Questões Militares de Inglês

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Ano: 2024 Banca: PM-MG Órgão: PM-MG Prova: PM-MG - 2024 - PM-MG - Soldado |
Q3055951 Inglês
TEXT I


Drones, robots, license plate readers: Police grapple with community concerns as they turn to tech for their Jobs



       Last year, police in Mountain View, Calif., knew they had a potentially dangerous situation on their hands when a man barricaded himself inside an unlocked three-story townhouse along with the homeowners.


        Police received a call from the homeowners, who said the man was armed with a knife. They didn’t know whether they could safely enter the home and they didn’t know the man’s intentions. So instead of taking any risk, police called in their trusty sidekick: A camera-equipped drone.


       Officers on the ground used the drone to live stream video from the second- and third-floor windows, giving them the opportunity to assess the gravity of the situation and the location of the suspect. They quickly learned the man did not have any visible weapons on him.


        “There was no risk to life, so we let him sit in there and did our best to communicate with him,” said Lt. Scott Nelson of the Mountain View Police Department. “No use of force was needed.”


       Police across the United States are increasingly relying on emerging technologies to make their jobs more efficient. They are using drones, license plate readers, body cameras and gunshot detection systems to reduce injury and bodily harm. The move comes as some law enforcement agencies are struggling with retention and hiring during the pandemic, when hundreds of cops in cities including Los Angeles and New York were sidelined because of the spread of the coronavirus. As police departments determine which technologies to adopt, they are also grappling with growing concerns about privacy that these technologies bring and potential complications they could create for officers on the job.


        “Tech can be a great tool for law enforcement to use,” said Sgt. James Smallwood, Nashville-based treasurer of the national Fraternal Order of Police. But “as with anything else, we have to balance the line of privacy and meeting the expectation to promote public safety.”


      DJI, the Chinese tech company that makes many of the drones adopted by police departments, said more than 1,000 police departments across the country use some type of drone. Drones are proving to be a police force multiplier across the nation, aiding with everything from lost children to dangerous suspects to crash reconstruction. But Lisberg doesn’t think they’ll ever replace police officers.


       “You need a sense of humanity at work in policing,” he said. “A drone is a tool that helps accomplish the goals [police] already have. [To] do it better, safely and more efficiently.”


        Drones aren’t the only tech tools that police say have made them more efficient. More than 120 cities are using gunshot detection systems, which alert police to gunfire within the devices’ coverage area.


        The systems use sensors and algorithms that can identify and determine which loud bangs are probably gunshots. Within about 60 seconds, they can alert police to the precise location in which the gunshots were heard. That allows police to better deploy their resources.


       “Police chiefs are looking for innovative ways to deal with the responsibilities they have,” he said. “They’re finding ways to provide them even in areas where budgets are tight.”


         To be sure, not all of the technology is proving to be positive, says Griffith of Houston’s police union. He noted that while tech can add a level of efficiency, it also can increase stress levels for officers, who have been experiencing increased scrutiny for excessive use of force and discriminatory practices in recent years. Body cameras, for example, can help police and the community better understand the details around an incident in which an officer resorted to use of force. But the cameras also can catch small, sometimes minor policy violations from police that don’t affect the overall outcome of any situation, such as whether a police officer buckled his seat belt before pressing the gas, Griffith said.


        “We know that there will be more tech coming,” he said. “But we pray it’s something that will help [officers] and not make it to where they have to be perfect every minute of every day.”


        Police also have to walk a fine line when it comes to implementing new technology, taking into account the community’s comfort level and privacy concerns, they say.


     Farhang Heydari, executive director of the nonprofit Policing Project at New York University School of Law, said he’s mostly concerned with increasing access to private cameras and third-party databases and the ability to tie them together, which could create a new kind of surveillance, he said.


      That has the potential to magnify some of the harms of policing, like the overenforcement of low-level crime or the exacerbation of racial disparities. Ultimately, Heydari says, police shouldn’t be charged with deciding on their own what technology to use. Regulators and communities should, he said. 



