Questões Militares Sobre formação de palavras (prefixos e sufixos) | word formation (prefix and suffix) em inglês

Foram encontradas 24 questões

Q2280157 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão. 

Read Your Way Through Salvador 

By Itamar Vieira Junior and translated by Johnny Lorenz. July 19, 2023.

I was born in Salvador, in the Brazilian state of Bahia, and lived in the general vicinity until I reached the age of 15. But it was when I left that I really came to know my city. How was I able to discover more about my birthplace while traveling far from home? It might sound rather clichéd but, I assure you, literature made this possible: It took me on a journey, long and profound, back home, enveloping me in words and imagination. 

To understand the formation of our unique society and, consequently, the cityscape of Salvador, one should read, before anything else, “The Story of Rufino: Slavery, Freedom and Islam in the Black Atlantic,” by João José Reis, Flávio dos Santos Gomes and Marcus J.M. de Carvalho. Rufino was an alufá, or Muslim spiritual leader, born in the Oyo empire in present-day Nigeria and enslaved during his adolescence. “The Story of Rufino” is an epic tale, encapsulating the life of one man in search of freedom as well as the history of the development of Salvador itself, a place inextricably linked with the diaspora across the Black Atlantic. Another book for which I have deep affection is “The City of Women,” by the American anthropologist Ruth Landes. It offers an intriguing perspective, focusing on matriarchal power in candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian sacred practice, and revealing how the social organization of its spiritual communities reverberates across the city.

If you want to feel the intensity of life on the streets of Salvador, these two books, both by Amado, are indispensable: “Captains of the Sands” and “Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands.” The first is a coming-of-age story in which we follow a group of children and adolescents living on the streets and on the beaches around the Bay of All Saints. Written more than 80 years ago, the book was banned and even burned in the public square during the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in the first half of the 20th century. As a portrait of Salvador, it is still relevant and reveals our deep inequalities. “Dona Flor and her Two Husbands” is one of Amado’s most popular novels, translated into more than 30 languages and adapted many times for theater, cinema, and television. The book is a kind of manifesto for a woman’s liberation. Dona Flor possesses great culinary talent, and oppressed by a patriarchal society, finds herself divided between two men, one being her deceased husband. While the novel captures the daily life of the city in the 1940s, it is also a wonderful guide to the cuisine of Salvador, with its African and Portuguese influences.

I invite readers to travel into the interior of Bahia, many hours by car from Salvador to the region known as the Sertão, whose name translates loosely to “backwoods.” Two books can also transport you there, and they are sides of the same story: “Backlands: The Canudos Campaign,” by Euclides da Cunha, and “The War of the End of the World,” by Mario Vargas Llosa. 

“Backlands” is one of the most important works in the history of Brazilian literature. It is a journalistic telling that introduces us not only to the brutal War of Canudos, but also to the intriguing landscape of the Sertão, a place so full of contradictions. In his writing of the conflict, da Cunha tells the story of the genesis of the tough sertanejo: a mythic, cowboyesque figure of the drought-stricken, lawless interior. “The War of the End of the World” is an essential epic that amplifies the narrative of “Backlands,” bringing a more imaginative, creative aspect to the story of Antônio Conselheiro, the spiritual leader of a rebellion, and of the multitude that followed him to their deaths.

