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Q1778222
Geografia
Segundo Théry e Mello-Théry (2018), as propriedades
agrárias muito grandes (mais de 500 ha) e as muito
pequenas (menos de 1 ha) ocupam zonas distintas no
Brasil. Para os autores, são exemplos de áreas de concentração de propriedades muito grandes e muito pequenas, respectivamente:
Q1778084
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia os dois parágrafos a seguir para responder à questão.
An international student who majors in engineering
drops by the engineering department office and asks the
secretary, “Can you tell me where the English department is?”
The secretary smiles and responds, “I don’t know, actually.
It’s probably somewhere in the Humanities Building. Do you
have a campus map?” The student turns around and leaves.
The secretary is taken aback and feels slightly uncomfortable.
She wonders why the student left so abruptly.
(...)
People who interact with ESL students have commented
that some seem to express gratitude excessively for small
considerations, even to the point of embarrassing the person
they are speaking. Others seem downright rude because they
do not say thank you when they are expected to.
(Celce-Murcia, M. 2001.)
In the context of the first paragraph, the expression “taken
aback” means the secretary was
Q1778083
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia os dois parágrafos a seguir para responder à questão.
An international student who majors in engineering
drops by the engineering department office and asks the
secretary, “Can you tell me where the English department is?”
The secretary smiles and responds, “I don’t know, actually.
It’s probably somewhere in the Humanities Building. Do you
have a campus map?” The student turns around and leaves.
The secretary is taken aback and feels slightly uncomfortable.
She wonders why the student left so abruptly.
(...)
People who interact with ESL students have commented
that some seem to express gratitude excessively for small
considerations, even to the point of embarrassing the person
they are speaking. Others seem downright rude because they
do not say thank you when they are expected to.
(Celce-Murcia, M. 2001.)
The expression “drop by” belongs to a category called
phrasal verbs (verb + particle). Sometimes verb and
particle can be separated, sometimes they cannot. Choose
the alternative that displays a separable phrasal verb.
Q1778079
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following extract to answer question.
Innovation in the language teaching field in the late 1980s
and 1990s has been stimulated by a special concern for
the language learning process. New methods propose that
language learning is best served when students are interacting
– completing a task or learning content or resolving real-life
issues – where linguistic structures are not taught one by one,
but where attention to linguistic form is given as necessary.
These views of language learning have been informed by
research in second language acquisition. Also giving learning
a special focus are methodological innovations of the late
1980s and 1990s. These include teaching learning strategies,
using cooperative learning, and planning lessons in such a
way that different intelligences are addressed.
(Larsen-Freeman, D. 2000)
In the fragment from the text “innovation in the language
teaching field in the late 1980s and 1990s”, the underlined
expression is an instance of
Q1778077
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following extract to answer question.
Innovation in the language teaching field in the late 1980s
and 1990s has been stimulated by a special concern for
the language learning process. New methods propose that
language learning is best served when students are interacting
– completing a task or learning content or resolving real-life
issues – where linguistic structures are not taught one by one,
but where attention to linguistic form is given as necessary.
These views of language learning have been informed by
research in second language acquisition. Also giving learning
a special focus are methodological innovations of the late
1980s and 1990s. These include teaching learning strategies,
using cooperative learning, and planning lessons in such a
way that different intelligences are addressed.
(Larsen-Freeman, D. 2000)
O parágrafo descreve possibilidades para a sala de aula
que remetem à aplicação de
Q1778076
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the question.
Thought-in-Action Links
It is important to recognize that methods link thoughts
and actions, because teaching is not entirely about one
or the other. As a teacher of language, you have thoughts
about your subject matter – what language is, what culture
is – and about your students – who they are as learners and
how it is they learn. You also have thoughts about yourself
as a teacher and what you can do to help your students to
learn. Many of your thoughts have been formed by your own
experience as a language learner. With this awareness, you
are able to examine why you do what you do and perhaps
choose to think about or do things differently.