ABRIL, Daniela. The Washington Post. March 9, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/03/09/police-technologies-future-of-work-dronesai-robots/ Acesso em: 21 janeiro 2024 (Texto adaptado). 
De acordo com o texto I, qual a principal razão pela qual os departamentos de polícia estão a utilizar cada vez mais as tecnologias emergentes?
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Q2567209 Inglês
Concerning the underlined pronouns (l. 11),  
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Q2567207 Inglês
Consider the passages below:

“I wanna leave my footprints on the sands of time” (l. 1) “Leave something to remember, so they won’t forget” (l. 5)

It’s possible to understand that
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Q2567205 Inglês
TEXT III


The world is changing


Posted on April 4, 2020 by Sandy Millin
The title of this week’s post is inspired by this cartoon from
Michael Leunig which appeared on my Facebook stream this
week:









Adapted from: https://sandymillin.wordpress.com/2020/04/04
/the-world-is-changing/ Accessed on March 06th, 2024
The underlined word “ever” 
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Q2567204 Inglês
TEXT III


The world is changing


Posted on April 4, 2020 by Sandy Millin
The title of this week’s post is inspired by this cartoon from
Michael Leunig which appeared on my Facebook stream this
week:









Adapted from: https://sandymillin.wordpress.com/2020/04/04
/the-world-is-changing/ Accessed on March 06th, 2024
The duck from the comic strip thinks life is 
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Q2547480 Inglês

Leia o texto e responda a questão.


Read the text and provide responses to question.



California woman arrested in theft of 65 Stanley cups - valued at nearly $2,500


By C Mandler

January 22, 2024 / 3:05 PM EST / CBS News


On Jan. 17, police in Roseville, California, discovered a 23-year-old woman had allegedly absconded with 65 Stanley cups from a nearby store — worth nearly $2,500.


"Staff saw a woman take a shopping cart full of Stanley water bottles without paying for them," said the Roseville Police Department in a statement on Facebook.


After being confronted by retail staff, the woman refused to stop, stuffing the cups into her car. She was subsequently arrested on a charge of grand theft and has yet to be identified by officers.


"While Stanley Quenchers are all the rage, we strongly advise against turning to crime to fulfill your hydration habits," said the Roseville police.


One commenter on the post pointed out that in addition to the trove of cups in the trunk and front seat, there was also a bright red Stanley cup in the cup holder, which they hoped police also confiscated. Colorful Stanley cups caused consumer mayhem earlier this month when the brand dropped a limited-edition batch of Valentine's Day colors of the popular tumbler at in-Target Starbucks locations.


Viral video showed shoppers running toward displays of the cups, as well as long lines of consumers waiting to get their hands on one of the coveted Quenchers.


https://www.cbsnews.com/news/stanley-cups-theft-california-target-2500-65/ (First published on January 22, 2024 /3:05PM EST)


C Mandler is a social media producer and trending topics writer for CBS News, focusing on American politics and LGBTQ+ issues.



FIGURA 1




Fonte: CBS NEWS, 2024. 

Based on the information provided in the text, select the correct statement explaining why the Roseville police advised against involvement in criminal activities: 
Alternativas
Q2547479 Inglês

Leia o texto e responda a questão.


Read the text and provide responses to question.



California woman arrested in theft of 65 Stanley cups - valued at nearly $2,500


By C Mandler

January 22, 2024 / 3:05 PM EST / CBS News


On Jan. 17, police in Roseville, California, discovered a 23-year-old woman had allegedly absconded with 65 Stanley cups from a nearby store — worth nearly $2,500.


"Staff saw a woman take a shopping cart full of Stanley water bottles without paying for them," said the Roseville Police Department in a statement on Facebook.