[Fonte: “Read Your Way Through Salvador”. In: The New York Times, 19/07/2023,<http://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/19/books/salvador-bahia-brazil-books.html> . Adaptado. Data de acesso: 01/09/2023.]
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “As a portrait of Salvador, it is still relevant and reveals our deep inequalities”, o termo sublinhado contém um prefixo de negação. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta o termo que NÃO contém prefixo de negação.
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Q2259759 Inglês
        Many assumptions of a communicative orientation towards language teaching need questioning in a global context. Ozóg (1989) discusses the idea of the ‘information gap’, which is supposed to induce students to speak. ‘Are we as Europeans’, he asks, ‘not making a cultural assumption that speakers the world over are uneasy in silence and that they have an overwhelming desire to fill gaps which occur in natural discourse?’ (p.399). Silence is a salient feature of conversation in the Malay world, he points out, a feature that has also been noted in Japan and a number of other cultures.
       Indeed, the whole question of requiring others to speak needs to be questioned in terms of both cultural and gender differences. The point here is not to exoticize some notion of cultural difference, but rather to suggest that language is a cultural practice, that both language and thinking about language are always located in very particular social, cultural and political contexts. How language (including silence, paralanguage, and so on) is used, therefore, differs extensively from one context to another, and thus any approach to language teaching based on one particular view of language may be completely inapplicable in another context. If particular language teaching practices (advertised and exported as the best, newest and most scientific) support certain views of language, then such practices clearly present a particular cultural politics and make the English language classroom a site of struggle over different ways of thinking about and dealing with language.

(A. Pennycook, The Cultural Politics of English as an International
Language.London and New York: Routledge. 2017. Adaptado)

Knowledge of word formation processes in the English language helps to understand the meaning of the verb in bold in “The point here is not to exoticize some notion of cultural difference” (paragraph 2) as
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Q1989741 Inglês

Multilingualism needs to be understood not so much in terms of separate monolingualisms (adding English to one or more other languages) but rather in much more fluid terms. We can start to think of ELT classrooms in terms of principled polycentrism (Pennycook, 2014). This is not the polycentrism of a World Englishes focus, with its established or fixed norms of regional varieties of English, but a more fluid concept, based on the idea that students are developing complex repertoires of multilingual and multimodal resources. This enables us to think in terms of ELT as developing resourceful speakers who are able to use available language resources and to shift between styles, discourses, registers and genres. This brings the recent sociolinguistic emphasis on repertoires and resources into conversation with a focus on the need to learn how to negotiate and accommodate, rather than to be proficient in one variety of English. So an emerging goal of ELT may be less towards proficient native-speaker-like speakers (which has always been a confused and misguided goal), and to think instead in terms of resourceful speakers (Pennycook, 2012) who can draw on multiple linguistic and semiotic resources.

(Pennycook, A. The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language. London and New York: Routledge. 2017. Adaptado)

The word “misguided”, in the last sentence of the text, has a negative connotation due to the prefix mis-. Negative prefixes have also been added to the words in alternative:
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Q1695465 Inglês
Choose the option with the correct prefixes to complete the sentences below.

I. Computing systems often deliberately _____ classify sensitive information.
II. Since then, every time I felt stressed, _____ aligned, or dissatisfied, I would refer back to them to get the source of my frustration." ·
III. My son-in-law was talking and acting in an ____ appropriate manner at the party.
IV. Crooks sometimes ____ run the police.
V. She had difficulty in writing anything but scribbles because she was ____ patient.
VI. Her latest article is quite ____ similar from the previous one.
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Q949366 Inglês
O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.

More than 100 South African gold miners treated for smoke inhalation

    JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) – Hundreds of South African gold mine workers were rescued and over 100 treated for smoke inhalation after an underground fire, the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) said on Thursday.
    Safety is a huge issue in South Africa’s dangerous deep-level mines and a focus for investors. A spate of deaths at SibanyeStillwater’s gold operations, including a seismic event that killed seven miners in early May, has highlighted the risks.
    In the latest incident, more than 600 miners were initially trapped after a fire broke out at a mine east of Johannesburg operated by unlisted Gold One, NUM said.
    This comes almost two weeks after five miners died in an underground fire at a South African copper mine operated by unlisted Palabora Mining Company in Limpopo.
    Company officials could not immediately be reached for comment.
    “As the NUM, we vehemently condemn this kind of incident as it is becoming a trend”, the union said in a statement.

