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Q1902724 Inglês
    State and local governments regularly disclose financial information to the public so that the current financial status of the government is recognized publicly. The purpose of such disclosure is to achieve accountability and inform citizens about governments’ financial decisions. Despite the efforts to improve the accessibility and readability of financial information, we do not know whether and how the financial information is processed by citizens. This study investigates how citizens assess the financial condition of governments when different financial information is presented. We conduct an online survey experiment to understand how disclosed financial information shapes citizens’ perceived level of a government’s fiscal stress and their attitudes toward governments’ revenue-raising strategies. We find that citizens prioritize the financial indicators that they are familiar with, such as debt and surplus ratios. While both historical and social reference points play an important role, social reference is more effective in influencing citizens’ perception. We only find limited evidence to support the relationship between citizens’ perception of fiscal stress and their support toward governments’ decisions to raise revenues.

Internet: <www.sciencedirect.com>  (adapted).

Based on the text above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


The noun “revenues” (at the end of the text) could be correctly replaced by renewals without any change in the meaning of the sentence.

Alternativas
Q1902723 Inglês

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


In the second sentence of sixth paragraph, the pronoun “they” refers to “The Office of Communications”.

Alternativas
Q1902722 Inglês

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


The word “liable” (at the end of the first sentence of the seventh paragraph) could be correctly replaced by liar without changing the meaning of the text.  

Alternativas
Q1902721 Inglês

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


The expression “Draft legislation” (second paragraph) means that the laws are not in their final form.

Alternativas
Q1902720 Inglês

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


Everyone supports the updated version of the bill. 

Alternativas
Q1902719 Inglês

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


Ofcom receives money from the government to collect information from companies. 

Alternativas
Q1902718 Inglês

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


The new version of the bill includes large amounts of fines if the company disobeys certain rules.

Alternativas
Q1902717 Inglês

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


The expression “bipartisan support” (third paragraph) means a support by two political parties.

Alternativas
Q1902716 Inglês

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


Lawmakers have always been supportive of the online safety legislation.

Alternativas
Q1902715 Inglês

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


One of the objectives of the new legislation is to cease social media operations. 

Alternativas
Q1902714 Inglês

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


New online safety laws in the United Kingdom could send tech company leaders to jail. 

Alternativas
Q1902713 Inglês
    Information technology (IT) serves a critical role in state operations. State agencies and higher education institutions are increasingly reliant on the automated processing of information. It is important that the IT applications that process information have controls to ensure and protect the accuracy, integrity, reliability, and confidentiality of the State’s information.
     Due to the increased reliance on IT applications, a significant portion of the audits the State Auditor’s Office (SAO) performs include an IT component. Auditors select IT controls for testing during an audit based on a risk assessment. The risk assessment considers, among other factors, the objectives and scope of the audit. Therefore, the SAO does not test all IT controls in every audit, with the high-risk and high-impact IT controls being tested more frequently. In addition, to minimize security risks, the SAO does not publicly report sensitive IT audit issues, in accordance with the Texas Government Code, Section 552.139.

Texas state auditor’s office report. Internet: <sao.texas.gov>  (adapted).

Judge the following item considering the text above and the vocabulary used in it.


The word “Therefore” (in the fourth sentence of the second paragraph) could be correctly replaced by Henceforth without any change in the meaning of the text. 

Alternativas
Q1902712 Inglês
    Information technology (IT) serves a critical role in state operations. State agencies and higher education institutions are increasingly reliant on the automated processing of information. It is important that the IT applications that process information have controls to ensure and protect the accuracy, integrity, reliability, and confidentiality of the State’s information.
     Due to the increased reliance on IT applications, a significant portion of the audits the State Auditor’s Office (SAO) performs include an IT component. Auditors select IT controls for testing during an audit based on a risk assessment. The risk assessment considers, among other factors, the objectives and scope of the audit. Therefore, the SAO does not test all IT controls in every audit, with the high-risk and high-impact IT controls being tested more frequently. In addition, to minimize security risks, the SAO does not publicly report sensitive IT audit issues, in accordance with the Texas Government Code, Section 552.139.

Texas state auditor’s office report. Internet: <sao.texas.gov>  (adapted).

Judge the following item considering the text above and the vocabulary used in it.


In the second paragraph, the word “audit” is synonymous with audition.

Alternativas
Q1902711 Inglês
    Information technology (IT) serves a critical role in state operations. State agencies and higher education institutions are increasingly reliant on the automated processing of information. It is important that the IT applications that process information have controls to ensure and protect the accuracy, integrity, reliability, and confidentiality of the State’s information.
     Due to the increased reliance on IT applications, a significant portion of the audits the State Auditor’s Office (SAO) performs include an IT component. Auditors select IT controls for testing during an audit based on a risk assessment. The risk assessment considers, among other factors, the objectives and scope of the audit. Therefore, the SAO does not test all IT controls in every audit, with the high-risk and high-impact IT controls being tested more frequently. In addition, to minimize security risks, the SAO does not publicly report sensitive IT audit issues, in accordance with the Texas Government Code, Section 552.139.

