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As fibras ópticas funcionam pelo Princípio da Reflexão Total, que ocorre quando os raios de luz que seguem determinados percursos dentro da fibra são totalmente refletidos na interface núcleo-casca, permanecendo no interior do núcleo. Considerando apenas a incidência de raios meridionais e que os raios refratados para a casca são perdidos, e ainda, sabendo que os índices de refração do ar, do núcleo e da casca são dados, respectivamente, por n0, n1; e n2 ( n1 > n2 > n0), o ângulo máximo de incidência θa , na interface ar-núcleo, para o qual ocorre a reflexão total no interior da fibra é:
Considerações:
• raios meridionais são aqueles que passam pelo centro do núcleo; e
• todas as opções abaixo correspondem a números reais.
NA QUESTÃO, ENCONTRAM-SE EM DESTAQUE CINCO TERMOS OU EXPRESSÕES. ASSINALE A
ALTERNATIVA CORRESPONDENTE AO TERMO CUJO EMPREGO ESTÁ INCORRETO.
Technologies like driverless cars and smart heating systems could end up making cities dysfunctional according to Maarten Hajer, chief curator of the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam 2016. Speaking at an opening event for the biennale, Hajer called for architects and designers to stop to treat the advent of smart technologies as inevitable, and to question whether they will solve any problems at all.
NA QUESTÃO, ENCONTRAM-SE EM DESTAQUE CINCO TERMOS OU EXPRESSÕES. ASSINALE A ALTERNATIVA CORRESPONDENTE AO TERMO CUJO EMPREGO ESTÁ INCORRETO.
A rare genome has been identified in an ancient body pulled from a sarcophagus on a site near ancient Carthage, in a discovery which could throw new light on the history of human movement. The DNA of the 2,500-year-old remains of the ‘Young Man of Byrsa’, discovered in 1994 and believed to had been that of a young male Phoenician, was sequenced by a team of scientists.
They found it contained an extremely rare type of genome sequence, known as U5b2c1, which is almost unknown among modern populations. The research has now been published in the scientific journal Plos One.
NA QUESTÃO, ENCONTRAM-SE EM DESTAQUE CINCO TERMOS OU EXPRESSÕES. ASSINALE A
ALTERNATIVA CORRESPONDENTE AO TERMO CUJO EMPREGO ESTÁ INCORRETO.
Described by its designers as "a robotic companion," the roly-poly Leka robot is shaped like a ball, has an enduring "face" that changes expressions, and uses sound, light and colors to interact with users through customizable games that improve cognitive and motor skills. Caregivers and educators can program the toy to guide children with developmental disabilities through a range of activities, helping them to improve communication and learn to connect with their environment and with others around them.
NA QUESTÃO, ENCONTRAM-SE EM DESTAQUE CINCO TERMOS OU EXPRESSÕES. ASSINALE A
ALTERNATIVA CORRESPONDENTE AO TERMO CUJO EMPREGO ESTÁ INCORRETO.
The rolling robot BB-8 captivated moviegoers as it helped save the day in the 2016 film "Star
Wars: The Force Awakens"—though even the most die-hard fan would admit that we aren't likely to
see a real-world robot quite like that in the near future. However, there's another spherical,
programmable, rolling robot currently in development that's capable of making important work to
engage children with special needs, particularly children on the autism.
Texto 5
HIGH-TECH EAVESDROPPING ON THE GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN
SONAR SIGNALS HOLD CLUES THAT COULD SAVE AN ENDANGERED SPECIES
The Ganges river dolphin is one of only two remaining freshwater dolphin species on Earth. But pollution, fishing, and dams threaten to wipe it out entirely.
So acoustical engineer Harumi Sugimatsu and her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water. The hope is to track the dolphins by the high-frequency clicks they use to navigate and hunt. By eavesdropping on their underwater lives, Sugimatsu believes she can gather data about their behavior and geographical range—data that conservationists can use in their struggle to keep the species from going extinct.
IEEE Spectrum. High-tech eavesdropping on the ganges river dolphin. In: IEEE Spectrum,
2016. Disponível em:<http://spectrum.ieee.org/video/green-tech/conservation/hightech-eavesdropping-on-the-ganges-river-dolphin>
Texto 5
HIGH-TECH EAVESDROPPING ON THE GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN
SONAR SIGNALS HOLD CLUES THAT COULD SAVE AN ENDANGERED SPECIES
The Ganges river dolphin is one of only two remaining freshwater dolphin species on Earth. But pollution, fishing, and dams threaten to wipe it out entirely.
