Questões de Concurso

The Reasons Why We Dance

1. As a choreographer, I get asked to share my opinion about a myriad of dance-related
2. topics, from the practical, like “How can dance help you get in shape?” to the existential, like “Is
3. my dancing a projection of my self-image?”. But the question I think matters most is: why do
4. people dance? What is about moving our bodies to a song we love that is so joyfully Pavlovian?
5. Why do we watch videos and take lessons on something that could be labeled as trivial? Why do
6. we love it so?
7. There are the obvious answers. We dance for physical fitness, mental clarity, emotional
8. stability, and other such pluses. However, all these benefits could be attained by other means –
9. though I confess I have yet to find a better alternative than a great “cha cha”* to lift both one’s
10. heart rate and spirits. There must be something glorious about dancing that is more than just
11. intangible. We cannot seem to explain it, yet we all know it so well that we do not hesitate to
12. tap our feet to a Gershwin melody or pulse with the percussion of a samba rhythm.
13. Perhaps dance is the way we express ourselves when words are insufficient. The joy we
14. feel over newfound love, the determination we have in the face of great sorrow or adversity, the
15. passionate fire of our youth, and the peacefulness of our softer and more graceful years – maybe
16. they are never expressed more fully than through a waltz, or a tango, or a jive. We all want to
17. be understood, and if we could truly speak the words that describe our feelings, how deep and
18. powerful they would surely be. But alas, those words never seem to come to us just right. Maybe
19. dance is simply a translator for the human heart.
20. Perhaps dance is the medium through which we show the world who we truly are and who
21. we can be. All of us, if we are honest, believe deep down that we are not ordinary. We know
22. ourselves to be wonderfully unique, with many layers of personality and talent woven in such a
23. way that no one on earth could possibly have our same make-up. We know it. We just do not
24. always know how to prove it. Maybe dance gives us the opportunity. And perhaps dance is how
25. we choose to remember, how we hold on to the past. It is how we relive __ fun-filled days of
26. our youth or __ time we looked into their eyes and knew they were the one. It is our tribute to
27. the heroes of yesterday who jitterbugged like carefree boys and girls, when tomorrow they would
28. march as men and women to defend freedom’s cause. It is the chance to be __ princess again,
29. waiting for __ outstretched hand and the call to __ romance that is graceful, true, and not as
30. forgotten as the cynics say. When we dance, we can remember them all a little better, feel the
31. butterflies once again, and if only for a moment, return to the purest part of our lives when time
32. was of no matter…for we were dancing.
33. Why do we dance? Every answer will be different, and that is as it should be. Perhaps the
34. better question is, “Why would we not?”

*Cha Cha: an energetic modern dance.

(Available in: https://dancewithmeusa.com/why-we-dance-the-reasons/ – text especially adapted for this test).

The Reasons Why We Dance

1. As a choreographer, I get asked to share my opinion about a myriad of dance-related
2. topics, from the practical, like “How can dance help you get in shape?” to the existential, like “Is
3. my dancing a projection of my self-image?”. But the question I think matters most is: why do
4. people dance? What is about moving our bodies to a song we love that is so joyfully Pavlovian?
5. Why do we watch videos and take lessons on something that could be labeled as trivial? Why do
6. we love it so?
7. There are the obvious answers. We dance for physical fitness, mental clarity, emotional
8. stability, and other such pluses. However, all these benefits could be attained by other means –
9. though I confess I have yet to find a better alternative than a great “cha cha”* to lift both one’s
10. heart rate and spirits. There must be something glorious about dancing that is more than just
11. intangible. We cannot seem to explain it, yet we all know it so well that we do not hesitate to
12. tap our feet to a Gershwin melody or pulse with the percussion of a samba rhythm.
13. Perhaps dance is the way we express ourselves when words are insufficient. The joy we
14. feel over newfound love, the determination we have in the face of great sorrow or adversity, the
15. passionate fire of our youth, and the peacefulness of our softer and more graceful years – maybe
16. they are never expressed more fully than through a waltz, or a tango, or a jive. We all want to
17. be understood, and if we could truly speak the words that describe our feelings, how deep and
18. powerful they would surely be. But alas, those words never seem to come to us just right. Maybe
19. dance is simply a translator for the human heart.
20. Perhaps dance is the medium through which we show the world who we truly are and who
21. we can be. All of us, if we are honest, believe deep down that we are not ordinary. We know
22. ourselves to be wonderfully unique, with many layers of personality and talent woven in such a
23. way that no one on earth could possibly have our same make-up. We know it. We just do not
24. always know how to prove it. Maybe dance gives us the opportunity. And perhaps dance is how
25. we choose to remember, how we hold on to the past. It is how we relive __ fun-filled days of
26. our youth or __ time we looked into their eyes and knew they were the one. It is our tribute to
27. the heroes of yesterday who jitterbugged like carefree boys and girls, when tomorrow they would
28. march as men and women to defend freedom’s cause. It is the chance to be __ princess again,
29. waiting for __ outstretched hand and the call to __ romance that is graceful, true, and not as
30. forgotten as the cynics say. When we dance, we can remember them all a little better, feel the
31. butterflies once again, and if only for a moment, return to the purest part of our lives when time
32. was of no matter…for we were dancing.
33. Why do we dance? Every answer will be different, and that is as it should be. Perhaps the
34. better question is, “Why would we not?”

