Questões de Vestibular UNICAMP 2016 para Vestibular

Leia os versos iniciais do poema The White Man’s Burden (O fardo do homem branco).  Take up the White Man’s burden Send forth the best ye breed - Go send your sons to exile To serve your captives' need To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wildYour new-caught, sullen peoples, Half devil and half child (...) (Rudyard Kipling, Rudyard Kipling’s Verse. Disponível em http://kiplingsociety.co.uk/poems_burden.htm. Acessado em 17/10/2016.)  O poema de Rudyard Kipling foi escrito em Londres, em 1898, após a estadia do autor nos EUA. Considerando-se o contexto do imperialismo do século XIX, o poeta expressa 

Survey of geopolitics Geopolitics is a product of its time, and its definitions have evolved accordingly. Rudolphh Kjellén, who coined the term in 1899, described geopolitics as "the theory of the state as a geographical organism or phenomenon in space." For Karl Haushofer, the father of German geopolotik, "Geopolitics is the new national science of the state,(…) a doctrine on the spatial determinism of all political processes, based on the broad foundations of geography, especially of political geography". On the eve of World War II, Derwent Whittlesey, the American political geographer, considered geopolitics "a dogma*... the faith that the state is inherently entitled to its place in the sun". Richard Hartshorne defined it as "geography utilized for particular purposes that lie beyond the pursuit of scientific knowledge". (Adaptado de Saul Bernard Cohen, Geopolitics of the world system. Boston: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003. p.11.) Conforme o texto,

A tirinha ironiza uma suposta característica dos ingleses:

O autor do texto

Considerando o nome da figura - “The Small Talk Thermometer” -, pode-se depreender que a expressão “small talk” se refere a

Ranking Universities by ‘Greenness’

Universities these days are working hard to improve their sustainability credentials, with efforts that include wind power, organic food and competitions to save energy. They are also adding courses related to sustainability and energy. But which university is the greenest?

Several ranking systems have emerged to offer their take. The Princeton Review recently came out with its second annual green ratings. Fifteen colleges earned the highest possible score — including Harvard, Yale and the University of California, Berkeley.

Another group, the Sustainable Endowment Institute’s GreenReportCard.org, rates colleges on several different areas of green compliance, such as recycling, student involvement and green building. Its top grade for overall excellence, an A-, was earned by 15 schools.

(Adaptado de http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/20/ranking-universities-bygreenness/?_r=0. Acessado em 31/08/2016.)

Conforme o texto, universidades norte-americanas estão se empenhando para

Why Everyone Should Read Harry Potter September 9, 2014
Harry Potter is the best selling book series of all time. But it’s had its reproaches. Various Christian groups claimed the books promoted paganism and witchcraft to children. Washington Post book critic Ron Charles called the fact that adults were also hooked on Potter a "bad case of cultural infantilism.” Charles and others also cited a certain artistic banality in massively commercial story-telling, while others criticized Hogwarts, the wizardry academy attended by Potter, for only rewarding innate talents. The Anglo-American writer Christopher Hitchens, on the other hand, praised J. K. Rowling for freeing English children’s literature from dreams of riches and class and snobbery and giving us a world of youthful democracy and diversity. A growing body of evidence suggests that reading Rowling’s work, at least as a youth, might be a good thing. (Adaptado de http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-everyone-shouldread-harry-potter/. Acessado em 02/09/2016.)
A leitura do excerto permite concluir adequadamente que:

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Roman documents discovered We often think that the best information from the Roman world comes from Egypt, where the dryness preserves papyri. However, in Britain the reverse conditions occur. At Vindolanda – a Roman fort located two miles behind Hadrian’s Wall – the humidity preserved wooden writing tablets that were thrown into a bonfire when the fort was evacuated in CE 105. These wooden tablets were one of the most important discoveries made in Roman Britain in the 20th century. They were used not for grand writings but for memoranda and accounts, so they provide the best insight into life in the Roman army found anywhere in the world. One of the tablets says: Octavius to Candidus: “I need money. I have bought 5,000 bushels of grain, and unless you send me some money, I shall lose my deposit and be embarrassed”. (Adaptado de http://www.archaeology.co.uk/specials/the-timeline-ofbritain/vindolanda-2.htm. Acessado em 28/08/2016.)
Os documentos descobertos em Vindolanda