Questões de Concurso Comentadas sobre inglês
Foram encontradas 12.328 questões
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Eletricista
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Condutor Mecânico |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Condutor Bombeador (CMD - BBD) |
Q2323325
Inglês
Texto associado
Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry
1 The shipping trends play a vital role in global
trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars
yearly. Population growth and continued urbanization
will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime
shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must
continue to innovate and adopt new technologies to
meet this increased demand. The following are some
of the most promising trends and innovations currently
taking place in the maritime shipping industry:
2 1. Green Technology - One of the most critical
trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green
technology. With increasing public awareness of
the need to protect the environment, it is becoming
increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt
green practices. Maritime companies invest in
cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural
gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions
than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil
(HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also
experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce
emissions further. While battery-powered ships are
not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they
show great promise for use on shorter routes.
3 2. Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits
around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually,
accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As
the push for decarbonization gathers momentum, it
is only a matter of time before electric ships become
the norm.
4 3. Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in
maritime shipping is the development of autonomous
ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to
revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages
over traditional vessels, including reduced operating
costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by
reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships.
In addition, automated systems are less susceptible
to human error than their manual counterparts. While
there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome before
autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially,
they are expected to eventually become a common
sight in the world’s oceans.
5 4. Blockchain - Blockchain technology is
also beginning to make its way into the maritime
shipping industry. Blockchain offers several potential
benefits for maritime companies, including improved
tracking of shipments and real-time visibility of their
location- this would minimize delays caused by lost
or misplaced cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase
transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover,
blockchain-based smart contracts could automate
many administrative tasks related to shipping, such
as documentation and billing.
6 5. Big data and predictive analytics - Another
major trend transforming maritime shipping is the
increasing use of big data and predictive analytics.
The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data
that can be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly.
Big data analytics can improve everything from route
planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the
power of data, shipping companies can optimize their
operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and
security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable
for identifying potential problems before they occur,
such as equipment failures or weather hazards.
7 6. Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing
concern for maritime companies due to the increased
reliance on digital systems and networks. As the
shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized,
companies must implement robust cybersecurity
measures to protect their vessels and cargo from
attack. Ships are now equipped with everything
from satellite communications to remote monitoring
capabilities, all of which create potential cyber
vulnerabilities.
8 Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is
undergoing a period of significant change, with new
technologies and trends emerging that have the
potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods
around the world.
Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
The main idea of the text is to
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323122
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
In the section of paragraph 6 “the government should
base it on a clear vision and roadmap”, the modal verb
should indicates
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323121
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
In the passage of paragraph 6 “the decision in Guyana
on what technologies to adopt and how much to innovate
will have a big impact on results over the long term”, the
expression “over the long term” could be replaced, with
no change in meaning, by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323120
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
In the segment of paragraph 6 “Innovations and
technologies are key to the energy transition”, the term
key means
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323119
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
In the fragment of paragraph 5 “Innovative technology will
play a critical role in climate change”, the verb form will
indicates
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323118
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
In the fragment of paragraph 3 “Guyana can (…) address
the energy crisis”, the term address means
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323117
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
In the segment of paragraph 3 “becoming a top crude oil
producer globally”, the term top could be replaced, with no
change in meaning, by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323116
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
In the segment of paragraph 2 “By embedding
innovation earlier in the process, Guyana can skip
several steps and avoid what most economies went
through”, the term embedding could be replaced, with
no change in meaning, by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323115
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
The segment of paragraph 2 “technology is the driving
force behind progressive changes” means that technology
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323114
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
In the sentence of paragraph 2 “Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?”,
the term nevertheless establishes the idea of
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Náutica (20N)
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Segundo Oficial de Máquinas (20N) |
Q2323113
Inglês
Texto associado
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
1 We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy
crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy
realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and
secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of
Hess Corporation, mentioned during the International
Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
2 As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace
of innovation and technology is the driving force
behind progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can
Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security?
“By embedding innovation earlier in the process,
Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized
several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today,
there might be some accelerated success.”
3 Guyana can play an essential role in balancing
the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil
producer globally. The goal is to become competitive
in the global oil and gas market and this can be
achieved by attracting and establishing partnerships
with companies that can bring increased efficiency
and productivity to the local oil and gas operations,
from exploration and production to storage and
transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure
and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as
catalysts for technology and innovation.
4 Collaborating with universities and creating
a business innovation hub mentality for young
entrepreneurs with government support, like loan
guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the
industry.
5 Innovative technology will play a critical role in
climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2
equivalent a
year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current emissions.
Guyana today can become a world leader in setting
a benchmark around flaring and it’s possible for the
country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from
day one the right solutions and the right technologies
were properly planned and properly positioned in
order to enable the extraction and the production
with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions
Director at Schlumberger vocalized about a year ago.