Texas state auditor’s office report. Internet: <sao.texas.gov>  (adapted).

Judge the following item considering the text above and the vocabulary used in it.


The word “reliant” (in the second sentence of the first paragraph) could be correctly replaced by dependent without any change in the meaning of the text.

Alternativas
Q1902710 Inglês
    Information technology (IT) serves a critical role in state operations. State agencies and higher education institutions are increasingly reliant on the automated processing of information. It is important that the IT applications that process information have controls to ensure and protect the accuracy, integrity, reliability, and confidentiality of the State’s information.
     Due to the increased reliance on IT applications, a significant portion of the audits the State Auditor’s Office (SAO) performs include an IT component. Auditors select IT controls for testing during an audit based on a risk assessment. The risk assessment considers, among other factors, the objectives and scope of the audit. Therefore, the SAO does not test all IT controls in every audit, with the high-risk and high-impact IT controls being tested more frequently. In addition, to minimize security risks, the SAO does not publicly report sensitive IT audit issues, in accordance with the Texas Government Code, Section 552.139.

Texas state auditor’s office report. Internet: <sao.texas.gov>  (adapted).

Judge the following item considering the text above and the vocabulary used in it.


The word state has the same meaning in the first and in the second sentences of the first paragraph.

Alternativas
Q1902709 Inglês
    Information technology (IT) serves a critical role in state operations. State agencies and higher education institutions are increasingly reliant on the automated processing of information. It is important that the IT applications that process information have controls to ensure and protect the accuracy, integrity, reliability, and confidentiality of the State’s information.
     Due to the increased reliance on IT applications, a significant portion of the audits the State Auditor’s Office (SAO) performs include an IT component. Auditors select IT controls for testing during an audit based on a risk assessment. The risk assessment considers, among other factors, the objectives and scope of the audit. Therefore, the SAO does not test all IT controls in every audit, with the high-risk and high-impact IT controls being tested more frequently. In addition, to minimize security risks, the SAO does not publicly report sensitive IT audit issues, in accordance with the Texas Government Code, Section 552.139.

Texas state auditor’s office report. Internet: <sao.texas.gov>  (adapted).

Judge the following item considering the text above and the vocabulary used in it.


It can be inferred from the text that the SAO keeps certain issues secret to avoid endangering security. 

Alternativas
Q1902708 Português
Texto CB1A2-II

    A pseudociência difere da ciência errônea. A ciência prospera com seus erros, eliminando-os um a um. Conclusões falsas são tiradas todo o tempo, mas elas constituem tentativas. As hipóteses são formuladas de modo a poderem ser refutadas. Uma sequência de hipóteses alternativas é confrontada com os experimentos e a observação. A ciência tateia e cambaleia em busca de melhor compreensão. Alguns sentimentos de propriedade individual são certamente ofendidos quando uma hipótese científica não é aprovada, mas essas refutações são reconhecidas como centrais para o empreendimento científico.
    A pseudociência é exatamente o oposto. As hipóteses são formuladas de modo a se tornar invulneráveis a qualquer experimento que ofereça uma perspectiva de refutação, para que em princípio não possam ser invalidadas.
     Talvez a distinção mais clara entre a ciência e a pseudociência seja o fato de que a primeira sabe avaliar com mais perspicácia as imperfeições e a falibilidade humanas do que a segunda. Se nos recusamos radicalmente a reconhecer em que pontos somos propensos a cair em erro, podemos ter quase certeza de que o erro nos acompanhará para sempre. Mas, se somos capazes de uma pequena autoavaliação corajosa, quaisquer que sejam as reflexões tristes que isso possa provocar, as nossas chances melhoram muito.

Carl Sagan. O mundo assombrado pelos demônios.Tradução de Rosaura Eichemberg.
São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2016, p. 39-40 (com adaptações).

A respeito dos aspectos linguísticos do texto CB1A2-II, julgue o item que se segue.


No trecho “podemos ter quase certeza de que o erro nos acompanhará para sempre” (terceiro parágrafo), o pronome “nos” funciona como complemento da forma verbal “acompanhará”.