(Disponível em: <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-mining-fire/more-than-100-south-african-gold-miners-treated-for-smoke-inhalation-idUS KBN1KG294>.)
Gold One and Palabora Mining Company operate South African mines. Both companies have one aspect in common: they are unlisted. This means that these companies:
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Q848699 Inglês
Choose the alternative in which the prefix ‘in-’ was used to form an opposite.
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Q679299 Inglês
The only word that has the same suffix as in “astronomer” (line 5) is
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Q670073 Inglês
A terrible thing happened to teacher Emma Rodriguez last year. Her little son, Edgar, drank some floor cleaner. She took him to the hospital. Edgar was OK and out of danger. But Emma decided that she wanted to make her home safer and happier. 
In “teacher”, underlined in the paragraph, the suffix –“er” has the same function as the one in
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Q669210 Inglês
unborn baby”, the underlined word means
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Q668171 Inglês
If the treatments are unproven, (line 3), it means that they _________________.
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Q668082 Inglês
In “researchers”, (line 3), the suffix – “er ” has the same function as the one in
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Q659680 Inglês
In “later”, (line 4), the suffix – “er” has the same function as the one in
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Q645313 Inglês
In which option all the suffixes are correctly used?
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Q645171 Inglês

                           NATO ships, helicopters hunt down 7 pirates

      NAIROBI, Kenya - NATO warships and helicopters pursued Somali pirates for seven hours after they attacked a Norwegian tanker, NATO spokesmen said Sunday, and the high-speed chase only ended when warning shots were fired at the pirates' skiff. Seven pirates attempted to attack the Norwegian-flagged MV Front Ardenne late Saturday but fled after crew took evasive maneuvers and alerted warships in the area, said Portuguese Lt. Cmdr. Alexandre Santos Fernandes, aboard a warship in the Gulf of Aden, and Cmdr. Chris Davies, of NATais maritime headquarters in England.

      "How the attack was thwarted is unclear, it appears to have been the actions of the tanker," Davies said. Fernandes said no shots were fired at the tanker.

      Davies said the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden. The American ship USS Halyburton was also in the area and joined the chase. 

      "There was a lengthy pursuit, over seven hours," Davies said. The pirates hurled weapons into the dark seas as the Canadian and U.S. warships closed in. The ships are part of NATais anti-piracy mission.

      "The skiff abandoned the scene and tried to escape to Somali territory," Fernandes said. "It was heading toward Bossaso but we managed to track them. Warning shots have been made after several attempts to stop the vessel."

      Both ships deployed helicopters, and naval officers hailed the pirates over loudspeakers and finally fired warning shots to stop them, Fernandes said, but not before the pirates had dumped most of their weapons overboard. NATO forces boarded the skiff, where they found a rocketpropelled grenade, and interrogated, disarmed and released the pirates.

      The pirates cannot be prosecuted under Canadian law because they did not attack Canadian citizens or interests and the crime was not committed on Canadian territory.

      "When a ship is part of NATO, the detention of a person is a matter for the national authorities," Fernandes said. "It stops being a NATO issue and starts being a national issue." 

      The pirates' release underscores the difficulties navies have in fighting rampant piracy off the coast of lawless Somalia. Most of the time, foreign navies simply disarm and release the pirates they catch due to legal complications and logistical difficulties in transporting pirates and witnesses to court.

      Pirates have attacked more than 80 boats this year alone, four times the number assaulted in 2003, according to the Kuala Lumpur-based International Maritime Bureau. They now hold at least 18 ships - including a Belgian tanker seized Saturday with 10 crew aboard - and over 310 crew hostage, according to an Associated Press count.

                                                                                 (Adapted from: www.ap.org, 04/19/09) 

The suffix "ly" forms adverbs of manner from adjectives as, for example, in: caIm (adjective) caImIy (adverb of manner) .Which of the adjectives below DOES NOT follow this rule?
Alternativas
Q645160 Inglês

                           NATO ships, helicopters hunt down 7 pirates

      NAIROBI, Kenya - NATO warships and helicopters pursued Somali pirates for seven hours after they attacked a Norwegian tanker, NATO spokesmen said Sunday, and the high-speed chase only ended when warning shots were fired at the pirates' skiff. Seven pirates attempted to attack the Norwegian-flagged MV Front Ardenne late Saturday but fled after crew took evasive maneuvers and alerted warships in the area, said Portuguese Lt. Cmdr. Alexandre Santos Fernandes, aboard a warship in the Gulf of Aden, and Cmdr. Chris Davies, of NATais maritime headquarters in England.