After being confronted by retail staff, the woman refused to stop, stuffing the cups into her car. She was subsequently arrested on a charge of grand theft and has yet to be identified by officers.


"While Stanley Quenchers are all the rage, we strongly advise against turning to crime to fulfill your hydration habits," said the Roseville police.


One commenter on the post pointed out that in addition to the trove of cups in the trunk and front seat, there was also a bright red Stanley cup in the cup holder, which they hoped police also confiscated. Colorful Stanley cups caused consumer mayhem earlier this month when the brand dropped a limited-edition batch of Valentine's Day colors of the popular tumbler at in-Target Starbucks locations.


Viral video showed shoppers running toward displays of the cups, as well as long lines of consumers waiting to get their hands on one of the coveted Quenchers.


https://www.cbsnews.com/news/stanley-cups-theft-california-target-2500-65/ (First published on January 22, 2024 /3:05PM EST)


C Mandler is a social media producer and trending topics writer for CBS News, focusing on American politics and LGBTQ+ issues.



FIGURA 1




Fonte: CBS NEWS, 2024. 

Given the context provided in the article, select the potential motives behind the woman's decision to steal the cups. 
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IBFC Órgão: CBM-PB Prova: IBFC - 2023 - CBM-PB - Soldado BM - Combatente |
Q2544112 Inglês
Car crashes into second floor of Pennsylvania home 

    A man drove his car into the second floor of a Pennsylvania home on Sunday in what officials say was an "intentional act".
    Charges are pending against the driver after police found a grey vehicle sticking out of the side of the house in the city of Lewistown.
    Officials have not said how exactly the vehicle made its way to the second floor.   
    "The pictures speak for themselves", a fire official told the BBC. 
    Anywhere from one to three people were inside the home at the time of the crash but were not injured, according to Sam Baumgardner, an administrator at the Junction Fire Company, which assisted in the response to the crash.
    The driver was able to climb out onto the roof after the crash and was taken to the hospital with injuries, Mr Baumgardner said.
    He added that the car likely hit the second floor because of a culvert - a tunnel that carries a stream under a road or railway - on the left side of the house.
  The driver "went into the culvert and propelled into the air and landed on the second floor", Mr Baumgardner said.
    In a report, Lewistown police said they had determined through an investigation that the crash was "an intentional act".
    Officials added that the driver will face charges for the crash.
    The BBC has reached out to police for comment.
    The fire department said it took about three hours to remove the car from the second floor.
    "The crew that was on the rescue definitely had to think outside the box," Mr Baumgardner said.
    Rescue crews helped stabilise the house and put a tarp over the hole from the crash because of upcoming storms, the Junction Fire Company said in a post on Facebook.

Internet: BBC News  

A expressão "pensar fora da caixa" significa:
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Q2509824 Inglês
Complete the text using the articles a, an, the or X (when no article is required):


“Bright Star is a joint exercise. It is _____ important part of combat training. Servicemen and women from _____ army, navy and air force participate in _____ exercise. It takes place in _____ north-east of Egypt, near _____ Mediterranean. They practise military skills.”
Alternativas
Q2509823 Inglês
Which sequence of quantifiers completes the text correctly and meaningfully?


“As a soldier you may not make _____ money but you’ll make _____ true friends. Perhaps you’ll have _____ idle time than you expected but you’ll get a lot of glory in serving in your country.” 
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Q2509822 Inglês
Rewrite the verbs in parentheses in the correct verb tense (Simple Past or Present Perfect) according to the context.

NON-COMISSIONED OFFICER OF THE YEAR


COMBAT ARMS NCO ACADEMY (ESA), Três Corações – Sergeant Major Rodrigo Pereira Menezes __________ (be) 17 years old when he ________ (decide) to become an NCO. He _______ (join) the Brazilian Army in March 7, 1994. He _______ (be) in the Army for 29 years. Since his graduation, he _______ (serve) in five different states across Brazil. For his exemplary service and impeccable career, the Combat Arms NCO Academy awards SGT MAJ Menezes with the prize NCO of the Year.
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Q2509821 Inglês
Read the text about The Soldier’s Life: Radio Basics.