So acoustical engineer Harumi Sugimatsu and her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water. The hope is to track the dolphins by the high-frequency clicks they use to navigate and hunt. By eavesdropping on their underwater lives, Sugimatsu believes she can gather data about their behavior and geographical range—data that conservationists can use in their struggle to keep the species from going extinct.
IEEE Spectrum. High-tech eavesdropping on the ganges river dolphin. In: IEEE Spectrum,
2016. Disponível em:<http://spectrum.ieee.org/video/green-tech/conservation/hightech-eavesdropping-on-the-ganges-river-dolphin>
What's the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence: “(…) her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water”?
Texto 4
When he was 19, in 1898, Albert Einstein was refused a place at the Munich Technical Institute because he 'showed no promise'. Three years later, Einstein took Swiss citizenship and became an examiner at the Swiss Patent Office. In his spare time, he continued his study of physics and by 1905 had advanced so far that he was able to publish the first of his celebrated papers on the theory of relativity which earned worldwide fame.
In: I wish I’d never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 60.
Texto 3
Twelve years after the first Morse Code signal had been successfully transmitted across the Atlantic, an American inventor named Lee de Forest appeared in a US court charged with fraud. The case against him was that he had been selling shares in his Radio Telephone Company.
Putting his case before the jury, the prosecutor explained, 'De Forest has said in many newspapers and over his signature that it would be possible to transmit the human voice across the Atlantic before many years. Based on these absurd and deliberately misleading statements, the misguided public has been persuaded to purchase stocks in his company'.
Two years later, the first direct transatlantic speech relay by radio telephone was made. As for Lee de Forest, he patented more than 300 inventions and became known in America as the ‘father of radio’.
In: I wish I’d never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 61.
Texto 3
Twelve years after the first Morse Code signal had been successfully transmitted across the Atlantic, an American inventor named Lee de Forest appeared in a US court charged with fraud. The case against him was that he had been selling shares in his Radio Telephone Company.
Putting his case before the jury, the prosecutor explained, 'De Forest has said in many newspapers and over his signature that it would be possible to transmit the human voice across the Atlantic before many years. Based on these absurd and deliberately misleading statements, the misguided public has been persuaded to purchase stocks in his company'.
Two years later, the first direct transatlantic speech relay by radio telephone was made. As for Lee de Forest, he patented more than 300 inventions and became known in America as the ‘father of radio’.
In: I wish I’d never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 61.
Texto 2
COULD EARTH BE FRIED BY A ‘SUPERFLARE’ FROM THE SUN?
Daniel Clery
Solar flares on the sun frequently shower Earth with high-energy particles causing the Aurora Borealis and, occasionally, less-welcome disruptions to power networks and communications. But researchers say that there is a chance—though small—that the sun could one day blast us with a solar flare thousands of times as powerful, potentially frying our atmosphere and obliterating life. Other stars occasionally produce such “superflares,” some up to 10,000 times the power of the largest solar flare ever detected. To see whether these are generated by the same process as happens on the sun—the breaking and reconnection of magnetic fields—astronomers studied light from 100,000 stars using China’s Guo Shouiing Telescope. As they report online in Nature Communications, superflares do seem to be produced by the same process, but they usually occur in stars with much stronger magnetic fields than the sun’s. Still, the researchers found that about 10% of the superflaring stars had magnetic fields similar to or weaker than the sun’s. From evidence in tree rings, the researchers say, it looks like Earth suffered small superflares—10 to 100 times bigger than normal—in 775 C.E. and 993 C.E. We can expect more, they conclude, once per millennium. (As for the chances of an Earth-frying flare, they don’t say.) So, back up your data and stock up on candles.
C.E. = Common Era, the same as A.D., Anno Domini.
CLERY, D. Could earth be fried by a ‘superflare’ from the sun?. In: Science, AAAS, 2016.
Disponível em: <http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/could-earth-be-fried-superflare-sun>
Texto 2
COULD EARTH BE FRIED BY A ‘SUPERFLARE’ FROM THE SUN?
