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Q1335808
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Tradução | Translation , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2016 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: FAMERP Prova: VUNESP - 2016 - FAMERP - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q1335808 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The placebo effect: amazing and real

November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling



    The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug. Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
    The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many patients who take a placebo show improvement in their symptoms or condition.

The placebo effect is for real

    Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to those observed among people taking effective medications. In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results have been shown to improve among subsets of research subjects who responded to a placebo.
    Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion. Understanding why certain people improve with placebo treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.

Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin

     The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so. And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common side effect of a particular medication, that person is more likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of commonly prescribed medications.

(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
No trecho do quarto parágrafo “Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion.”, o termo em destaque equivale, em português, a
Alternativas
Q1335314
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2014 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: FAMERP Prova: VUNESP - 2014 - FAMERP - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q1335314 Inglês

Texto 1

Call to halve target for added sugar

People need to more than halve their intake of added sugar to tackle the obesity crisis, according to scientific advice for the government in England.


    A report by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) says sugar added to food or naturally present in fruit juice and honey should account for 5% of energy intake. Many fail to meet the old 10% target. The sugar industry said “demonizing one ingredient” would not “solve the obesity epidemic”
    The body reviewed 600 scientific studies on the evidence of carbohydrates – including sugar – on health to develop the new recommendations. One 330ml can of soft drink would take a typical adult up to the proposed 5% daily allowance, without factoring in sugar from any other source.
    Prof Ian MacDonald, chairman of the SACN working group on carbohydrates, said: “The evidence that we have analyzed shows quite clearly that high free sugars intake in adults is associated with increased energy intake and obesity. There is also an association between sugar-sweetened beverages and type-2 diabetes. In children there is clear demonstration that sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with obesity. By reducing it to 5% you would reduce the risk of all of those things, the challenge will be to get there.”
    The target of 5% of energy intake from free sugars amounts to 25g for women (five to six teaspoons) and 35g (seven to eight teaspoons) for men, based on the average diet.
    Public Health Minister for England, Jane Ellison, said: “We know eating too much sugar can have a significant impact on health, and this advice confirms that. We want to help people make healthier choices and get the nation into healthy habits for life. This report will inform the important debate taking place about sugar.”

(www.bbc.com. Adaptado.)


Texto 2

    Eating more fruits and veggies won’t make you lose weight
    We’re often told to eat more fruits and vegetables, but the chances that you’ll lose weight just by eating more of these foods are slim. New research suggests increased fruit and vegetable intake is only effective for weight loss if you make an effort to reduce your calorie intake overall.
    In other words, you need to exercise or consume fewer calories to shed those pounds.
    Don’t let that stop you from including more fruits and veggies in your diet, though. Even if they don’t directly help you lose weight, these foods still provide a number of health benefits.

(http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com. Adaptado.)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo do texto 2 “the chances that you’ll lose weight just by eating more of these foods are slim.”, a palavra em destaque pode ser substituída, mantendo-se o mesmo sentido da frase, por
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Q1333976
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2018 Banca: ASPEUR Órgão: FEEVALE Prova: ASPEUR - 2018 - FEEVALE - Vestibular de Verão - Prova Objetiva |
Q1333976 Inglês

The word “marginalized” (line 7) CANNOT be replaced by
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Q1333854
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2015 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2015 - CESMAC - Prova Medicina-2015.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO-2 |
Q1333854 Inglês
Read the text/below/and answer following four questions according to it.

Viagra abuse in teens
There are several reasons why teenagers may experiment with erectile dysfunction medication. Of course, a common reason why teens may be tempted to take an erectile dysfunction (ED) medication is out of sexual curiosity. Teens may mistakenly think that these medications will increase sexual potency, make them somehow “better” sexually, or make them last longer. Premature ejaculation is common in this age group, and they may be hoping to find a pill to help. However, they do not realize that Viagra will not help them last longer.
Beyond sexual curiosity, another major reason why some teenagers may think they want Viagra or other erectile dysfunction drugs is that they may have heard a rumor that it can improve their athletic performance. Research has been discussed in The NY Times and NY Daily News about the use of Viagra to relieve constriction of blood vessels in the lungs, improving blood flow, breathing, and athletic endurance.
Another reason why teens may try Viagra or another erectile medication is to attempt to increase the effect of other drugs or alcohol; despite the fact that this is a very dangerous use of these medications. Sometimes this is also related to sports performance, as someone on steroids may think it will enhance the effect of the steroids, or resolve steroidrelated erectile dysfunction. There have also been reports of teenagers and twentysomethings taking Viagra with alcohol or with Ecstasy (the combination called “Sextasy”), since Ecstasy or alcohol may heighten desire while lessening erectile ability. This dangerous combination could be deadly, and at the very least contributes to a reduction of safer sex practices.
Teenagers, (or anyone of any age who does not have clinically diagnosed erectile dysfunction and a prescription from a doctor), must stay away from Viagra, Cialis, Levitra, or any other erectile dysfunction medication. They can certainly cause physical side effects like dizziness, headache, chest tightness, vision problems including loss of vision, irregular heartbeat, and more severe issues. Teachers and parents must teach teenagers about drugs — and sex.
Adaptado de:  <http://sarilocker.com/blog/2009/07/31/viagra-abusein-teens/>
Acessado em 01 de maio de 2015.
In the sentence “…as someone on steroids may think it will enhance the effect of the steroids”, enhance is a synonym of
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Q1321809
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: FUNDATEC Órgão: SEBRAE - SP Prova: FUNDATEC - 2019 - SEBRAE - SP - Vestibular - Graduação em Administração |
Q1321809 Inglês
Para responder à questão, considere o texto abaixo:

Do you have Fobo?
(Source: https://www.stylist.co.uk/life/do-you-have-fobo-why-fear-of-better-options-is-making-us-miserableand-how-to-get-around-it/330254– Adapted) 
Analise as assertivas abaixo e assinale a alternativa correta.
I. A lacuna da linha 27 deveria ser preenchida por On the other hand.
PORQUE
II. Introduz o segundo de dois pontos de vista que se contrastam.
Alternativas
Respostas
46: B
47: D
48: A
49: D
50: A
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