The Soldier’s Life: Radio Basics

Radios are vital military tools. They allow soldiers to stay in contact during combat and other operations. Most radios are made to hop frequencies. This system prevents enemy from listening to the full conversations. The SINCGARS (man-pack) and AN/PRC-148 (handheld) are common military radios.

Choose the right option to answer the question: What’s the meaning of “stay in contact” in the text? 
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Ano: 2023 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsSA Prova: Exército - 2023 - EsSA - Sargento - Geral |
Q2509787 Inglês

Read the comic strip.


Imagem associada para resolução da questão



All the statements are correct with one exception. Now mark the only statement that is wrong according to the comic strip.

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Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: CBM-RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - CBM-RJ - Cadete do Corpo de Bombeiro |
Q2463482 Inglês
Read Text I and answer the question that follow it

Text I
Impact of Climate Change on Firefighting Extends Beyond Wildfires

     Global warming is often mentioned as a factor in the accelerating frequency and intensity of wildfires. However, there are other consequences of global warming that impact the fire service, including new hazards and medical emergencies, emerging training challenges, population migration, and technology developments.
    Climate change is often discussed as a future event. However, the impact of wildfires is just the most obvious example of how climate change is already impacting the world, and fire and emergency personnel will be called on to mitigate the effects.
    The most obvious and extreme impact of global warming can be seen in the increase of frequency and intensity of wildfires. Hotter and drier weather is extending the wildfire season (maybe to become year-round?). Higher temperatures, low humidity, less rainfall, and high wind increase the likelihood of wildfires.

Adapted from: https://www.thebigredguide.com/insights/impact-climate-changefirefighting-extends-wildfires-editor-s-dispatch.1645685564.html
Based on Text I, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).

I. The effects of climate change exclude wildfires.
II. Global warming is not a current problem.
III. The number of wildfires has been on the rise.

The statements are, respectively,
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Q2350475 Inglês
Text 1A2-II


         Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. About 6-7 million people worldwide are estimated to be infected with T. cruzi. The disease is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 continental Latin American countries, where it has been mostly transmitted to humans and other mammals by contact with feces or urine of triatomine bugs (vector-borne), known as kissing bugs, among many other popular names, depending on the geographical area.

        Chagas disease is named after Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas, a Brazilian physician and researcher who discovered the disease in 1909. Chagas disease was once entirely confined to continental rural areas of the Region of the Americas (excluding the Caribbean islands). Due to increased population mobility over previous decades, most infected people now live in urban settings and the infection has been increasingly detected in the United States of America, Canada, and many European and some African, Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific countries.

           Chagas disease’s transmission is caused by T. cruzi parasites, which are mainly transmitted by contact with feces/urine of infected blood-sucking triatomine bugs. Normally they hide during the day and become active at night when they feed on animal blood, including human blood. They usually bite an exposed area of skin such as the face (hence its common name, kissing bug), and the bug defecates or urinates close to the bite. The parasites enter the body when the person instinctively smears the bug’s feces or urine into the bite, other skin breaks, the eyes, or the mouth. T. cruzi can also be transmitted by consumption of food or beverages contaminated with T. cruzi through, for example, contact with feces or urine of infected triatomine bugs or common opossums. This kind of transmission typically causes outbreaks with more severe cases and mortality; passage from an infected mother to her newborn during pregnancy or childbirth; blood or blood product transfusion from infected donors; some organ transplants using organs from infected donors; and laboratory accidents.


Internet: <who.int>  (adapted). 
Regarding the transmission of Chagas disease, according to text 1A2-II, judge the following items.

I Blood product transfusion from infected donors can transmit the disease.
II The also called kissing bug’s feces and urine carry the protozoan parasite.
III Infected pregnant women cannot contaminate their babies during pregnancy or childbirth.
IV Contaminated food or drinks can transmit Chagas disease to people.