As an example, let us relate an anecdote about a teacher
with whom Diane Larsen-Freeman was working some time
ago. From her study of methods in Stevick (1980), Heather
(not her real name) became interested in how to work with
teacher control and student initiative in her teaching. She
determined that during her student teaching internship, she
would exercise less control of the lesson in order to encourage
her students to take more initiative, and have them impose
the questions in the classroom, since so often it is the teacher
who asks all the questions, not the students.
However, she felt that the students were not taking the
initiative, but she could not see what was wrong. When Diane
Larsen Freeman, who was her supervisor, visited her class,
she observed the following:
HEATHER: Juan, ask Anna what she is wearing.
JÜAN: What are you wearing?
ANNA: I am wearing a dress.
HEATHER: Anna, ask Muriel what she is writing.
ANNA: What are you writing?
MÜRIEL: I am writing a letter.
This pattern continued for some time. It was clear to see
that Heather had successfully avoided the common problem
of the teacher asking all the questions in the class. The
teacher was not asking the questions – the students were.
However, Heather had not achieved her goal of encouraging
student initiative.
(Larsen-Freeman, D. 2000. Adaptado)
The fragment from the last paragraph “who was her
supervisor” is an example of an adjective clause. Mark the
alternative in which the deletion of the relative pronoun
(and only the relative pronoun) is possible.
Q1778075
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the question.
Thought-in-Action Links
It is important to recognize that methods link thoughts
and actions, because teaching is not entirely about one
or the other. As a teacher of language, you have thoughts
about your subject matter – what language is, what culture
is – and about your students – who they are as learners and
how it is they learn. You also have thoughts about yourself
as a teacher and what you can do to help your students to
learn. Many of your thoughts have been formed by your own
experience as a language learner. With this awareness, you
are able to examine why you do what you do and perhaps
choose to think about or do things differently.
As an example, let us relate an anecdote about a teacher
with whom Diane Larsen-Freeman was working some time
ago. From her study of methods in Stevick (1980), Heather
(not her real name) became interested in how to work with
teacher control and student initiative in her teaching. She
determined that during her student teaching internship, she
would exercise less control of the lesson in order to encourage
her students to take more initiative, and have them impose
the questions in the classroom, since so often it is the teacher
who asks all the questions, not the students.
However, she felt that the students were not taking the
initiative, but she could not see what was wrong. When Diane
Larsen Freeman, who was her supervisor, visited her class,
she observed the following:
HEATHER: Juan, ask Anna what she is wearing.
JÜAN: What are you wearing?
ANNA: I am wearing a dress.
HEATHER: Anna, ask Muriel what she is writing.
ANNA: What are you writing?
MÜRIEL: I am writing a letter.
This pattern continued for some time. It was clear to see
that Heather had successfully avoided the common problem
of the teacher asking all the questions in the class. The
teacher was not asking the questions – the students were.
However, Heather had not achieved her goal of encouraging
student initiative.
(Larsen-Freeman, D. 2000. Adaptado)
Sometimes, the user of the foreign language is uncertain
about what verb to choose in a particular situation.
Learning collocations may be helpful. Mark the alternative
in which the collocation with common verbs needs to be
corrected.
Q1778072
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the question.
Thought-in-Action Links
It is important to recognize that methods link thoughts
and actions, because teaching is not entirely about one
or the other. As a teacher of language, you have thoughts
about your subject matter – what language is, what culture
is – and about your students – who they are as learners and
how it is they learn. You also have thoughts about yourself
as a teacher and what you can do to help your students to
learn. Many of your thoughts have been formed by your own
experience as a language learner. With this awareness, you
are able to examine why you do what you do and perhaps
choose to think about or do things differently.