*Cha Cha: an energetic modern dance.

(Available in: https://dancewithmeusa.com/why-we-dance-the-reasons/ – text especially adapted for this test).

The Reasons Why We Dance

1. As a choreographer, I get asked to share my opinion about a myriad of dance-related
2. topics, from the practical, like “How can dance help you get in shape?” to the existential, like “Is
3. my dancing a projection of my self-image?”. But the question I think matters most is: why do
4. people dance? What is about moving our bodies to a song we love that is so joyfully Pavlovian?
5. Why do we watch videos and take lessons on something that could be labeled as trivial? Why do
6. we love it so?
7. There are the obvious answers. We dance for physical fitness, mental clarity, emotional
8. stability, and other such pluses. However, all these benefits could be attained by other means –
9. though I confess I have yet to find a better alternative than a great “cha cha”* to lift both one’s
10. heart rate and spirits. There must be something glorious about dancing that is more than just
11. intangible. We cannot seem to explain it, yet we all know it so well that we do not hesitate to
12. tap our feet to a Gershwin melody or pulse with the percussion of a samba rhythm.
13. Perhaps dance is the way we express ourselves when words are insufficient. The joy we
14. feel over newfound love, the determination we have in the face of great sorrow or adversity, the
15. passionate fire of our youth, and the peacefulness of our softer and more graceful years – maybe
16. they are never expressed more fully than through a waltz, or a tango, or a jive. We all want to
17. be understood, and if we could truly speak the words that describe our feelings, how deep and
18. powerful they would surely be. But alas, those words never seem to come to us just right. Maybe
19. dance is simply a translator for the human heart.
20. Perhaps dance is the medium through which we show the world who we truly are and who
21. we can be. All of us, if we are honest, believe deep down that we are not ordinary. We know
22. ourselves to be wonderfully unique, with many layers of personality and talent woven in such a
23. way that no one on earth could possibly have our same make-up. We know it. We just do not
24. always know how to prove it. Maybe dance gives us the opportunity. And perhaps dance is how
25. we choose to remember, how we hold on to the past. It is how we relive __ fun-filled days of
26. our youth or __ time we looked into their eyes and knew they were the one. It is our tribute to
27. the heroes of yesterday who jitterbugged like carefree boys and girls, when tomorrow they would
28. march as men and women to defend freedom’s cause. It is the chance to be __ princess again,
29. waiting for __ outstretched hand and the call to __ romance that is graceful, true, and not as
30. forgotten as the cynics say. When we dance, we can remember them all a little better, feel the
31. butterflies once again, and if only for a moment, return to the purest part of our lives when time
32. was of no matter…for we were dancing.
33. Why do we dance? Every answer will be different, and that is as it should be. Perhaps the
34. better question is, “Why would we not?”

*Cha Cha: an energetic modern dance.

(Available in: https://dancewithmeusa.com/why-we-dance-the-reasons/ – text especially adapted for this test).

