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Environmental and economic impacts of crude oil and
natural gas production in developing countries
Environmental impacts that occur during the production of crude oil would mostly occur from long-term habitat change within the oil and gas field, production activities (including facility component maintenance or replacement), waste management (e.g. produced water), noise (e.g. from well operations, compressor or pump stations, flare stack, vehicle and equipment), the presence of workers and potential spills.
The adverse environmental impacts which could happen during production of crude oil and natural gas include: disturbance of wildlife due to noise and human activity; exposure of biota to contaminants; and mortality of biota resulting from collisions against aboveground facilities or with vehicles.
The presence of production wells, ancillary facilities and access road reduces habitat quality, disturbs the biota and thus affects ecological resources. Discharge of produced water inappropriately onto soil or into surface water bodies can result in salinity levels becoming too high to sustain plant growth.
Wildlife is always prone to have contact with petroleum-based products and other contaminants in reserve pits and water management facilities. Animals could become entrapped in the oil and drown, or they could ingest toxic quantities of oil, or succumb to cold stress if the oil damages the insulation provided by their feathers or fur.
Internet: <www.core.ac.uk>
Based on the text, judge the following items.
It is correct to conclude that the text emphasizes how
agricultural production may be badly affected by higher
salinity levels.
Environmental and economic impacts of crude oil and
natural gas production in developing countries
Environmental impacts that occur during the production of crude oil would mostly occur from long-term habitat change within the oil and gas field, production activities (including facility component maintenance or replacement), waste management (e.g. produced water), noise (e.g. from well operations, compressor or pump stations, flare stack, vehicle and equipment), the presence of workers and potential spills.
The adverse environmental impacts which could happen during production of crude oil and natural gas include: disturbance of wildlife due to noise and human activity; exposure of biota to contaminants; and mortality of biota resulting from collisions against aboveground facilities or with vehicles.
The presence of production wells, ancillary facilities and access road reduces habitat quality, disturbs the biota and thus affects ecological resources. Discharge of produced water inappropriately onto soil or into surface water bodies can result in salinity levels becoming too high to sustain plant growth.
Wildlife is always prone to have contact with petroleum-based products and other contaminants in reserve pits and water management facilities. Animals could become entrapped in the oil and drown, or they could ingest toxic quantities of oil, or succumb to cold stress if the oil damages the insulation provided by their feathers or fur.
Internet: <www.core.ac.uk>
Based on the text, judge the following items.
The last period of the text could be correctly rewritten,
without this changing its meaning, as Animals would, then,
become entrapped in the oil and drown, or ingest toxic
quantities of oil, or succumb to cold stress if the oil
damages the insulation provided by their feathers or fur.
Environmental and economic impacts of crude oil and
natural gas production in developing countries
Environmental impacts that occur during the production of crude oil would mostly occur from long-term habitat change within the oil and gas field, production activities (including facility component maintenance or replacement), waste management (e.g. produced water), noise (e.g. from well operations, compressor or pump stations, flare stack, vehicle and equipment), the presence of workers and potential spills.
The adverse environmental impacts which could happen during production of crude oil and natural gas include: disturbance of wildlife due to noise and human activity; exposure of biota to contaminants; and mortality of biota resulting from collisions against aboveground facilities or with vehicles.
The presence of production wells, ancillary facilities and access road reduces habitat quality, disturbs the biota and thus affects ecological resources. Discharge of produced water inappropriately onto soil or into surface water bodies can result in salinity levels becoming too high to sustain plant growth.
Wildlife is always prone to have contact with petroleum-based products and other contaminants in reserve pits and water management facilities. Animals could become entrapped in the oil and drown, or they could ingest toxic quantities of oil, or succumb to cold stress if the oil damages the insulation provided by their feathers or fur.
Internet: <www.core.ac.uk>
Based on the text, judge the following items.
In the first period of the third paragraph, the expression
“ancillary facilities” implies the idea of a place, a building or
a piece of equipment that houses or is used for activities that
support the production of oil.
Environmental and economic impacts of crude oil and
natural gas production in developing countries
Environmental impacts that occur during the production of crude oil would mostly occur from long-term habitat change within the oil and gas field, production activities (including facility component maintenance or replacement), waste management (e.g. produced water), noise (e.g. from well operations, compressor or pump stations, flare stack, vehicle and equipment), the presence of workers and potential spills.
The adverse environmental impacts which could happen during production of crude oil and natural gas include: disturbance of wildlife due to noise and human activity; exposure of biota to contaminants; and mortality of biota resulting from collisions against aboveground facilities or with vehicles.
The presence of production wells, ancillary facilities and access road reduces habitat quality, disturbs the biota and thus affects ecological resources. Discharge of produced water inappropriately onto soil or into surface water bodies can result in salinity levels becoming too high to sustain plant growth.
Wildlife is always prone to have contact with petroleum-based products and other contaminants in reserve pits and water management facilities. Animals could become entrapped in the oil and drown, or they could ingest toxic quantities of oil, or succumb to cold stress if the oil damages the insulation provided by their feathers or fur.
Internet: <www.core.ac.uk>
Based on the text, judge the following items.
The environmental damages potentially caused by the oil and
gas industry are many and varied, as there are different
possible sources of problems.
Russia is making heaps of money from oil, but there is a way to stop that
The United States and its allies are leaning heavily on economic sanctions to punish Russia for its invasion of Ukraine. But a key element in that strategy, restrictions on Russian oil exports, mostly appears to be causing pain for ordinary people in other countries. European nations, in particular, are causing considerable damage to their own economies without reducing Russia’s oil revenue.
Nations seeking to help Ukraine have focused on reducing Russia’s energy exports instead of reducing Russia’s earnings from energy exports. Russia is exporting less oil but, in a perverse twist, it is earning more money. The sanctions have raised prices, more than offsetting the decline in exports. In May 2022, Russia earned 883 million euros per day from oil exports, up from 633 million euros per day in May 2021.
New sanctions that the European Union and Britain have agreed to impose on Russia by year’s end are likely to drive oil prices even higher. Some analysts warn that the price for a barrel of oil could exceed $ 200, well above the spike in the early weeks of the war, when oil prices topped out around $ 124.
Internet:<www.nytimes.com>
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
Even though oil prices have soared as a result of the
sanctions imposed on Russia, they were not high enought to
compensate for Russia’s loss in oil exports.
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