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Q180215 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
A NBR ISO 14001/2004, em seu capítulo de termos e definições, estabelece o que é aspecto ambiental, diferindo-o de impacto ambiental. Segundo essa Norma, na etapa de Planejamento devem ser identificados os aspectos ambientais de suas atividades, produtos e serviços. Um exemplo de aspecto ambiental é
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Q180214 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
A Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Série 18001 (OHSAS 18001) estabelece as diretrizes para implemen- tação do Sistema de Gestão de Segurança e Saúde Ocupacional em uma empresa. Segundo essa Norma, na etapa de Verificação e Ação Corretiva, na investigação de incidentes, a organização deve estabelecer, implementar e manter procedimento(s) para registrar, investigar e analisar incidentes com algumas finalidades, EXCETO a de
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Q180213 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
Um rio com águas a 20 °C possui uma vazão mínima de 10 m³/s e uma DBOúltima de 5 mg/L. Em um ponto da margem, é lançado um efluente com vazão de 1 m³/s e DBOúltima de 236 mg/L.
Considere que:
• é válida a hipótese de mistura completa;
• a concentração de DBO remanescente (Lt ), por ação da autodepuração, sofre, no tempo e no espaço, um decaimento de primeira ordem com coeficiente K1 20 °C = 0,1 dia-1 ;
• L0 é a concentração de DBO no tempo inicial;
• e-1 = 0,37; e-2 = 0,14; e-3 = 0,05.
Segundo o modelo de Streeter-Phelps, qual a DBO exercida no rio, em mg/L, trinta dias após o lançamento do esgoto?
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Q180212 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
A NBR 7229/1993 trata do projeto, construção e operação de sistemas de tanques sépticos. Para atender a uma população de 50 habitantes com uma contribuição per capita de esgotos de 160L/hab.dia  , segundo essa norma, qual o volume da fossa séptica em m³ ? Dados:  Período de detenção dos esgotos "T" de 0,58 dias
Taxa total de acumulação de lodo "K" de 105 dias
contribuição de iodo fresco Lf de 1l/hab.dia
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Q180211 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
A Resolução CONAMA n° 396/2008 dispõe sobre a classificação e diretrizes ambientais para o enquadramento, prevenção e controle da poluição das águas subterrâneas. No texto desse instrumento legal, é definido um enquadramento para aquífero, conjunto de aquíferos ou porção desses, em classes, de acordo com os usos preponderantes pretendidos ao longo do tempo. Para cada classe é definida uma meta ou um objetivo de qualidade da água a ser, obrigatoriamente, alcançado ou mantido. Segundo essa Resolução, as águas dos aquíferos, conjunto de aquíferos ou porção desses são classificadas como de Classe 2 quando
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Q180210 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
Um programa de controle da poluição do ar tem como objetivo garantir que os poluentes atmosféricos sejam mantidos em concentrações tais que não afetem a saúde humana e não causem danos à flora, à fauna e aos materiais. O controle nas fontes visa a reduzir a concentração dos poluentes antes do seu lançamento na atmosfera. Com relação aos equipamentos e métodos de controle das emissões atmosféricas em atividades industriais, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I - Os incineradores catalíticos são recomendados para a remoção de material particulado em grandes concentrações, enquanto que, em baixas concentrações, recomendam-se os incineradores com chama direta.
II - O separador ciclônico tem por base a ação da força centrífuga sobre as partículas carregadas pelo fluxo de gás, empurrando-as na direção das paredes, tendo, por isso, melhor eficiência para partículas pequenas, menores que 5 micrômetros.
III - O controle da emissão de gases e vapores envolve operações unitárias, como a absorção física e a condensação, podendo fazer uso de equipamentos como os condensadores e os absorvedores.
IV - O controle da emissão de material particulado pode ser feito usando-se equipamentos como os precipitadores eletrostáticos e os lavadores com atomização pelo gás.
Estão corretas APENAS as afirmativas

