Questões de Concurso
Sobre pronome relativo | relative clauses em inglês
Foram encontradas 144 questões
The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions.
Nazi labor camp guard living in New York deported
to Germany
By Sheena McKenzie, CNN Updated 2155 GMT (0555 HKT) August 21, 2018
(CNN) A former Nazi labor camp guard who has been living in the United States for decades has finally been deported to Germany after years of diplomatic wrangling, the White House announced on Tuesday. Jakiw Palij, who worked as a guard at the Trawniki Labor Camp, in what was then German-occupied Poland, had been living out his post-war years in Queens, New York City.
Palij, 95, was born in what was then-Poland and now Ukraine, and immigrated to the US in 1949, becoming a citizen in 1957. The former Nazi guard lied to US immigration officials about his role in World War II, saying he worked on a farm and in a factory, the White House said in a statement. In 2001, Palij admitted to US Department of Justice officials that he had in fact trained and worked at the Trawniki Labor Camp in 1943. On November 3, 1943, around 6,000 Jewish prisoners at the camp were shot to death in one of the single largest massacres of the Holocaust, according to the White House statement.
"By serving as an armed guard at the Trawniki Labor Camp and preventing the escape of Jewish prisoners during his Nazi service, Palij played an indispensable role in ensuring that the Trawniki Jewish victims met their horrific fate at the hands of the Nazis," the White House added. In court filings, Palij has denied wrongdoing, claiming that he and other young men in his Polish hometown were coerced into working for the Nazi occupiers. In 2003, Palij's US citizenship was revoked. The following year, a federal judge ordered that Palij be deported -- but none of the European countries to which he could have been sent, would take him.
[…]Attorney General Jeff Sessions praised the work of the Justice Department's best-known Nazi hunter, Eli Rosenbaum, and his team in successfully removing the 68th Nazi from the United States. Palij's case represents the closing of an era -- until now he was the only remaining active case from the Nazi era pursued by the Justice Department's Office of Human Rights and Special Prosecutions.
The atrocities of the Trawniki camp, where Palij worked, aren't well known in part because the killing was thorough, historians say. One document researchers uncovered helped illustrate the extent of the killing. A soldier broke the butt of his rifle, which meant he was required to file a report so the German SS would issue him a new one. The report mentioned an operation that killed 4,000 people at Trawniki, mostly Jews.
Available at: <https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/21/politics/nazijakiw-palij-deported-germany-intl/index.html>.
INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following text and answer question.
It has been estimated that some 60 percent of today’sworld population is multilingual. Both from a contemporary and a historical perspective, bilingualism or multilingualism is the norm rather than the exception. It is fair, then, to say that throughout history foreign language learning has always been an important practical concern. Whereas today English is the world’s most widely studied foreign language, five hundred years ago it was Latin, for it was the dominant language of education, commerce, religion, and government in the Western world. In the sixteenth century, however, French, Italian, and English gained in importance as a result of political changes in Europe, and Latin gradually became displaced as a language of spoken and written communication.
As the status of Latin diminished from that of a living language to that of an “occasional” subject in the school curriculum, the study of Latin took on a different function. The study of classical Latin (the Latin in which the classical works of Virgil, Ovid, and Cicero were written) and an analysis of its grammar and rhetoric became the model for foreign language study from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Children entering “grammar school” in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries in England were initially given a rigorous introduction to Latin grammar, which was taught through rote learning of grammar rules, study of declensions and conjugations, translation, and practice in writing sample sentences, sometimes with the use of parallel bilingual texts and dialogue (Kelly 1969; Howatt 1984). Once basic proficiency was established, students were introduced to the advanced study of grammar and rhetoric. School learning must have been a deadening experience for children, for lapses in knowledge were often met with brutal punishment. There were occasional attempts to promote alternative approaches to education; Roger Ascham and Montaigne in the sixteenth century and Comenius and John Locke in the seventeenth century, for example, had made specific proposals for curriculum reform and for changes in the way Latin was taught (Kelly 1969; Howatt 1984), but since Latin (and, to a lesser extent, Greek) had for so long been regarded as the classical and therefore most ideal form of language, it was not surprising that ideas about the role of language study in the curriculum reflected the long-established status of Latin.
The decline of Latin also brought with it a new justification for teaching Latin. Latin was said to develop intellectual abilities, and the study of Latin grammar became an end in itself.
Source: RICHARDS, J.C.; RODGERS, T. S. Approaches
and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1999 (1st edition 1986). pp. 1-2.
Analyze the following sentence from the text:
Children entering “grammar school” in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries in England were initially given a rigorous introduction to Latin grammar, which was taught through rote learning of grammar rules, study of declensions and conjugations, translation, and practice in writing sample sentences, sometimes with the use of parallel bilingual texts and dialogue (Kelly 1969; Howatt 1984).
In this example, the word “which” is a relative pronoun. It links a noun phrase to a relative clause. Choose the following alternative that presents the noun phrase linked by “which” to a relative clause.
Text for the item.
A long and healthy life?
Internet: <www.ngllife.com> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the following item.
“this”, in “this small community” (lines 14 and 15), is the
singular form of these.
Text for the item.
A long and healthy life?
Internet: <www.ngllife.com> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the following item.
The relative pronoun which is a correct alternative for “who” in “centenarians who neither smoke nor drink” (line 15).
Text for the item.
A long and healthy life?
Internet: <www.ngllife.com> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the following item.
“which”, in “which seemed an exceptional achievement”
(lines 5 and 6), can be correctly replaced by what.