As an example, let us relate an anecdote about a teacher
with whom Diane Larsen-Freeman was working some time
ago. From her study of methods in Stevick (1980), Heather
(not her real name) became interested in how to work with
teacher control and student initiative in her teaching. She
determined that during her student teaching internship, she
would exercise less control of the lesson in order to encourage
her students to take more initiative, and have them impose
the questions in the classroom, since so often it is the teacher
who asks all the questions, not the students.
However, she felt that the students were not taking the
initiative, but she could not see what was wrong. When Diane
Larsen Freeman, who was her supervisor, visited her class,
she observed the following:
HEATHER: Juan, ask Anna what she is wearing.
JÜAN: What are you wearing?
ANNA: I am wearing a dress.
HEATHER: Anna, ask Muriel what she is writing.
ANNA: What are you writing?
MÜRIEL: I am writing a letter.
This pattern continued for some time. It was clear to see
that Heather had successfully avoided the common problem
of the teacher asking all the questions in the class. The
teacher was not asking the questions – the students were.
However, Heather had not achieved her goal of encouraging
student initiative.
(Larsen-Freeman, D. 2000. Adaptado)
Heather might have improved the classroom situation if
she had
Q1778071
Inglês
Leia o texto.
Design relates to the thinking underlying materials. This will involve the consideration of areas such as the apparent aim of materials (such as the development of ‘general English’, English for Specific Purposes (ESP), or specific skills), how the tasks, language and content in the materials are selected and sequenced, and the nature and focus of the content in the materials.
(Andrew Littlejohn. “The analysis of language teaching materials: inside the Trojan House”. IN: B. Tomlinson (ed). Material Development in Language Teaching. Adaptado)
Materials designed for ESP courses should
Design relates to the thinking underlying materials. This will involve the consideration of areas such as the apparent aim of materials (such as the development of ‘general English’, English for Specific Purposes (ESP), or specific skills), how the tasks, language and content in the materials are selected and sequenced, and the nature and focus of the content in the materials.
(Andrew Littlejohn. “The analysis of language teaching materials: inside the Trojan House”. IN: B. Tomlinson (ed). Material Development in Language Teaching. Adaptado)
Materials designed for ESP courses should
Q1778070
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
A ‘dificuldade’ de um texto não se mede pelo tipo de oração ou complexidade sintática que ele contém. Não há texto
fácil ou difícil do ponto de vista linguístico, simplesmente. Na
sala de aula, o sucesso de um texto como parte de uma atividade depende do que se vai fazer com ele.
Um texto autêntico oferece mais oportunidades para o
aluno e o professor tomarem contato com o inglês “de verdade”, aquele usado em comunicação real, no mundo real.
Um texto real possui todos os defeitos e as virtudes da vida
real: é complexo, rico, imprevisível, interessante e arriscado.
As sequências de palavras de um texto autêntico ecoam nas
vozes dos milhões de falantes de inglês no mundo. Um texto
artificial, por sua vez, ecoa apenas parcialmente e não exibe
o encanto e o desafio do texto autêntico.
(Tony B. Sardinha. “The book is not on the table: autenticidade e
idiomaticidade do texto para ensino de inglês na perspectiva da linguística
de corpus”. IN: Maria Cristina Damianovic (org). Material Didático:
Elaboração e Avaliação. Adaptado)
A pertinent reading activity with an authentic English
text for use with adult beginner students is presented in
alternative:
Q1778068
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
By the end of the twentieth century English was already
well on its way to becoming a genuine lingua franca. Just as
in the Middle Ages Latin became for a time a language of
international communication, so English is now commonly
used in exchanges between, say, Japanese and Argentinian
business people or between Singaporeans and their
Vietnamese counterparts.
A number of researchers have studied lingua franca
conversations and have noted a number of somewhat
surprising characteristics, including:
Increasing of redundancy by adding prepositions (We have to study about... and Can we discuss about...?).
Large use of certain verbs of high semantic generality, such as do, have, make, put, take.
Pluralisation of nouns which are considered uncountable in native-speaker English (advices, staffs).