Choose the correct option. 
Alternativas
Q2350472 Inglês
Text 1A2-I


           In 2020, the state of California experienced its worst wildfire season on record, with the Bay Area fire becoming one of the largest wildfires in American history. By the end of the year, the state recorded more than 8,600 blazes that burned down over 4 million acres of land, accounting for more than 4% of the state’s total land area.

         California is known for its wildfire seasons, which usually take place between late summer and early autumn, though they have been getting significantly more intense, destructive, and longer in the past two decades. At least one-third of the worst wildfires in USA (United States of America) history occurred in California. But what causes California such susceptibility to wildfires in the first place and what is causing the exacerbation of it?

          Wildfires can occur naturally and as a result of human activity, but three elements must be present for a wildfire to start. Fuel: Any flammable material surrounding a fire, which can come in the form of live or dead trees, dry vegetation, and other organic matter; Air: An abundance of oxygen supply. Heat sources: to ignite and burn the fuel. This could take the form of lightning strikes or human sources such as campfires or cigarettes.

          Natural wildfires, which are classified as natural disasters by the Environmental Protection Agency, can start during low precipitation, dry weather and droughts. During these conditions, dry vegetation becomes the perfect fuel for wildfires and when lightning strikes, it ignites a fire that can spread rapidly with the aid of strong winds and elevated temperatures.


Internet: <earth.org> (adapted).
In text 1A2-I, the excerpt “they have been getting significantly more intense, destructive, and longer in the past two decades” (first sentence of the second paragraph) conveys the idea that the wildfire seasons in California 
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Q2350471 Inglês
Text 1A2-I


           In 2020, the state of California experienced its worst wildfire season on record, with the Bay Area fire becoming one of the largest wildfires in American history. By the end of the year, the state recorded more than 8,600 blazes that burned down over 4 million acres of land, accounting for more than 4% of the state’s total land area.

         California is known for its wildfire seasons, which usually take place between late summer and early autumn, though they have been getting significantly more intense, destructive, and longer in the past two decades. At least one-third of the worst wildfires in USA (United States of America) history occurred in California. But what causes California such susceptibility to wildfires in the first place and what is causing the exacerbation of it?

          Wildfires can occur naturally and as a result of human activity, but three elements must be present for a wildfire to start. Fuel: Any flammable material surrounding a fire, which can come in the form of live or dead trees, dry vegetation, and other organic matter; Air: An abundance of oxygen supply. Heat sources: to ignite and burn the fuel. This could take the form of lightning strikes or human sources such as campfires or cigarettes.

          Natural wildfires, which are classified as natural disasters by the Environmental Protection Agency, can start during low precipitation, dry weather and droughts. During these conditions, dry vegetation becomes the perfect fuel for wildfires and when lightning strikes, it ignites a fire that can spread rapidly with the aid of strong winds and elevated temperatures.


Internet: <earth.org> (adapted).
According to text 1A2-I, it is correct to affirm that  
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IBFC Órgão: PM-PB Prova: IBFC - 2023 - PM-PB - Soldado PM - Combatente |
Q2289399 Inglês
Why Climate Change Could Mean
More Delayed Flights

    No one enjoys a delayed flight, but as our weather gets warmer, we can expect more of them.
   That's according to experts, who say that the heat of the summer might cause more delays.
    Bloomberg looked at US data for flight delays at airports in Chicago and New York from June to August in 2022 and from January to March in 2023. It found that there were more delayed flights in the summer months at both airports.
    When the temperature rises above 39 degrees Celsius, things get very difficult for airlines, Bijan Vasigh, a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in the US, told Bloomberg.
    The air is thinner when it gets hot and that makes it harder for planes to take off. In thinner air there is not as much lift, so more power is needed.
     When they need more power, it helps to have a lighter airplane.
    That might mean pilots have to make last-minute decisions to reduce the weight on board by dumping fuel, passengers or baggage — meaning the plane will probably be delayed.
    The problem gets worse at airports that are at a higher altitude where the air is already thinner, and at airports with short runways, since planes need more space to get up to a high speed.
   But thin air is not the only problem. Smoke from wildfires — that have been happening all around the world in the summer of 2023 —can also cause flights to be delayed and canceled.
    Of course, the summer is also a busy time when millions of people fly, and weather is not the only cause of delays — but our hotter climate doesn't seem to be helping.

