Questões de Concurso Para engenheiro de segurança do trabalho

                                                Molécula da moralidade

      “O nível de confiança dentro de uma sociedade determina se ela está próspera ou se mantém-se na miséria”, afirma o norte-americano Paul Zak, precursor no estudo da Neuroeconomia - ramo da ciência que estabelece relações diretas entre cérebro, comportamento e economia. Apoiado na descoberta do hormônio oxitocina como a “molécula da moralidade”, Zak diz que tantos aspectos pessoais como a generosidade e a compaixão, até a tomada de decisões econômicas, são influenciadas pela química cerebral.
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      O professor de Economia, Psicologia e Administração na Universidade de Claremont e de Neurologia na Universidade de Loma Linda, ambas nos Estados Unidos, Paul Zak hoje coordena o primeiro curso de doutorado em Neuroeconomia. Criticado por ser demasiadamente entusiasta de sua própria teoria, o dr. Love, como é popularmente conhecido, costuma ser comparado por alguns de seus pares aos religiosos, por falar da oxitocina como a “Terra Prometida” - enquanto outros cientistas afirmam que as questões sociais são mais relevantes do que as biológicas para se pensar a Economia.
      Diante do cenário atual de protestos sociais, a dúvida dos estudiosos é pertinente: seria uma única molécula capaz de mudar um quadro de violência, ou mesmo explicar nossa moralidade? Paul Zak afirma que não. “O que encontramos, em nossos dez anos de experimentação, é uma molécula evolutivamente antiga, responsável por um grande número de comportamentos pró-sociais que nós, geralmente, chamamos de moral ou virtude, porque nos fazem colocar as necessidades de outra pessoa antes das nossas próprias.

                                                            VASQUES, Lucas. Revista Filosofia: Ciência & Vida. n° 89, dez 2013.

Background

The Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (NNPP) started in 1948. Since that time, the NNPP has provided safe and effective propulsion systems to power submarines, surface combatants, and aircraft carriers. Today, nuclear propulsion enables virtually undetectable US Navy submarines, including the sea-based leg of the strategic triad, and provides essentially inexhaustible propulsion power independent of forward logistical support to both our submarines and aircraft carriers. Over forty percent of the Navy's major combatant ships are nuclear-powered, and because of their demonstrated safety and reliability, these ships have access to seaports throughout the world. The NNPP has consistently sought the best way to affordably meet Navy requirements by evaluating, developing, and delivering a variety of reactor types, fuel systems, and structural materials. The Program has investigated many different fuel systems and reactor design features, and has designed, built, and operated over thirty different reactor designs in over twenty plant types to employ the most promising of these developments in practical applications. Improvements in naval reactor design have allowed increased power and energy to keep pace with the operational requirements of the modern nuclear fleet, while maintaining a conservative design approach that ensures reliability and safety to the crew, the public, and the environment. As just one example of the progress that has been made, the earliest reactor core designs in the NAUTILUS required refueling after about two years while modern reactor cores can last the life of a submarine, or over thirty years without refueling. These improvements have been the result of prudent, conservative engineering, backed by analysis, testing, and prototyping. The NNPP was also a pioneer in developing basic technologies and transferring technology to the civilian nuclear electric power industry. For example, the Program demonstrated the feasibility of commercial nuclear power generation in this country by designing, constructing and operating the Shipping port Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania and showing the feasibility of a thorium-based breeder reactor.

In: Report on Low Enriched Uranium for Naval Reactor Cores. Page 1. Report to Congress, January 2014. Office of Naval Reactors. US Dept. of Energy. DC 2058 http://fissilematerials.org/library/doe14.pdf