The evidence suggests that non-native speakers are not conforming to a native English standard. Indeed they seem to get along perfectly well despite the fact that they miss things out and put things in which they ‘should not do’. Not only this, but they are actually better at ‘accommodating’ than native speakers are when talking to second language speakers.
(Jeremy Harmer. The practice of English language
teaching. Adaptado)
Do conteúdo do excerto, emerge uma relevante questão
referente à educação linguística em uma cultura globalizada, qual seja:
Q1778067
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
By the end of the twentieth century English was already
well on its way to becoming a genuine lingua franca. Just as
in the Middle Ages Latin became for a time a language of
international communication, so English is now commonly
used in exchanges between, say, Japanese and Argentinian
business people or between Singaporeans and their
Vietnamese counterparts.
A number of researchers have studied lingua franca
conversations and have noted a number of somewhat
surprising characteristics, including:
Increasing of redundancy by adding prepositions (We have to study about... and Can we discuss about...?).
Large use of certain verbs of high semantic generality, such as do, have, make, put, take.
Pluralisation of nouns which are considered uncountable in native-speaker English (advices, staffs).
The evidence suggests that non-native speakers are not conforming to a native English standard. Indeed they seem to get along perfectly well despite the fact that they miss things out and put things in which they ‘should not do’. Not only this, but they are actually better at ‘accommodating’ than native speakers are when talking to second language speakers.
(Jeremy Harmer. The practice of English language
teaching. Adaptado)
As far as the teaching of standard English is concerned,
the pluralization of the underlined noun is only acceptable
in alternative:
Q1778066
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
By the end of the twentieth century English was already
well on its way to becoming a genuine lingua franca. Just as
in the Middle Ages Latin became for a time a language of
international communication, so English is now commonly
used in exchanges between, say, Japanese and Argentinian
business people or between Singaporeans and their
Vietnamese counterparts.
A number of researchers have studied lingua franca
conversations and have noted a number of somewhat
surprising characteristics, including:
Increasing of redundancy by adding prepositions (We have to study about... and Can we discuss about...?).
Large use of certain verbs of high semantic generality, such as do, have, make, put, take.
Pluralisation of nouns which are considered uncountable in native-speaker English (advices, staffs).
The evidence suggests that non-native speakers are not conforming to a native English standard. Indeed they seem to get along perfectly well despite the fact that they miss things out and put things in which they ‘should not do’. Not only this, but they are actually better at ‘accommodating’ than native speakers are when talking to second language speakers.
(Jeremy Harmer. The practice of English language
teaching. Adaptado)
The considerations in the excerpt suggest that the
teaching of oral skills in an English as lingua franca
perspective should
Q1778065
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
By the end of the twentieth century English was already
well on its way to becoming a genuine lingua franca. Just as
in the Middle Ages Latin became for a time a language of
international communication, so English is now commonly
used in exchanges between, say, Japanese and Argentinian
business people or between Singaporeans and their
Vietnamese counterparts.
A number of researchers have studied lingua franca
conversations and have noted a number of somewhat
surprising characteristics, including:
Increasing of redundancy by adding prepositions (We have to study about... and Can we discuss about...?).
Large use of certain verbs of high semantic generality, such as do, have, make, put, take.
Pluralisation of nouns which are considered uncountable in native-speaker English (advices, staffs).
The evidence suggests that non-native speakers are not conforming to a native English standard. Indeed they seem to get along perfectly well despite the fact that they miss things out and put things in which they ‘should not do’. Not only this, but they are actually better at ‘accommodating’ than native speakers are when talking to second language speakers.
(Jeremy Harmer. The practice of English language
teaching. Adaptado)
The expression lingua franca refers to
Q1778064
Português
Texto associado
Considere a reflexão a seguir e responda à questão.