The Reasons Why We Dance

1. As a choreographer, I get asked to share my opinion about a myriad of dance-related
2. topics, from the practical, like “How can dance help you get in shape?” to the existential, like “Is
3. my dancing a projection of my self-image?”. But the question I think matters most is: why do
4. people dance? What is about moving our bodies to a song we love that is so joyfully Pavlovian?
5. Why do we watch videos and take lessons on something that could be labeled as trivial? Why do
6. we love it so?
7. There are the obvious answers. We dance for physical fitness, mental clarity, emotional
8. stability, and other such pluses. However, all these benefits could be attained by other means –
9. though I confess I have yet to find a better alternative than a great “cha cha”* to lift both one’s
10. heart rate and spirits. There must be something glorious about dancing that is more than just
11. intangible. We cannot seem to explain it, yet we all know it so well that we do not hesitate to
12. tap our feet to a Gershwin melody or pulse with the percussion of a samba rhythm.
13. Perhaps dance is the way we express ourselves when words are insufficient. The joy we
14. feel over newfound love, the determination we have in the face of great sorrow or adversity, the
15. passionate fire of our youth, and the peacefulness of our softer and more graceful years – maybe
16. they are never expressed more fully than through a waltz, or a tango, or a jive. We all want to
17. be understood, and if we could truly speak the words that describe our feelings, how deep and
18. powerful they would surely be. But alas, those words never seem to come to us just right. Maybe
19. dance is simply a translator for the human heart.
20. Perhaps dance is the medium through which we show the world who we truly are and who
21. we can be. All of us, if we are honest, believe deep down that we are not ordinary. We know
22. ourselves to be wonderfully unique, with many layers of personality and talent woven in such a
23. way that no one on earth could possibly have our same make-up. We know it. We just do not
24. always know how to prove it. Maybe dance gives us the opportunity. And perhaps dance is how
25. we choose to remember, how we hold on to the past. It is how we relive __ fun-filled days of
26. our youth or __ time we looked into their eyes and knew they were the one. It is our tribute to
27. the heroes of yesterday who jitterbugged like carefree boys and girls, when tomorrow they would
28. march as men and women to defend freedom’s cause. It is the chance to be __ princess again,
29. waiting for __ outstretched hand and the call to __ romance that is graceful, true, and not as
30. forgotten as the cynics say. When we dance, we can remember them all a little better, feel the
31. butterflies once again, and if only for a moment, return to the purest part of our lives when time
32. was of no matter…for we were dancing.
33. Why do we dance? Every answer will be different, and that is as it should be. Perhaps the
34. better question is, “Why would we not?”

*Cha Cha: an energetic modern dance.

(Available in: https://dancewithmeusa.com/why-we-dance-the-reasons/ – text especially adapted for this test).

The Reasons Why We Dance

1. As a choreographer, I get asked to share my opinion about a myriad of dance-related
2. topics, from the practical, like “How can dance help you get in shape?” to the existential, like “Is
3. my dancing a projection of my self-image?”. But the question I think matters most is: why do
4. people dance? What is about moving our bodies to a song we love that is so joyfully Pavlovian?
5. Why do we watch videos and take lessons on something that could be labeled as trivial? Why do
6. we love it so?
7. There are the obvious answers. We dance for physical fitness, mental clarity, emotional
8. stability, and other such pluses. However, all these benefits could be attained by other means –
9. though I confess I have yet to find a better alternative than a great “cha cha”* to lift both one’s
10. heart rate and spirits. There must be something glorious about dancing that is more than just
11. intangible. We cannot seem to explain it, yet we all know it so well that we do not hesitate to
12. tap our feet to a Gershwin melody or pulse with the percussion of a samba rhythm.
13. Perhaps dance is the way we express ourselves when words are insufficient. The joy we
14. feel over newfound love, the determination we have in the face of great sorrow or adversity, the
15. passionate fire of our youth, and the peacefulness of our softer and more graceful years – maybe
16. they are never expressed more fully than through a waltz, or a tango, or a jive. We all want to
17. be understood, and if we could truly speak the words that describe our feelings, how deep and
18. powerful they would surely be. But alas, those words never seem to come to us just right. Maybe
19. dance is simply a translator for the human heart.
20. Perhaps dance is the medium through which we show the world who we truly are and who
21. we can be. All of us, if we are honest, believe deep down that we are not ordinary. We know
22. ourselves to be wonderfully unique, with many layers of personality and talent woven in such a
23. way that no one on earth could possibly have our same make-up. We know it. We just do not
24. always know how to prove it. Maybe dance gives us the opportunity. And perhaps dance is how
25. we choose to remember, how we hold on to the past. It is how we relive __ fun-filled days of
26. our youth or __ time we looked into their eyes and knew they were the one. It is our tribute to
27. the heroes of yesterday who jitterbugged like carefree boys and girls, when tomorrow they would
28. march as men and women to defend freedom’s cause. It is the chance to be __ princess again,
29. waiting for __ outstretched hand and the call to __ romance that is graceful, true, and not as
30. forgotten as the cynics say. When we dance, we can remember them all a little better, feel the
31. butterflies once again, and if only for a moment, return to the purest part of our lives when time
32. was of no matter…for we were dancing.
33. Why do we dance? Every answer will be different, and that is as it should be. Perhaps the
34. better question is, “Why would we not?”