Internet: Engoo
O último parágrafo começa com a expressão "Of course". Assinale a alternativa que apresenta qual das seguintes expressões não é um sinônimo. 
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IBFC Órgão: PM-PB Prova: IBFC - 2023 - PM-PB - Soldado PM - Combatente |
Q2289398 Inglês
Why Climate Change Could Mean
More Delayed Flights

    No one enjoys a delayed flight, but as our weather gets warmer, we can expect more of them.
   That's according to experts, who say that the heat of the summer might cause more delays.
    Bloomberg looked at US data for flight delays at airports in Chicago and New York from June to August in 2022 and from January to March in 2023. It found that there were more delayed flights in the summer months at both airports.
    When the temperature rises above 39 degrees Celsius, things get very difficult for airlines, Bijan Vasigh, a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in the US, told Bloomberg.
    The air is thinner when it gets hot and that makes it harder for planes to take off. In thinner air there is not as much lift, so more power is needed.
     When they need more power, it helps to have a lighter airplane.
    That might mean pilots have to make last-minute decisions to reduce the weight on board by dumping fuel, passengers or baggage — meaning the plane will probably be delayed.
    The problem gets worse at airports that are at a higher altitude where the air is already thinner, and at airports with short runways, since planes need more space to get up to a high speed.
   But thin air is not the only problem. Smoke from wildfires — that have been happening all around the world in the summer of 2023 —can also cause flights to be delayed and canceled.
    Of course, the summer is also a busy time when millions of people fly, and weather is not the only cause of delays — but our hotter climate doesn't seem to be helping.

Internet: Engoo
What can cause flight delays according to the text:
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IBFC Órgão: PM-PB Prova: IBFC - 2023 - PM-PB - Soldado PM - Combatente |
Q2289397 Inglês
Why Climate Change Could Mean
More Delayed Flights

    No one enjoys a delayed flight, but as our weather gets warmer, we can expect more of them.
   That's according to experts, who say that the heat of the summer might cause more delays.
    Bloomberg looked at US data for flight delays at airports in Chicago and New York from June to August in 2022 and from January to March in 2023. It found that there were more delayed flights in the summer months at both airports.
    When the temperature rises above 39 degrees Celsius, things get very difficult for airlines, Bijan Vasigh, a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in the US, told Bloomberg.
    The air is thinner when it gets hot and that makes it harder for planes to take off. In thinner air there is not as much lift, so more power is needed.
     When they need more power, it helps to have a lighter airplane.
    That might mean pilots have to make last-minute decisions to reduce the weight on board by dumping fuel, passengers or baggage — meaning the plane will probably be delayed.
    The problem gets worse at airports that are at a higher altitude where the air is already thinner, and at airports with short runways, since planes need more space to get up to a high speed.
   But thin air is not the only problem. Smoke from wildfires — that have been happening all around the world in the summer of 2023 —can also cause flights to be delayed and canceled.
    Of course, the summer is also a busy time when millions of people fly, and weather is not the only cause of delays — but our hotter climate doesn't seem to be helping.

Internet: Engoo
When we have delayed flights, we understand that: 
Alternativas
Respostas
1: B
2: D
3: C
4: C
5: A
6: D
7: C
8: C
9: A
10: D
11: A
12: B
13: D
14: E
15: B
16: A
17: E
18: C
19: B
20: E