Daniel Clery
Solar flares on the sun frequently shower Earth with high-energy particles causing the Aurora Borealis and, occasionally, less-welcome disruptions to power networks and communications. But researchers say that there is a chance—though small—that the sun could one day blast us with a solar flare thousands of times as powerful, potentially frying our atmosphere and obliterating life. Other stars occasionally produce such “superflares,” some up to 10,000 times the power of the largest solar flare ever detected. To see whether these are generated by the same process as happens on the sun—the breaking and reconnection of magnetic fields—astronomers studied light from 100,000 stars using China’s Guo Shouiing Telescope. As they report online in Nature Communications, superflares do seem to be produced by the same process, but they usually occur in stars with much stronger magnetic fields than the sun’s. Still, the researchers found that about 10% of the superflaring stars had magnetic fields similar to or weaker than the sun’s. From evidence in tree rings, the researchers say, it looks like Earth suffered small superflares—10 to 100 times bigger than normal—in 775 C.E. and 993 C.E. We can expect more, they conclude, once per millennium. (As for the chances of an Earth-frying flare, they don’t say.) So, back up your data and stock up on candles.
C.E. = Common Era, the same as A.D., Anno Domini.
CLERY, D. Could earth be fried by a ‘superflare’ from the sun?. In: Science, AAAS, 2016.
Disponível em: <http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/could-earth-be-fried-superflare-sun>
Texto 2
COULD EARTH BE FRIED BY A ‘SUPERFLARE’ FROM THE SUN?
Daniel Clery
Solar flares on the sun frequently shower Earth with high-energy particles causing the Aurora Borealis and, occasionally, less-welcome disruptions to power networks and communications. But researchers say that there is a chance—though small—that the sun could one day blast us with a solar flare thousands of times as powerful, potentially frying our atmosphere and obliterating life. Other stars occasionally produce such “superflares,” some up to 10,000 times the power of the largest solar flare ever detected. To see whether these are generated by the same process as happens on the sun—the breaking and reconnection of magnetic fields—astronomers studied light from 100,000 stars using China’s Guo Shouiing Telescope. As they report online in Nature Communications, superflares do seem to be produced by the same process, but they usually occur in stars with much stronger magnetic fields than the sun’s. Still, the researchers found that about 10% of the superflaring stars had magnetic fields similar to or weaker than the sun’s. From evidence in tree rings, the researchers say, it looks like Earth suffered small superflares—10 to 100 times bigger than normal—in 775 C.E. and 993 C.E. We can expect more, they conclude, once per millennium. (As for the chances of an Earth-frying flare, they don’t say.) So, back up your data and stock up on candles.
C.E. = Common Era, the same as A.D., Anno Domini.
CLERY, D. Could earth be fried by a ‘superflare’ from the sun?. In: Science, AAAS, 2016.
Disponível em: <http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/could-earth-be-fried-superflare-sun>
Choose the correct option.
Texto 1
LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE
Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ______. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ______ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ______ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems.
Modern engineered landfills use ______ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; ______ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants.
Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ______ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported______ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs ______ an important area for further research.
Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ______ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ______ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations.
(…)
ENMs = engineered nanomaterials.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Landfills and the introduction of
nanomaterials in waste. In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015.
Disponível em:
Texto 1
LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE
Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ______. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ______ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ______ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems.
Modern engineered landfills use ______ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; ______ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants.
Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ______ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported______ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs ______ an important area for further research.
Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ______ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ______ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations.
(…)
ENMs = engineered nanomaterials.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Landfills and the introduction of
nanomaterials in waste. In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015.
Disponível em:
Texto 1
LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE
Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ______. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ______ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ______ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems.
Modern engineered landfills use ______ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; ______ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants.
Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ______ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported______ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs ______ an important area for further research.
Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ______ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ______ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations.
(…)
ENMs = engineered nanomaterials.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Landfills and the introduction of
nanomaterials in waste. In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015.
Disponível em:
Texto 1
LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE
Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ______. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ______ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ______ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems.
Modern engineered landfills use ______ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; ______ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants.
Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ______ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported______ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs ______ an important area for further research.
Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ______ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ______ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations.
(…)
ENMs = engineered nanomaterials.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Landfills and the introduction of
nanomaterials in waste. In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015.
Disponível em:
Texto 1
LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE
Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ______. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ______ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ______ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems.
Modern engineered landfills use ______ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; ______ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants.
Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ______ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported______ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs ______ an important area for further research.
Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ______ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ______ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations.
(…)
ENMs = engineered nanomaterials.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Landfills and the introduction of
nanomaterials in waste. In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015.
Disponível em:
Texto 1
LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE
Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ______. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ______ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ______ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems.
Modern engineered landfills use ______ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; ______ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants.
Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ______ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported______ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs ______ an important area for further research.
Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ______ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ______ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations.
(…)
ENMs = engineered nanomaterials.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Landfills and the introduction of
nanomaterials in waste. In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015.
Disponível em:
Texto 1
LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE
Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ______. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ______ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ______ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems.
Modern engineered landfills use ______ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; ______ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants.
Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ______ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported______ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs ______ an important area for further research.
Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ______ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ______ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations.
(…)
ENMs = engineered nanomaterials.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Landfills and the introduction of
nanomaterials in waste. In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015.
Disponível em:
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