*Cha Cha: an energetic modern dance.

(Available in: https://dancewithmeusa.com/why-we-dance-the-reasons/ – text especially adapted for this test).

The Reasons Why We Dance

1. As a choreographer, I get asked to share my opinion about a myriad of dance-related
2. topics, from the practical, like “How can dance help you get in shape?” to the existential, like “Is
3. my dancing a projection of my self-image?”. But the question I think matters most is: why do
4. people dance? What is about moving our bodies to a song we love that is so joyfully Pavlovian?
5. Why do we watch videos and take lessons on something that could be labeled as trivial? Why do
6. we love it so?
7. There are the obvious answers. We dance for physical fitness, mental clarity, emotional
8. stability, and other such pluses. However, all these benefits could be attained by other means –
9. though I confess I have yet to find a better alternative than a great “cha cha”* to lift both one’s
10. heart rate and spirits. There must be something glorious about dancing that is more than just
11. intangible. We cannot seem to explain it, yet we all know it so well that we do not hesitate to
12. tap our feet to a Gershwin melody or pulse with the percussion of a samba rhythm.
13. Perhaps dance is the way we express ourselves when words are insufficient. The joy we
14. feel over newfound love, the determination we have in the face of great sorrow or adversity, the
15. passionate fire of our youth, and the peacefulness of our softer and more graceful years – maybe
16. they are never expressed more fully than through a waltz, or a tango, or a jive. We all want to
17. be understood, and if we could truly speak the words that describe our feelings, how deep and
18. powerful they would surely be. But alas, those words never seem to come to us just right. Maybe
19. dance is simply a translator for the human heart.
20. Perhaps dance is the medium through which we show the world who we truly are and who
21. we can be. All of us, if we are honest, believe deep down that we are not ordinary. We know
22. ourselves to be wonderfully unique, with many layers of personality and talent woven in such a
23. way that no one on earth could possibly have our same make-up. We know it. We just do not
24. always know how to prove it. Maybe dance gives us the opportunity. And perhaps dance is how
25. we choose to remember, how we hold on to the past. It is how we relive __ fun-filled days of
26. our youth or __ time we looked into their eyes and knew they were the one. It is our tribute to
27. the heroes of yesterday who jitterbugged like carefree boys and girls, when tomorrow they would
28. march as men and women to defend freedom’s cause. It is the chance to be __ princess again,
29. waiting for __ outstretched hand and the call to __ romance that is graceful, true, and not as
30. forgotten as the cynics say. When we dance, we can remember them all a little better, feel the
31. butterflies once again, and if only for a moment, return to the purest part of our lives when time
32. was of no matter…for we were dancing.
33. Why do we dance? Every answer will be different, and that is as it should be. Perhaps the
34. better question is, “Why would we not?”

*Cha Cha: an energetic modern dance.

(Available in: https://dancewithmeusa.com/why-we-dance-the-reasons/ – text especially adapted for this test).