A partir da leitura do livro Hipermodernidade, multiletramentos e gêneros discursivos, é possível dizer que os gêneros textuais, os gêneros do discurso e a tipologia textual são
construtos cada vez mais importantes para o professor, especialmente aquele que ensina línguas.
(ROJO, R. e BARBOSA, J. P. Hipermodernidade,
multiletramentos e gêneros discursivos.)
A expressão tipologia textual se refere a
Q1778063
Português
Texto associado
Considere a reflexão a seguir e responda à questão.
A partir da leitura do livro Hipermodernidade, multiletramentos e gêneros discursivos, é possível dizer que os gêneros textuais, os gêneros do discurso e a tipologia textual são
construtos cada vez mais importantes para o professor, especialmente aquele que ensina línguas.
(ROJO, R. e BARBOSA, J. P. Hipermodernidade,
multiletramentos e gêneros discursivos.)
Sobre os gêneros do discurso, pode-se afirmar que
Q1778062
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto e responda à questão.
The discussion of the worldliness of English (…) suggests
that it is impossible to separate English from its many
contexts, and therefore, that the idea that it might be possible
to ‘just teach the language’ - is (…) indefensible. (…) To
teach is to be caught up in an array of questions concerning
curriculum, educational systems and classroom practices:
(1) whose knowledges and cultures are given credence?
(2) to what extent does an educational system reproduce
social and cultural inequalities? And (3) what understandings
of language, culture, education, authority, knowledge or
communication do we assume in our teaching?
(PENNYCOOK, A. The cultural politics of English as an
international language. Adaptado).
Um plano de curso para o ensino de língua inglesa
que siga os pressupostos discutidos por Pennycook no
excerto deveria levar em consideração
Q1778061
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto e responda à questão.
The discussion of the worldliness of English (…) suggests
that it is impossible to separate English from its many
contexts, and therefore, that the idea that it might be possible
to ‘just teach the language’ - is (…) indefensible. (…) To
teach is to be caught up in an array of questions concerning
curriculum, educational systems and classroom practices:
(1) whose knowledges and cultures are given credence?
(2) to what extent does an educational system reproduce
social and cultural inequalities? And (3) what understandings
of language, culture, education, authority, knowledge or
communication do we assume in our teaching?
(PENNYCOOK, A. The cultural politics of English as an
international language. Adaptado).
According to Daniels and Hedegaard (2011/2013),
one can say that the greatest challenges for teachers
to formulate their actions in classes with students with
disabilities would be the
Q1778059
Inglês
The term pedagogy of multiliteracies was created in 1996,
by the New London Group. According to Rojo and Moura
(2012), the group asked themselves questions such
as “O que é uma educação apropriada para mulheres,
para indígenas, para imigrantes que não falam a língua
nacional, para falantes dos dialetos não padrão? (...).”
(ROJO, R.; MOURA, E. (orgs). Multiletramentos na escola.)
Assinale a alternativa que melhor caracteriza a pedagogia dos multiletramentos.
(ROJO, R.; MOURA, E. (orgs). Multiletramentos na escola.)
Assinale a alternativa que melhor caracteriza a pedagogia dos multiletramentos.
Q1778057
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following extract and answer question.
The disjunction between method as conceptualized
by theorists and method as conducted by teachers is the
direct consequence of the inherent limitations of the concept
of method itself. First and foremost, methods are based
on idealized concepts geared toward idealized contexts.
Since language learning and teaching needs, wants, and
situations are unpredictably numerous, no idealized method
can visualize all the variables in advance in order to provide
situation-specific suggestions that practicing teachers so
clearly need in order to tackle the challenges they confront
every day of their professional lives. As a predominantly topdown exercise, the conception and construction of methods
have been largely guided by a one-size-fits-all (…) approach
that assumes a common clientele with common goals.
(KUMARAVADIVELU, B. Beyond methods:
macrostrategies for language teaching. Adapted)
Considering the excerpt above, it is fair to say that the
writer argues for the
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