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Q180209 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
O primeiro dispositivo legal decorrente do Programa Nacional de Controle da Qualidade do Ar - PRONAR foi a Resolução CONAMA n° 03, de 28 de junho de 1990, que estabeleceu os padrões nacionais da qualidade do ar. Por essa resolução foram estabelecidos os métodos de amostragem e análise dos poluentes, sendo indicados para a fumaça, o dióxido de enxofre e o ozônio, respectivamente, os métodos de(da)
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Q180208 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
O processo da dispersão de poluentes na atmosfera depende principalmente do relevo da região, das condições meteorológicas e das características das fontes emissoras. O comportamento final de uma pluma de poluentes que sai de uma chaminé tem dois componentes principais: a ascensão da pluma e a difusão e o transporte da pluma. Ao ser emitida, a pluma tem tendência ascensional controlada por parâmetros do próprio efluente, por dimensões da chaminé e pela influência dos parâmetros meteorológicos no instante da emissão. Na sequência, ela adquire um movimento transversal, acompanhado de difusão em torno de sua linha de centro, que caracteriza o componente de difusão e transporte. Sobre as características de modelos típicos de plumas de poluentes, considere as afirmações a seguir.
I - Looping (serpenteante) é um modelo característico de condições instáveis que ocorre quando existe aquecimento solar intenso com céu limpo, em que grandes turbulências térmicas levam a uma rápida dispersão.
II - Coning (cônico) é um modelo característico de atmosfera neutra, causado por ventos moderados, direção estacionária e ausência de aquecimento solar, em que o baixo nível de turbulência faz a pluma atingir o solo a uma grande distância da fonte.
III - Fumigation (fumegante) é um modelo característico da ocorrência de uma inversão térmica abaixo da pluma, nor- malmente ao pôr do sol, podendo ser transitório ou durar várias horas, sendo que a dispersão vertical ocorre mais intensamente na camada superior da pluma do que na inferior.
Está correto APENAS o que se afirma em
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Q180207 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
As emissões atmosféricas ocasionadas por veículos automotores carregam diversas substâncias tóxicas que, em contato com o sistema respiratório, podem produzir vários efeitos negativos sobre a saúde. Essas emissões são compostas de substâncias, tais como
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Q154687 Português
                                                       Um pouco de silêncio
Nesta trepidante cultura nossa, da agitação e do barulho, gostar de sossego é uma excentricidade.
Sob a pressão do ter de parecer, ter de participar, ter de adquirir, ter de qualquer coisa, assumimos uma infinidade de obrigações. Muitas desnecessárias, outras impossíveis, algumas que não combinam conosco nem nos interessam.
Não há perdão nem anistia para os que ficam de fora da ciranda: os que não se submetem mas questionam, os que pagam o preço de sua relativa autonomia, os que não se deixam escravizar, pelo menos sem alguma resistência.
O normal é ser atualizado, produtivo e bem-informado. É indispensável circular, estar enturmado. Quem não corre com a manada praticamente nem existe, se não se cuidar botam numa jaula: um animal estranho.
Acuados pelo relógio, pelos compromissos, pela opinião alheia, disparamos sem rumo – ou em trilhas determinadas – feito hamsters que se alimentam de sua própria agitação.
Ficar sossegado é perigoso: pode parecer doença. Recolher-se em casa, ou dentro de si mesmo, ameaça quem leva um susto cada vez que examina sua alma.
Estar sozinho é considerado humilhante, sinal de que não se arrumou ninguém – como se amizade ou amor se “arrumasse" em loja. [...]
Além do desgosto pela solidão, temos horror à quietude. Logo pensamos em depressão: quem sabe terapia e antidepressivo? Criança que não brinca ou salta nem participa de atividades frenéticas está com algum problema.
O silêncio nos assusta por retumbar no vazio dentro de nós. Quando nada se move nem faz barulho, notamos as frestas pelas quais nos espiam coisas incômodas e mal resolvidas, ou se enxerga outro ângulo de nós mesmos. Nos damos conta de que não somos apenas figurinhas atarantadas correndo entre casa, trabalho e bar, praia ou campo.
Existe em nós, geralmente nem percebido e nada valorizado, algo além desse que paga contas, transa, ganha dinheiro, e come, envelhece, e um dia (mas isso é só para os outros!) vai morrer. Quem é esse que afinal sou eu? Quais seus desejos e medos, seus projetos e sonhos?
No susto que essa ideia provoca, queremos ruí- do, ruídos. Chegamos em casa e ligamos a televisão antes de largar a bolsa ou pasta. Não é para assistir a um programa: é pela distração.
Silêncio faz pensar, remexe águas paradas, trazendo à tona sabe Deus que desconcerto nosso. Com medo de ver quem – ou o que – somos, adia-se o defrontamento com nossa alma sem máscaras.
Mas, se a gente aprende a gostar um pouco de sossego, descobre – em si e no outro – regiões nem imaginadas, questões fascinantes e não necessariamente ruins.
Nunca esqueci a experiência de quando alguém botou a mão no meu ombro de criança e disse: — Fica quietinha, um momento só, escuta a chuva chegando.
E ela chegou: intensa e lenta, tornando tudo singularmente novo. A quietude pode ser como essa chuva: nela a gente se refaz para voltar mais inteiro ao convívio, às tantas fases, às tarefas, aos amores.
Então, por favor, me deem isso: um pouco de silêncio bom para que eu escute o vento nas folhas, a chuva nas lajes, e tudo o que fala muito além das palavras de todos os textos e da música de todos os sentimentos. LUFT, Lya. Pensar é transgredir. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2004. p. 41. Adaptado.
Complete as frases da segunda coluna com a expressão adequada à norma-padrão.

I – por que                             P – As pessoas ficaram tranquilas ______ não tiveram de refazer o trabalho. 
II – porque                             Q – Não sei o ______ de tanta preocupacão com a pressa.
III – porquê                            R – Afinal, tantas dúvidas com a terapia, ______?                    
                                              S – Ignoro ______ razão as pessoas não se habituam à solidão.


O preenchimento dos espaços com as expressões que tornam as sentenças corretas resulta nas seguintes associações:
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Q154636 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
The computer model discussed in the text “…copes with chaos to deliver relief" (title) and analyzes different factors. The only factor NOT taken in consideration in the model is the
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Q154635 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
In “The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations," (lines 41-42), the fragment “can be applied" is replaced, without change in meaning, by
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Q154634 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
Based on the meanings in the text, the two items are antonymous in
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Q154633 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
In terms of pronominal reference,
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Q154632 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
The expression in boldface introduces the idea of conclusion in
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Q154631 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
“such critical perturbations," (lines 34-35) refers to all the items below, EXCEPT
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Q154630 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
Iain Couzin is mentioned in paragraph 5 (lines 33-40) because he
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Q154629 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
Nagurney's comment “'It's a multicriteria decision-making problem.'" (lines 25-26) refers to the fact that
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Q154628 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
According to Anna Nagurney, in paragraph 3 (lines 14-26), an efficient logistics system must consider the
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Q154627 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
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