Questões de Concurso Para prefeitura de palhoça - sc

Texto 1

Que Língua Devemos Ensinar?

Trecho do ensaio “Algumas características do português do Brasil”,

Ana Maria Stahl Zilles 

Que língua devemos ensinar? A que os alunos já aprenderam em sua comunicação ou a língua de que vão precisar para o exercício pleno da cidadania? Certamente esta última, que prefiro chamar de língua culta, para fazer uma distinção entre a língua culta (a dos falantes cultos: professores, médicos, engenheiros, jornalistas etc.) e a língua padrão (a que, tecnicamente, sofreu o processo de padronização, que inclui a confecção de dicionários, de gramáticas e a explicação de normas, inclusive por órgãos como a Academia Brasileira de Letras, e de leis, como as diversas reformas ortográficas promovidas pelo governo).

A meu ver, essa distinção entre língua culta/língua padrão e o reconhecimento da variação linguística são condições necessárias para que os professores compreendam mais claramente o seu papel de formar cidadãos capazes de usar a língua com flexibilidade, de acordo com as diversas exigências da vida e da sociedade. A meu ver, isso só pode ser feito mediante a explicitação da realidade na sala de aula. Por isso, julgo de fundamental importância que se discuta abertamente a variação, que se comparem modos de falar e de escrever, desde a primeira série, que se desvelem os valores sociais atribuídos às variedades do português e se discutam as atitudes de prestígio e estigma associadas a cada forma de dizer ou de escrever o quê, para quem, em que circunstâncias, com que propósito etc.

Text 3

Digital habits across generations 

Today’s grandparents are joining their grandchildren on social media, but the different generations’ online habits couldn’t be more different. In the UK the over55s are joining Facebook in increasing numbers, meaning that they will soon be the site’s second biggest user group, with 3.5 million users aged 55-64 and 2.9 million over-65s.

Sheila, aged 59, says, ‘I joined to see what my grandchildren are doing, as my daughter posts videos and photos of them. It’s a much better way to see what they’re doing than waiting for letters and photos in the post. That’s how we did it when I was a child, but I think I’m lucky I get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did.’ Ironically, Sheila’s grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children under 17 in the UK are leaving the site – only 2.2 million users are under 17 – but they’re not going far from their smartphones.

Chloe, aged 15, even sleeps with her phone. ‘It’s my alarm clock so I have to,’ she says. ‘I look at it before I go to sleep and as soon as I wake up.’ Unlike her grandmother’s generation, Chloe’s age group is spending so much time on their phones at home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in real life. Sheila, on the other hand, has made contact with old friends from school she hasn’t heard from in forty years. ‘We use Facebook to arrange to meet all over the country,’ she says. ‘It’s changed my social life completely.’ Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media addiction as their parents were the early adopters of the smartphone. Peter, 38 and father of two teenagers, reports that he used to be on his phone or laptop constantly. ‘I was always connected and I felt like I was always working,’ he says. ‘How could I tell my kids to get off their phones if I was always in front of a screen myself?’ So, in the evenings and at weekends, he takes his SIM card out of his smartphone and puts it into an old-style mobile phone that can only make calls and send text messages. ‘I’m not completely cut off from the world in case of emergencies, but the important thing is I’m setting a better example to my kids and spending more quality time with them.’ Is it only a matter of time until the generation above and below Peter catches up with the new trend for a less digital life?

Source: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org