Questões de Vestibular
Foram encontradas 144 questões
Resolva questões gratuitamente!
Junte-se a mais de 4 milhões de concurseiros!
I. In the sentence “President Lula took part in a ceremony that focused firmly on the future” the relative pronoun that can be replaced by which without changing the meaning of the sentence.
II. In the sentence “We have a chip, we have a level that can be used on frontier control, we can guarantee citizenship, and it can guarantee transactions in the virtual world” the modal verb can indicates an ability.
III. The word currently in the sentence “Currently, Brazilians have to deal with a confusing array of identity numbers” can be substituted by the word nowadays without changing the meaning of the sentence.
EVANS, Stephen. Disponível em: <www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/2011/05/110518_witn_electric_cars_page.shtml>. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2011.
Read TEXT 1 below and answer question
TEXT 1
World Health Officials Describe Progress Against Tetanus, H.I.V. and Malaria
Infant and maternal tetanus was officially eliminated from the Americas this year, the Pan American Health Organization
announced on Thursday. At one time, the infection killed about 10,000 newborns annually in the Western Hemisphere; tetanus
still kills about 35,000 infants around the world. It was one of several significant global health advances, including new programs
against malaria and H.I.V., announced last week in conjunction with the meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in
New York.
Haiti was the last country in the Americas to eliminate neonatal tetanus. That does not mean complete eradication,
because the bacteria that cause tetanus exist everywhere in soil and animal droppings. Rather, elimination means that
thanks to vaccination of mothers and clean birth procedures — less than one case occurs per 1,000 live births.
The Americas have generally led the world in eliminating diseases for which vaccines exist. In this hemisphere, smallpox
was eliminated in 1971, polio in 1994, rubella in 2015 and measles in 2016 (the diseases are sometimes reintroduced, as
measles was at Disneyland in 2014, but outbreaks are usually brought quickly under control).
Also this week, the President’s Malaria Initiative said it would expand its work to new countries in West and Central
Africa, protecting 90 million more people. The initiative, founded in 2005 as part of the United States Agency for International
Development, has been a major force in driving down worldwide malaria deaths by about 40 percent in the past decade. The
disease most often kills young children and pregnant women. The expansion in Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Niger, Sierra Leone
and Burkina Faso was made possible because Congress increased funding for the initiative in fiscal year 2017, a representativ
said
In his speech to the United Nations on Tuesday, President Trump praised the malaria initiative and the President’s
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief as examples of leadership in humanitarian assistance by the United States.
A combination of aid agencies, drug companies and g
cocktail to treat H.I.V. would soon be available to 92 countries, including virtually all of Africa, for about $75 a year. The new AIDS cocktail is the first available in poor countries to contain dolutegravir, which is widely used in wealthy countries because it is highly effective and has few side effects. The pill also contains lamivudine, an older but still effective drug, and tenof
disoproxil fumarate, another modern drug whose inclus
effects and resistance.
Almost 37 million people in the world have H.I.V., according to Unaids, the U.N.’s AIDS-fighting agency, but fewer than 20 million are now on antiretroviral medicine, which not only saves their lives but prevents them from passing on the disease.
McNEIL Jr., Donald. Disponível em: < https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/22/health/world-health-tetanus-infants.html?mcubz=1>. Acesso em: 22/09/2017.
Text1
Autism's Drug Problem
Many people on the spectrum take multiple medications, which can lead to serious side effects and may not even be effective
Connor was diagnosed with autism early — when he was just 18 months old. His condition was already obvious by then. “He
was lining things up, switching lights on and off, on and off,” says his mother, Melissa. He was bright, but he didn’t speak much
until age 3, and he was easily frustrated. Once he started school, he couldn’t sit still in class, called out answers without raising
his hand and got visibly upset when he couldn’t master a math concept or a handwriting task quickly enough. “One time, he
rolled himself up into the carpet like a burrito and wouldn’t come out until I got there,” Melissa recalls. (All families in this story
are identified by first name only, to protect their privacy.)
Connor was prescribed his first psychiatric drug, methylphenidate (Ritalin), at age 6. That didn’t last long, but when he was 7,
his parents tried again. A psychiatrist suggested a low dose of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (Adderall), a stimulant
commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The drug seemed to improve his time at school: He was
able to sit still for longer periods of time and focus on what his teachers were saying. His chicken-scratch handwriting became
legible. Then, it became neat. Then perfect. And then it became something Connor began to obsess over.
“We were told that these are the gives and takes; if it’s helping him enough to get through school, you have to decide if it’s worth
it,” Melissa says. It was worth it — for a while.
But when the Adderall wore off each day, Connor had a tougher time than ever. He spent afternoons crying and refusing to do
much of anything. The stimulant made it difficult for him to fall asleep at night. So after a month or two, his psychiatrist added a
second medication — guanfacine (Intuniv), which is commonly prescribed for ADHD, anxiety and hypertension, but can also
help with insomnia. The psychiatrist hoped it might both ease Connor’s afternoons and help him sleep.
In some ways, it had the opposite effect. His afternoons did get slightly better, but Connor developed intense mood swings and
was so irritable that every evening was a struggle. Rather than simply tossing and turning in bed, he refused to even get under
the covers. “He wouldn’t go to bed because he was always angry about something,” Melissa says. “He was getting himself all
wound up, carrying on, getting upset at night and crying.”
wound up, carrying on, getting upset at night and crying.”
After seven months, his parents declared the combination unsustainable. They swapped guanfacine for over-the-counter
melatonin, which helped Connor fall asleep with no noticeable side effects. But within a year, he had acquired a tolerance for
Adderall. Connor’s psychiatrist increased his dosage and that, in turn, triggered tics: Connor began jerking his head and
snorting. Finally, at his 9-year physical, his doctor discovered that he’d only grown a few inches since age 7. He also hadn’t
gained any weight in two years; he’d dropped from the 50th percentile in weight to the 5th.
That was the end of all the experiments. His parents took him off all prescription drugs, and today, at almost 13 years old,
Connor is still medication-free. His tics have mostly disappeared. Although he has trouble maintaining focus in class, his mother
says that the risk-benefit ratio of trying another drug doesn’t seem worth it. “Right now we’re able to handle life without it, so we
do.”
(...)
For Connor, eliminating prescription drugs was difficult, but doable. For others, multiple medications may seem indispensable.
It’s not unusual for children with autism to take two, three, even four medications at once. Many adults with the condition do so,
too. Data are scant in both populations, but what little information there is suggests multiple prescriptions are even more
common among adults with autism than in children. Clinicians are particularly concerned about children with the condition
because psychiatric medications can have long-lasting effects on their developing brains, and yet are rarely tested in children.
In general, polypharmacy — most often defined as taking more than one prescription medication at once — is commonplace in
people with autism. In one study of more than 33,000 people under age 21 with the condition, at least 35 percent had taken two
psychotropic medications simultaneously; 15 percent had taken three.
“Psychotropic medications are used pretty extensively in people with autism because there aren’t a lot of treatments available,”
says Lisa Croen, director of the Autism Research Program at Kaiser Permanente in Oakland, California. “Is heavy drug use
bad? That’s the question. We don’t know; it hasn’t been studied.”
Disponível em: <https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/autisms-drug-problem/>. Texto adaptado.