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Malnutrition is directly responsible for 300,000 deaths
per year in children younger than 5 years in developing
countries and contributes indirectly to over half the deaths in
childhood worldwide.
The adverse effects of malnutrition include physical and
developmental manifestations. Poor weight gain and slowing of
linear growth occur. Impairment of immunologic functions in
these .....(15)..... mimics those observed in children with AIDS,
predisposing them to opportunistic and other typical childhood
infections. Children who are chronically malnourished exhibit
behavioral changes, including irritability, apathy and decreased
social responsiveness, anxiety, and attention deficits. In
addition, infants and young children who have malnutrition
frequently demonstrate developmental delay or permanent
cognitive deficits. The degree of delay and deficit depends on
the severity and duration of nutritional compromise and the age
at which malnutrition occurs. In general, nutritional insults at
younger ages will have worse outcomes. .....(16)..... death from
malnutrition in the United States is rare, in developing countries,
more than 50% of the 10 million deaths each year are either
directly or indirectly secondary to malnutrition in children
younger than 5 years.
Children are most vulnerable to the effects of
malnutrition in infancy and early childhood. Premature infants
have special nutritional needs that are not met with traditional
feeding recommendations; they require fortified human milk or
specially designed preterm formula until later in infancy. Children
are susceptible to malnutrition for differing reasons. During
adolescence, self-imposed dietary restrictions contribute to the
incidence of nutritional deficiencies.
(Adapted from http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic1360.htm)