Questões de Vestibular
Sobre análise sintática | syntax parsing em inglês
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Texto 3
Dinner and a movie. A walk in a park after a picnic for two. They might not be original, but these are classic date ideas.
Do people your age go out on dates? Or are you more likely to hang out with a big group of people that includes people who are seeing each other exclusively?
In "The End of Courtship?" Alex Williams writes about Shani Silver, who recently waited to hear from the guy who had asked her on a "date" that evening: at 10 p.m., he texted to ask if she wanted to join him and "a bunch of friends from college" at the place where they were hanging out:
Turned off, she fired back a text message, politely declining. But in retrospect, she might have adjusted her expectations. "The word 'date‘ should almost be stricken from the dictionary," Ms. Silver said. "Dating culture has evolved to a cycle of text messages, each one requiring the code-breaking skills of a cold war spy to interpret."
"It‘s one step below a date, and one step above a high-five," she added. Dinner at a romantic new bistro? Forget it. Women in their 20s these days are lucky to get a last-minute text to tag along. Raised in the age of so-called "hookup culture," millennials — who are reaching an age where they are starting to think about settling down — are subverting the rules of courtship.
Instead of dinner and a movie, which seems as obsolete as a rotary phone, they rendezvous over phone texts, Facebook posts, instant messages and other "non-dates" that are leaving a generation confused about how to land a boyfriend or girlfriend.
"The new date is 'hanging out,' " said Denise Hewett, 24, an associate television producer in Manhattan, who is currently developing a show about this frustrating new romantic landscape. As one male friend recently told her: "I don‘t like to take girls out. I like to have them join in on what I‘m doing — going to an event, a concert."
(…) Relationship experts point to technology as another factor in the upending of dating culture.
Traditional courtship — picking up the telephone and asking someone on a date — required courage, strategic planning and a considerable investment of ego (by telephone, rejection stings). Not so with texting, e-mail, Twitter or other forms of "asynchronous communication," as techies call it. In the context of dating, it removes much of the need for charm; it‘s more like dropping a line in the water and hoping for a nibble.
"I‘ve seen men put more effort into finding a movie to watch on Netflix Instant than composing a coherent message to ask a woman out," said Anna Goldfarb, 34, an author and blogger in Moorestown, N.J. A typical, annoying query is the last-minute: "Is anything fun going on tonight?" (…)
BY SHANNON DOYNE Disponível em: https://mobile.nytimes.com/blogs/learning/2013/01/14/ is-the-date-a-thing-of-the-past/? Adaptado.
Observe o parágrafo 4: “Instead of dinner and a movie, which seems as obsolete as a rotary phone, they rendezvous over phone texts, Facebook posts, instant messages and other “non-dates” that are leaving a generation confused about how to land a boyfriend or girlfriend.”
As partes sublinhadas contêm, respectivamente,
Excerpt 01: "Protesters say the poorest are being short-changed while the government spends the large bills on new stadiums and glitzy infrastructure for the soccer competition Brazil is hosting next year and the Olympic Games coming in 2016."
I – There is an example of passive voice.
II – There is an example of comparative of adjectives.
III – The noun phrase “glitzy infrastructure for the soccer competition” is formed by a determiner, a pre modifier, a noun and a post modifier.
IV - “while” indicates simultaneous actions.
I. o termo “our” (l.2) é um pronome possessivo e refere-se aos leitores.
II. “which” (l.3) é um pronome relativo, na função de sujeito, e refere-se a “daily activities”.
III. os termos “useless” e “unwanted” (l.5) são formados por afixação.
IV. os modais “can” (l.5) e “may” (l.12) expressam a mesma ideia: possibilidade.
V. os marcadores discursivos “or” (l.3), “and” (l.5) e “but” (l.12) expressam, respectivamente, proporcionalidade, adição e condição.
A alternativa em que todas as afirmativas são verdadeiras é a:
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.
If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.
“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”
But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.
(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices”, o termo sublinhado introduz uma