Grammatical focus: A superlative B past simple C gerunds and infinitives D relative pronouns E present simple passive F second conditional
Example assessment items: 1) Complete the sentences with the correct word(s). I .......... there for six years before moving to Budapest. 2) Complete the descriptions with who or which. This is a kind of cheese .......... is made from goat’s milk not cow’s milk. 3) Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Where (you/fly) if (you/be) a bird? 4) Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Coffee (grow) in Brazil. It (export) to many countries in the world. 5) Complete the sentences with ... +ing or to + ... . I decided (send) a letter to my friend. 6) Complete the sentences with an appropriate adjective. Shanghai is the .......... city in the world.
Mark the alternative that presents the correct sequence:
Smiling Can Actually Make People Happier, Study Finds
Researchers of a new study find that the simple act (1)______ smiling can actually make a person happier. Evidently, nearly 50 years of data shows facial expressions can affect an individual’s emotions or feelings.
Emotional Debate
For over 100 years, psychologists have been debating whether facial expressions can affect emotions. The argument became even more pronounced (2)______ 2016 after 17 teams of scientists failed to replicate a popular experiment that would supposedly show that smiling can actually make people happier.
While there are some studies that do not show a relationship (3)______facial expressions and emotional feelings, the researchers of the new study believe that they can’t focus on the data from just one. As such, they scoured data from 138 studies, which tested over 11,000 participants (4)_____ all over the world.
“But we can’t focus on the results of any one study. Psychologists have been testing this idea since the early 1970s, so we wanted to look at all the evidence,” said lead researcher Nicholas Coles, PhD.
Facial Expressions Affect People's Emotions
Based on the team’s meta-analysis, facial expressions do, in fact, have a small impact on emotions. For instance, a person who smiles will feel happier, a person who scowls will feel angrier, and a person who frowns will feel sadder. While the effects aren’t very powerful or long-lasting, it is significant enough to show a correlation.
According to researchers, their findings bring us closer to understanding how human emotions work and how the mind and body work together to shape how we experience emotions. That said, they do note that they are not saying that people can just smile their way to happiness, especially when it comes to mental health conditions such as depression.
The study is published in Psychological Bulletin.
Source: https://www.techtimes.com/articles/241396/20190413/smiling-can-actually-make-peoplehappier-study-finds.htm(adapted)Access: April 13th, 2019
Based on the text, judge the item below.
“them” (line 22) refers to “applications” (line 21).
Based on the text, judge the item below.
Which can substitute “who”, in “who first had the idea” (line 6).
Based on the text, judge the following item.
The relative pronoun “who”, in “people who meditated” (lines 6 and 7), cannot be adequately replaced by that
TEXT 1 below, retrieved and adapted from https://chroniclingamerica. loc.gov/lccn/sn83035487/1851-06-21/ed-1/seq-4/ on July 9th, 2018.
Text 1
Women’s rights convention – Sojourner Truth
One of the most unique and interesting speeches of the convention was made by Sojourner Truth, an emancipated slave. It is impossible to transfer it to paper or convey any adequate idea of the effect it produced upon the audience. Those only can appreciate it who saw her powerful form, her whole-souled, earnest gesture, and listened to her strong and truthful tones. She came forward to the platform and addressing the President said with great simplicity:
"May I say a few words?" Receiving an affirmative answer, she proceeded: I want to say a few words about this matter. I am a woman's rights. I have as much muscle as any man and can do as much work as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more than that? I have heard much about the sexes being equal. I can carry as much as any man, and can eat as much too, if I can get it. I am as strong as any man that is now. As for intellect, all I can say is, if a woman has a pint, and a man a quart -- why can't she have her little pint full? You need not be afraid to give us our rights for fear we will take too much; -- for we can't take more than our pint will hold. The poor men seem to be all in confusion, and don't know what to do. Why children, if you have woman's rights, give it to her and you will feel better. You will have your own rights, and they won't be so much trouble. I can't read, but I can hear. I have heard the bible and have learned that Eve caused man to sin. Well, if a woman upset the world, do give her a chance to set it right side up again. The Lady has spoken about Jesus, how he never spurned woman from him, and she was right. When Lazarus died, Mary and Martha came to him with faith and love and besought him to raise their brother. And Jesus wept and Lazarus came forth. And how came Jesus into the world? Through God who created him and the woman who bore him. Man, where was your part? But the women are coming up blessed be God and a few of the men are coming up with them. But man is in a tight place, the poor slave is on him, woman is coming on him, he is surely between a hawk and a buzzard.
Reference: Robinson, M. (1851, June 21). Women’s
rights convention: Sojourner Truth. Anti-slavery Bugle, vol. 6
no. 41, Page 160.
Question must be answered by looking at the following sentence from Text 1:
“One of the most unique and interesting speeches of the convention was made by Sojourner Truth, an emancipated slave.”
Without any other change added to the sentence,
the clause “an emancipated slave” could be preceded
by:
Read the text and answer to the question.
Cultural diversity and cultural identity in globalization
INSTRUCTION: Read the abstract and answer to the question.
Abstract
Scientists know greenhouse gas emissions cause climate change, but what causes greenhouse gas emissions in the first place? We assessed how many greenhouse gases are released to support the lifestyles of people living in different parts of Europe – in other words, we figured out people’s carbon footprint. We found that different lifestyle choices resulted in very different carbon footprints. In general, people with higher incomes (_____ bought more things and traveled more) had much higher carbon footprints than people ______ lived more modestly.
Understanding how our purchases affect greenhouse gas emissions is an important step to designing policies and guidelines for cutting emissions and addressing climate change.
Available at: <http://www.sciencejournalforkids.org/ uploads/5/4/2/8/54289603/footprint_article.pdf>.
Accessed on: Dec 7th, 2017.
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