Alternativas
Q1902707 Português
Texto CB1A2-II

    A pseudociência difere da ciência errônea. A ciência prospera com seus erros, eliminando-os um a um. Conclusões falsas são tiradas todo o tempo, mas elas constituem tentativas. As hipóteses são formuladas de modo a poderem ser refutadas. Uma sequência de hipóteses alternativas é confrontada com os experimentos e a observação. A ciência tateia e cambaleia em busca de melhor compreensão. Alguns sentimentos de propriedade individual são certamente ofendidos quando uma hipótese científica não é aprovada, mas essas refutações são reconhecidas como centrais para o empreendimento científico.
    A pseudociência é exatamente o oposto. As hipóteses são formuladas de modo a se tornar invulneráveis a qualquer experimento que ofereça uma perspectiva de refutação, para que em princípio não possam ser invalidadas.
     Talvez a distinção mais clara entre a ciência e a pseudociência seja o fato de que a primeira sabe avaliar com mais perspicácia as imperfeições e a falibilidade humanas do que a segunda. Se nos recusamos radicalmente a reconhecer em que pontos somos propensos a cair em erro, podemos ter quase certeza de que o erro nos acompanhará para sempre. Mas, se somos capazes de uma pequena autoavaliação corajosa, quaisquer que sejam as reflexões tristes que isso possa provocar, as nossas chances melhoram muito.

Carl Sagan. O mundo assombrado pelos demônios.Tradução de Rosaura Eichemberg.
São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2016, p. 39-40 (com adaptações).

A respeito dos aspectos linguísticos do texto CB1A2-II, julgue o item que se segue.


No trecho “Conclusões falsas são tiradas todo o tempo, mas elas constituem tentativas” (primeiro parágrafo), o teor da oração introduzida pelo vocábulo “mas” atenua a força argumentativa do conteúdo da primeira oração. 

Alternativas
Q1902706 Português
Texto CB1A2-II

    A pseudociência difere da ciência errônea. A ciência prospera com seus erros, eliminando-os um a um. Conclusões falsas são tiradas todo o tempo, mas elas constituem tentativas. As hipóteses são formuladas de modo a poderem ser refutadas. Uma sequência de hipóteses alternativas é confrontada com os experimentos e a observação. A ciência tateia e cambaleia em busca de melhor compreensão. Alguns sentimentos de propriedade individual são certamente ofendidos quando uma hipótese científica não é aprovada, mas essas refutações são reconhecidas como centrais para o empreendimento científico.
    A pseudociência é exatamente o oposto. As hipóteses são formuladas de modo a se tornar invulneráveis a qualquer experimento que ofereça uma perspectiva de refutação, para que em princípio não possam ser invalidadas.
     Talvez a distinção mais clara entre a ciência e a pseudociência seja o fato de que a primeira sabe avaliar com mais perspicácia as imperfeições e a falibilidade humanas do que a segunda. Se nos recusamos radicalmente a reconhecer em que pontos somos propensos a cair em erro, podemos ter quase certeza de que o erro nos acompanhará para sempre. Mas, se somos capazes de uma pequena autoavaliação corajosa, quaisquer que sejam as reflexões tristes que isso possa provocar, as nossas chances melhoram muito.

Carl Sagan. O mundo assombrado pelos demônios.Tradução de Rosaura Eichemberg.
São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2016, p. 39-40 (com adaptações).

A respeito dos aspectos linguísticos do texto CB1A2-II, julgue o item que se segue.


A supressão da vírgula presente logo após a palavra “erro” (segundo período do terceiro parágrafo) prejudicaria a correção gramatical do texto. 

Alternativas
Q1902705 Português
Texto CB1A2-II

    A pseudociência difere da ciência errônea. A ciência prospera com seus erros, eliminando-os um a um. Conclusões falsas são tiradas todo o tempo, mas elas constituem tentativas. As hipóteses são formuladas de modo a poderem ser refutadas. Uma sequência de hipóteses alternativas é confrontada com os experimentos e a observação. A ciência tateia e cambaleia em busca de melhor compreensão. Alguns sentimentos de propriedade individual são certamente ofendidos quando uma hipótese científica não é aprovada, mas essas refutações são reconhecidas como centrais para o empreendimento científico.
    A pseudociência é exatamente o oposto. As hipóteses são formuladas de modo a se tornar invulneráveis a qualquer experimento que ofereça uma perspectiva de refutação, para que em princípio não possam ser invalidadas.
     Talvez a distinção mais clara entre a ciência e a pseudociência seja o fato de que a primeira sabe avaliar com mais perspicácia as imperfeições e a falibilidade humanas do que a segunda. Se nos recusamos radicalmente a reconhecer em que pontos somos propensos a cair em erro, podemos ter quase certeza de que o erro nos acompanhará para sempre. Mas, se somos capazes de uma pequena autoavaliação corajosa, quaisquer que sejam as reflexões tristes que isso possa provocar, as nossas chances melhoram muito.

Carl Sagan. O mundo assombrado pelos demônios.Tradução de Rosaura Eichemberg.
São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2016, p. 39-40 (com adaptações).

A respeito dos aspectos linguísticos do texto CB1A2-II, julgue o item que se segue.


A oração “de modo a poderem ser refutadas” (quarto período do primeiro parágrafo) expressa circunstância de finalidade. 

Alternativas
Respostas
481: E
482: C
483: E
484: C
485: E
486: E
487: C
488: C
489: E
490: E
491: C
492: E
493: E
494: C
495: C
496: C
497: C
498: C
499: C
500: C