      "How the attack was thwarted is unclear, it appears to have been the actions of the tanker," Davies said. Fernandes said no shots were fired at the tanker.

      Davies said the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden. The American ship USS Halyburton was also in the area and joined the chase. 

      "There was a lengthy pursuit, over seven hours," Davies said. The pirates hurled weapons into the dark seas as the Canadian and U.S. warships closed in. The ships are part of NATais anti-piracy mission.

      "The skiff abandoned the scene and tried to escape to Somali territory," Fernandes said. "It was heading toward Bossaso but we managed to track them. Warning shots have been made after several attempts to stop the vessel."

      Both ships deployed helicopters, and naval officers hailed the pirates over loudspeakers and finally fired warning shots to stop them, Fernandes said, but not before the pirates had dumped most of their weapons overboard. NATO forces boarded the skiff, where they found a rocketpropelled grenade, and interrogated, disarmed and released the pirates.

      The pirates cannot be prosecuted under Canadian law because they did not attack Canadian citizens or interests and the crime was not committed on Canadian territory.

      "When a ship is part of NATO, the detention of a person is a matter for the national authorities," Fernandes said. "It stops being a NATO issue and starts being a national issue." 

      The pirates' release underscores the difficulties navies have in fighting rampant piracy off the coast of lawless Somalia. Most of the time, foreign navies simply disarm and release the pirates they catch due to legal complications and logistical difficulties in transporting pirates and witnesses to court.

      Pirates have attacked more than 80 boats this year alone, four times the number assaulted in 2003, according to the Kuala Lumpur-based International Maritime Bureau. They now hold at least 18 ships - including a Belgian tanker seized Saturday with 10 crew aboard - and over 310 crew hostage, according to an Associated Press count.

                                                                                 (Adapted from: www.ap.org, 04/19/09) 

In the sentence "There was a 1engthy pursuit, over seven hours", there is a word formed by the suffix "y". In which option below the word is formed by the same suffix?
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Q644672 Inglês
The prefix un as in ‘unclear’ (line 17) is used correctly in all alternatives EXCEPT:
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Q543128 Inglês
In lines 2 – 3: “(…) and despite an unresolved lawsuit that has delayed the project (...)”, the word in bold is formed by the prefix 'un'. In which option below the word is not correctly formed by the same prefix ?
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Q537363 Inglês
The words “efficiency” and “brevity” (both in line 13) follow, respectively, the same rule of word formation as in
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Q504244 Inglês
Born on October 23, 1940, in Três Corações, Brazil, soccer legend Pelé became a superstar with his performance in the 1958 World Cup. Pelé played professionally in Brazil for two decades, (35)__________ three World Cups along the way, before joining the New York Cosmos late in his career. Named FIFA co-Player of the Century in 1999, he is a global ambassador for soccer and other (36)____________ causes.
The world was officially introduced to Pelé in the 1958 World Cup in Sweden. Displaying (37)_____________ speed, athleticism and field vision, the 17-year-old erupted to score three goals in a 5-2 semifinal win over France, then netted two more in the finals, a 5-2 win over the host country.
Retirement did little to diminish the public profile of Pelé, who (38)______________ a popular pitchman and active in many professional arenas.
In 1978, Pelé was awarded the International Peace Award for his work with UNICEF. He has also served (39) __________ Brazil's Extraordinary Minister for Sport and a United Nations ambassador for ecology and the environment.

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Para a questão, escolha a alternativa que complete a sentença CORRETAMENTE
Alternativas
Q380573 Inglês
Mark the option in which only one question is grammatically correct.
Alternativas
Respostas
1: C
2: A
3: B
4: A
5: A
6: B
7: D
8: C
9: B
10: C
11: C
12: D
13: C
14: B
15: E
16: E
17: E
18: D
19: D
20: C