelo variáveis fundamentais no processo de localização, é inevitável que haja um grupo de variáveis omitidas. Citam-se, por exemplo, a relação entre os preços dos energéticos, as questões tributárias, a proximidade com pontos de exportação e com outras fontes de insumos importantes.
        Essa constatação, por sua vez, não diminui a relevância dos testes produzidos. Ao contrário, se se pode provar que a malha de gasodutos do país serve como fator de atração de atividade econômica, pode-se apontar mais uma possibilidade de atuação do setor público no intuito de garantir um processo de desconcentração econômica mais efetiva no país. A construção de uma malha mais eficiente e abrangente surge, portanto, como um importante desafio a ser considerado no planejamento energético nacional.

Edgar Antonio Perlotti et al. Concentração espacial da indústria de São Paulo: evidências sobre o papel da disponibilidade de gás natural. Energia e ambiente. 30 (87), maio-ago./2016 (com adaptações).

Considerando as relações de concordância verbal estabelecidas no texto CB1A1-I, julgue o próximo item.


A forma verbal que inicia o último período do segundo parágrafo está na voz passiva pronominal e sua flexão na terceira pessoa do plural justifica-se pelo fato de o sujeito ser composto.

Alternativas
Q2281238 Português
Texto CB1A1-I

        Os testes econométricos realizados para o estado de São Paulo mostram que a disponibilidade de gás natural teve importância na localização industrial. Tal resultado é corroborado pela avaliação de que seu efeito impacta mais a indústria consumidora intensiva do que a média das indústrias.
        Por outro lado, esta análise também está limitada pelo conjunto de variáveis disponíveis para controle. Embora tenham sido incluídas no modelo variáveis fundamentais no processo de localização, é inevitável que haja um grupo de variáveis omitidas. Citam-se, por exemplo, a relação entre os preços dos energéticos, as questões tributárias, a proximidade com pontos de exportação e com outras fontes de insumos importantes.
        Essa constatação, por sua vez, não diminui a relevância dos testes produzidos. Ao contrário, se se pode provar que a malha de gasodutos do país serve como fator de atração de atividade econômica, pode-se apontar mais uma possibilidade de atuação do setor público no intuito de garantir um processo de desconcentração econômica mais efetiva no país. A construção de uma malha mais eficiente e abrangente surge, portanto, como um importante desafio a ser considerado no planejamento energético nacional.

Edgar Antonio Perlotti et al. Concentração espacial da indústria de São Paulo: evidências sobre o papel da disponibilidade de gás natural. Energia e ambiente. 30 (87), maio-ago./2016 (com adaptações).

Considerando as relações de concordância verbal estabelecidas no texto CB1A1-I, julgue o próximo item.


Estaria mantida a correção gramatical do texto caso a forma verbal “serve” (segundo período do último parágrafo) fosse flexionada na terceira pessoa do plural — servem —, dada a possibilidade de concordância verbal com o termo mais próximo, “gasodutos”.

Alternativas
Q2281237 Português
Texto CB1A1-I

        Os testes econométricos realizados para o estado de São Paulo mostram que a disponibilidade de gás natural teve importância na localização industrial. Tal resultado é corroborado pela avaliação de que seu efeito impacta mais a indústria consumidora intensiva do que a média das indústrias.
        Por outro lado, esta análise também está limitada pelo conjunto de variáveis disponíveis para controle. Embora tenham sido incluídas no modelo variáveis fundamentais no processo de localização, é inevitável que haja um grupo de variáveis omitidas. Citam-se, por exemplo, a relação entre os preços dos energéticos, as questões tributárias, a proximidade com pontos de exportação e com outras fontes de insumos importantes.
        Essa constatação, por sua vez, não diminui a relevância dos testes produzidos. Ao contrário, se se pode provar que a malha de gasodutos do país serve como fator de atração de atividade econômica, pode-se apontar mais uma possibilidade de atuação do setor público no intuito de garantir um processo de desconcentração econômica mais efetiva no país. A construção de uma malha mais eficiente e abrangente surge, portanto, como um importante desafio a ser considerado no planejamento energético nacional.

Edgar Antonio Perlotti et al. Concentração espacial da indústria de São Paulo: evidências sobre o papel da disponibilidade de gás natural. Energia e ambiente. 30 (87), maio-ago./2016 (com adaptações).

Considerando as relações de concordância verbal estabelecidas no texto CB1A1-I, julgue o próximo item.


No segundo período do segundo parágrafo, a supressão do segmento “um grupo de” ensejaria que a forma verbal “haja” fosse flexionada no plural — hajam —, para a adequada concordância com o termo “variáveis”. 

Alternativas
Respostas
161: C
162: C
163: C
164: E
165: C
166: C
167: C
168: C
169: E
170: E
171: C
172: E
173: E
174: E
175: C
176: E
177: C
178: C
179: E
180: E