The Reasons Why We Dance

1. As a choreographer, I get asked to share my opinion about a myriad of dance-related
2. topics, from the practical, like “How can dance help you get in shape?” to the existential, like “Is
3. my dancing a projection of my self-image?”. But the question I think matters most is: why do
4. people dance? What is about moving our bodies to a song we love that is so joyfully Pavlovian?
5. Why do we watch videos and take lessons on something that could be labeled as trivial? Why do
6. we love it so?
7. There are the obvious answers. We dance for physical fitness, mental clarity, emotional
8. stability, and other such pluses. However, all these benefits could be attained by other means –
9. though I confess I have yet to find a better alternative than a great “cha cha”* to lift both one’s
10. heart rate and spirits. There must be something glorious about dancing that is more than just
11. intangible. We cannot seem to explain it, yet we all know it so well that we do not hesitate to
12. tap our feet to a Gershwin melody or pulse with the percussion of a samba rhythm.
13. Perhaps dance is the way we express ourselves when words are insufficient. The joy we
14. feel over newfound love, the determination we have in the face of great sorrow or adversity, the
15. passionate fire of our youth, and the peacefulness of our softer and more graceful years – maybe
16. they are never expressed more fully than through a waltz, or a tango, or a jive. We all want to
17. be understood, and if we could truly speak the words that describe our feelings, how deep and
18. powerful they would surely be. But alas, those words never seem to come to us just right. Maybe
19. dance is simply a translator for the human heart.
20. Perhaps dance is the medium through which we show the world who we truly are and who
21. we can be. All of us, if we are honest, believe deep down that we are not ordinary. We know
22. ourselves to be wonderfully unique, with many layers of personality and talent woven in such a
23. way that no one on earth could possibly have our same make-up. We know it. We just do not
24. always know how to prove it. Maybe dance gives us the opportunity. And perhaps dance is how
25. we choose to remember, how we hold on to the past. It is how we relive __ fun-filled days of
26. our youth or __ time we looked into their eyes and knew they were the one. It is our tribute to
27. the heroes of yesterday who jitterbugged like carefree boys and girls, when tomorrow they would
28. march as men and women to defend freedom’s cause. It is the chance to be __ princess again,
29. waiting for __ outstretched hand and the call to __ romance that is graceful, true, and not as
30. forgotten as the cynics say. When we dance, we can remember them all a little better, feel the
31. butterflies once again, and if only for a moment, return to the purest part of our lives when time
32. was of no matter…for we were dancing.
33. Why do we dance? Every answer will be different, and that is as it should be. Perhaps the
34. better question is, “Why would we not?”

*Cha Cha: an energetic modern dance.

(Available in: https://dancewithmeusa.com/why-we-dance-the-reasons/ – text especially adapted for this test).

The Reasons Why We Dance

1. As a choreographer, I get asked to share my opinion about a myriad of dance-related
2. topics, from the practical, like “How can dance help you get in shape?” to the existential, like “Is
3. my dancing a projection of my self-image?”. But the question I think matters most is: why do
4. people dance? What is about moving our bodies to a song we love that is so joyfully Pavlovian?
5. Why do we watch videos and take lessons on something that could be labeled as trivial? Why do
6. we love it so?
7. There are the obvious answers. We dance for physical fitness, mental clarity, emotional
8. stability, and other such pluses. However, all these benefits could be attained by other means –
9. though I confess I have yet to find a better alternative than a great “cha cha”* to lift both one’s
10. heart rate and spirits. There must be something glorious about dancing that is more than just
11. intangible. We cannot seem to explain it, yet we all know it so well that we do not hesitate to
12. tap our feet to a Gershwin melody or pulse with the percussion of a samba rhythm.
13. Perhaps dance is the way we express ourselves when words are insufficient. The joy we
14. feel over newfound love, the determination we have in the face of great sorrow or adversity, the
15. passionate fire of our youth, and the peacefulness of our softer and more graceful years – maybe
16. they are never expressed more fully than through a waltz, or a tango, or a jive. We all want to
17. be understood, and if we could truly speak the words that describe our feelings, how deep and
18. powerful they would surely be. But alas, those words never seem to come to us just right. Maybe
19. dance is simply a translator for the human heart.
20. Perhaps dance is the medium through which we show the world who we truly are and who
21. we can be. All of us, if we are honest, believe deep down that we are not ordinary. We know
22. ourselves to be wonderfully unique, with many layers of personality and talent woven in such a
23. way that no one on earth could possibly have our same make-up. We know it. We just do not
24. always know how to prove it. Maybe dance gives us the opportunity. And perhaps dance is how
25. we choose to remember, how we hold on to the past. It is how we relive __ fun-filled days of
26. our youth or __ time we looked into their eyes and knew they were the one. It is our tribute to
27. the heroes of yesterday who jitterbugged like carefree boys and girls, when tomorrow they would
28. march as men and women to defend freedom’s cause. It is the chance to be __ princess again,
29. waiting for __ outstretched hand and the call to __ romance that is graceful, true, and not as
30. forgotten as the cynics say. When we dance, we can remember them all a little better, feel the
31. butterflies once again, and if only for a moment, return to the purest part of our lives when time
32. was of no matter…for we were dancing.
33. Why do we dance? Every answer will be different, and that is as it should be. Perhaps the
34. better question is, “Why would we not?”

*Cha Cha: an energetic modern dance.

(Available in: https://dancewithmeusa.com/why-we-dance-the-reasons/ – text especially adapted for this test).

Texto para responder às questões de 1 a 10.

Fones a todo volume prejudicam para sempre sua audição

Uma jovem vai de metrô para o trabalho. Em suas mãos, um celular reproduz sua playlist favorita pelos fones de ouvido. O vagão se enche de gente e ela aumenta o volume para abafar o barulho. Então a música se espalha pelo vagão e retumba em seu ouvido interno, produzindo um dano irreversível que ela não percebe. Essa jovem representa o “ouvinte médio” dos dispositivos de reprodução de música, segundo a análise mais recente da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS): uma pessoa acostumada a ouvir música pelos fones de ouvido com um volume entre 75 e 100 decibéis. Esta prática se tornou um problema global de saúde pública, alertam os especialistas, porque um volume a partir dos 80 decibéis é perigoso.

Segundo a OMS, aproximadamente 50% dos jovens (entre 12 e 35 anos) corre o risco de perder audição por seus hábitos de escuta com fones de ouvido: pouco mais de um bilhão de pessoas, principalmente de países desenvolvidos. Além disso, aproximadamente 40% se expõem a ruídos muito altos em locais de entretenimento, como bares e discotecas. A menos que sejam implementadas políticas eficazes de saúde pública, a organização estima que uma de cada dez pessoas sofrerá de perda auditiva incapacitante até o ano 2050, o dobro de agora.

Os sons fortes podem causar surdez ou perda de audição porque danificam células especializadas da cóclea, uma parte muito sensível do ouvido interno. “Cada um de nós nasce com um total de 20.000 a 30.000 células receptoras do som, e com essas temos de viver a vida inteira”, explica Isabel Varela-Nieto, especialista em neurobiologia da audição do Instituto Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM) e líder de grupo do centro de pesquisa Ciberer, dedicado a doenças raras.

Quanto mais alto estiver o volume e maior for a duração do som, pior será a deterioração. Por isso, os especialistas recomendam limitar tanto a intensidade como o tempo de escuta. “Quem ouve 15 minutos de música a 100 decibéis por um reprodutor pessoal sofre uma exposição semelhante à de um trabalhador industrial que escuta 85 decibéis durante uma jornada de oito horas”, explica o documento da OMS. Em fevereiro, a mesma organização emitiu, juntamente com a União Internacional de Telecomunicações, novas diretrizes para os fabricantes de reprodutores de música, destinadas a proteger os usuários.

“Recomendamos que sejam incorporadas a celulares e dispositivos funções que informem ao usuário sobre os decibéis que ele está escutando e quanto som consumiu no dia e na semana”, explica Shelly Chadha, otorrinolaringologista e responsável pelo programa da OMS para a prevenção de surdez e perda auditiva. (...)

Existe, no entanto, um problema de percepção de risco: os ouvintes de música geralmente não têm noção do perigo. (...) O doutor Luís Lassaletta, chefe do serviço de otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Universitário La Paz, vive essa realidade: “Quando jovens vêm se consultar, é porque foram a uma discoteca ou a um show e ouvem um apito que vai e vem, não repercute no teste de audiometria”. Esses incidentes isolados e reversíveis dão uma falsa sensação de segurança, mas deveriam ser “um sinal de alarme”, diz Lassaletta. Se essa exposição se repete, costuma ter consequências a longo prazo.

Proteção e prevenção

As análises epidemiológicas são escassas e não encontram fortes correlações entre a perda auditiva em jovens e sua exposição à música alta. Isso porque os sintomas podem demorar para aparecer e porque a perda de audição depende de outros fatores, como a genética. Os especialistas concordam que o risco é real e está aumentando. (...) Há opções para se proteger. Vários especialistas citam a regra 60-60: não ouvir música com fones de ouvido por mais de uma hora em volumes acima de 60% — os reprodutores costumam chegar a 105 decibéis. É fácil seguir essa regra em casa e em lugares tranquilos, mas não em ambientes barulhentos. Nestas situações, Chadha recomenda headphones com cancelamento de ruído. Embora os fones intra-auriculares não sejam intrinsecamente piores para a saúde auditiva do que os que cobrem toda a orelha, eles proporcionam um isolamento acústico menor, e por isso o especialista desaconselha seu uso.

El País. (Adaptado).

https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/09/07/actualida d/1567883413_452359.html

Texto para responder às questões de 1 a 10.

Fones a todo volume prejudicam para sempre sua audição

Uma jovem vai de metrô para o trabalho. Em suas mãos, um celular reproduz sua playlist favorita pelos fones de ouvido. O vagão se enche de gente e ela aumenta o volume para abafar o barulho. Então a música se espalha pelo vagão e retumba em seu ouvido interno, produzindo um dano irreversível que ela não percebe. Essa jovem representa o “ouvinte médio” dos dispositivos de reprodução de música, segundo a análise mais recente da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS): uma pessoa acostumada a ouvir música pelos fones de ouvido com um volume entre 75 e 100 decibéis. Esta prática se tornou um problema global de saúde pública, alertam os especialistas, porque um volume a partir dos 80 decibéis é perigoso.

Segundo a OMS, aproximadamente 50% dos jovens (entre 12 e 35 anos) corre o risco de perder audição por seus hábitos de escuta com fones de ouvido: pouco mais de um bilhão de pessoas, principalmente de países desenvolvidos. Além disso, aproximadamente 40% se expõem a ruídos muito altos em locais de entretenimento, como bares e discotecas. A menos que sejam implementadas políticas eficazes de saúde pública, a organização estima que uma de cada dez pessoas sofrerá de perda auditiva incapacitante até o ano 2050, o dobro de agora.

Os sons fortes podem causar surdez ou perda de audição porque danificam células especializadas da cóclea, uma parte muito sensível do ouvido interno. “Cada um de nós nasce com um total de 20.000 a 30.000 células receptoras do som, e com essas temos de viver a vida inteira”, explica Isabel Varela-Nieto, especialista em neurobiologia da audição do Instituto Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM) e líder de grupo do centro de pesquisa Ciberer, dedicado a doenças raras.

Quanto mais alto estiver o volume e maior for a duração do som, pior será a deterioração. Por isso, os especialistas recomendam limitar tanto a intensidade como o tempo de escuta. “Quem ouve 15 minutos de música a 100 decibéis por um reprodutor pessoal sofre uma exposição semelhante à de um trabalhador industrial que escuta 85 decibéis durante uma jornada de oito horas”, explica o documento da OMS. Em fevereiro, a mesma organização emitiu, juntamente com a União Internacional de Telecomunicações, novas diretrizes para os fabricantes de reprodutores de música, destinadas a proteger os usuários.

“Recomendamos que sejam incorporadas a celulares e dispositivos funções que informem ao usuário sobre os decibéis que ele está escutando e quanto som consumiu no dia e na semana”, explica Shelly Chadha, otorrinolaringologista e responsável pelo programa da OMS para a prevenção de surdez e perda auditiva. (...)

Existe, no entanto, um problema de percepção de risco: os ouvintes de música geralmente não têm noção do perigo. (...) O doutor Luís Lassaletta, chefe do serviço de otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Universitário La Paz, vive essa realidade: “Quando jovens vêm se consultar, é porque foram a uma discoteca ou a um show e ouvem um apito que vai e vem, não repercute no teste de audiometria”. Esses incidentes isolados e reversíveis dão uma falsa sensação de segurança, mas deveriam ser “um sinal de alarme”, diz Lassaletta. Se essa exposição se repete, costuma ter consequências a longo prazo.

Proteção e prevenção

As análises epidemiológicas são escassas e não encontram fortes correlações entre a perda auditiva em jovens e sua exposição à música alta. Isso porque os sintomas podem demorar para aparecer e porque a perda de audição depende de outros fatores, como a genética. Os especialistas concordam que o risco é real e está aumentando. (...) Há opções para se proteger. Vários especialistas citam a regra 60-60: não ouvir música com fones de ouvido por mais de uma hora em volumes acima de 60% — os reprodutores costumam chegar a 105 decibéis. É fácil seguir essa regra em casa e em lugares tranquilos, mas não em ambientes barulhentos. Nestas situações, Chadha recomenda headphones com cancelamento de ruído. Embora os fones intra-auriculares não sejam intrinsecamente piores para a saúde auditiva do que os que cobrem toda a orelha, eles proporcionam um isolamento acústico menor, e por isso o especialista desaconselha seu uso.

El País. (Adaptado).

https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/09/07/actualida d/1567883413_452359.html

Texto para responder às questões de 1 a 10.

Fones a todo volume prejudicam para sempre sua audição

Uma jovem vai de metrô para o trabalho. Em suas mãos, um celular reproduz sua playlist favorita pelos fones de ouvido. O vagão se enche de gente e ela aumenta o volume para abafar o barulho. Então a música se espalha pelo vagão e retumba em seu ouvido interno, produzindo um dano irreversível que ela não percebe. Essa jovem representa o “ouvinte médio” dos dispositivos de reprodução de música, segundo a análise mais recente da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS): uma pessoa acostumada a ouvir música pelos fones de ouvido com um volume entre 75 e 100 decibéis. Esta prática se tornou um problema global de saúde pública, alertam os especialistas, porque um volume a partir dos 80 decibéis é perigoso.

Segundo a OMS, aproximadamente 50% dos jovens (entre 12 e 35 anos) corre o risco de perder audição por seus hábitos de escuta com fones de ouvido: pouco mais de um bilhão de pessoas, principalmente de países desenvolvidos. Além disso, aproximadamente 40% se expõem a ruídos muito altos em locais de entretenimento, como bares e discotecas. A menos que sejam implementadas políticas eficazes de saúde pública, a organização estima que uma de cada dez pessoas sofrerá de perda auditiva incapacitante até o ano 2050, o dobro de agora.

Os sons fortes podem causar surdez ou perda de audição porque danificam células especializadas da cóclea, uma parte muito sensível do ouvido interno. “Cada um de nós nasce com um total de 20.000 a 30.000 células receptoras do som, e com essas temos de viver a vida inteira”, explica Isabel Varela-Nieto, especialista em neurobiologia da audição do Instituto Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM) e líder de grupo do centro de pesquisa Ciberer, dedicado a doenças raras.

Quanto mais alto estiver o volume e maior for a duração do som, pior será a deterioração. Por isso, os especialistas recomendam limitar tanto a intensidade como o tempo de escuta. “Quem ouve 15 minutos de música a 100 decibéis por um reprodutor pessoal sofre uma exposição semelhante à de um trabalhador industrial que escuta 85 decibéis durante uma jornada de oito horas”, explica o documento da OMS. Em fevereiro, a mesma organização emitiu, juntamente com a União Internacional de Telecomunicações, novas diretrizes para os fabricantes de reprodutores de música, destinadas a proteger os usuários.

“Recomendamos que sejam incorporadas a celulares e dispositivos funções que informem ao usuário sobre os decibéis que ele está escutando e quanto som consumiu no dia e na semana”, explica Shelly Chadha, otorrinolaringologista e responsável pelo programa da OMS para a prevenção de surdez e perda auditiva. (...)

Existe, no entanto, um problema de percepção de risco: os ouvintes de música geralmente não têm noção do perigo. (...) O doutor Luís Lassaletta, chefe do serviço de otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Universitário La Paz, vive essa realidade: “Quando jovens vêm se consultar, é porque foram a uma discoteca ou a um show e ouvem um apito que vai e vem, não repercute no teste de audiometria”. Esses incidentes isolados e reversíveis dão uma falsa sensação de segurança, mas deveriam ser “um sinal de alarme”, diz Lassaletta. Se essa exposição se repete, costuma ter consequências a longo prazo.

Proteção e prevenção

As análises epidemiológicas são escassas e não encontram fortes correlações entre a perda auditiva em jovens e sua exposição à música alta. Isso porque os sintomas podem demorar para aparecer e porque a perda de audição depende de outros fatores, como a genética. Os especialistas concordam que o risco é real e está aumentando. (...) Há opções para se proteger. Vários especialistas citam a regra 60-60: não ouvir música com fones de ouvido por mais de uma hora em volumes acima de 60% — os reprodutores costumam chegar a 105 decibéis. É fácil seguir essa regra em casa e em lugares tranquilos, mas não em ambientes barulhentos. Nestas situações, Chadha recomenda headphones com cancelamento de ruído. Embora os fones intra-auriculares não sejam intrinsecamente piores para a saúde auditiva do que os que cobrem toda a orelha, eles proporcionam um isolamento acústico menor, e por isso o especialista desaconselha seu uso.

El País. (Adaptado).

https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/09/07/actualida d/1567883413_452359.html