6 Innovations and technologies are key to the
energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel
projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s
energy transition and future. All this requires not
only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and technology-friendly environment, with a
strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what
technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will
have a big impact on results over the long term and
the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil-
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development-
-caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
The fragment of paragraph 2 “vulnerability is the
birthplace of innovation” means that vulnerability
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Técnica Legislativa (Manhã) |
Q2322842
Inglês
Texto associado
Complex societies and the growth of the law
Modern societies rely upon law as the primary mechanism to
control their development and manage their conflicts. Through
carefully designed rights and responsibilities, institutions and
procedures, law can enable humans to engage in increasingly
complex social and economic activities. Therefore, law plays an
important role in understanding how societies change. To explore
the interplay between law and society, we need to study how
both co-evolve over time. This requires a firm quantitative grasp
of the changes occurring in both domains. But while quantifying
societal change has been the subject of tremendous research
efforts in fields such as sociology, economics, or social physics for
many years, much less work has been done to quantify legal
change. In fact, legal scholars have traditionally regarded the law
as hardly quantifiable, and although there is no dearth of
empirical legal studies, it is only recently that researchers have
begun to apply data science methods to law. To date, there have
been relatively few quantitative works that explicitly address
legal change, and almost no scholarship exists that analyses the
time-evolving outputs of the legislative and executive branches of
national governments at scale. Unlocking these data sources for
the interdisciplinary scientific community will be crucial for
understanding how law and society interact.
Our work takes a step towards this goal. As a starting point,
we hypothesise that an increasingly diverse and interconnected
society might create increasingly diverse and interconnected
rules. Lawmakers create, modify, and delete legal rules to achieve
particular behavioural outcomes, often in an effort to respond to
perceived changes in societal needs. While earlier large-scale quantitative work focused on analysing an individual snapshot of
laws enacted by national parliaments, collections of snapshots
offer a window into the dynamic interaction between law and
society. Such collections represent complete, time-evolving
populations of statutes at the national level. Hence, no sampling
is needed for their analysis, and all changes we observe are direct
consequences of legislative activity. This feature makes
collections of nation-level statutes particularly suitable for
investigating temporal dynamics.
To preserve the intended multidimensionality of legal
document collections and explore how they change over time,
legislative corpora should be modelled as dynamic document
networks. In particular, since legal documents are carefully
organised and interlinked, their structure provides a more direct
window into their content and dynamics than their language:
Networks honour the deliberate design decisions made by the
document authors and circumvent some of the ambiguity
problems that natural language-based approaches inherently
face. In this paper, we therefore develop an informed data model
for legislative corpora, capturing the richness of legislative data
for exploration by social physics.
Adapted from Katz, D.M., Coupette, C., Beckedorf, J. et al. Complex societies and the
growth of the law. Sci Rep 10, 18737 (2020). Available at
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73623-x
“Hence” in “Hence, no sampling is needed for their analysis”
(1st paragraph) can be replaced without change in meaning by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Técnica Legislativa (Manhã) |
Q2322841
Inglês
Texto associado
Complex societies and the growth of the law
Modern societies rely upon law as the primary mechanism to
control their development and manage their conflicts. Through
carefully designed rights and responsibilities, institutions and
procedures, law can enable humans to engage in increasingly
complex social and economic activities. Therefore, law plays an
important role in understanding how societies change. To explore
the interplay between law and society, we need to study how
both co-evolve over time. This requires a firm quantitative grasp
of the changes occurring in both domains. But while quantifying
societal change has been the subject of tremendous research
efforts in fields such as sociology, economics, or social physics for
many years, much less work has been done to quantify legal
change. In fact, legal scholars have traditionally regarded the law
as hardly quantifiable, and although there is no dearth of
empirical legal studies, it is only recently that researchers have
begun to apply data science methods to law. To date, there have
been relatively few quantitative works that explicitly address
legal change, and almost no scholarship exists that analyses the
time-evolving outputs of the legislative and executive branches of
national governments at scale. Unlocking these data sources for
the interdisciplinary scientific community will be crucial for
understanding how law and society interact.
Our work takes a step towards this goal. As a starting point,
we hypothesise that an increasingly diverse and interconnected
society might create increasingly diverse and interconnected
rules. Lawmakers create, modify, and delete legal rules to achieve
particular behavioural outcomes, often in an effort to respond to
perceived changes in societal needs. While earlier large-scale quantitative work focused on analysing an individual snapshot of
laws enacted by national parliaments, collections of snapshots
offer a window into the dynamic interaction between law and
society. Such collections represent complete, time-evolving
populations of statutes at the national level. Hence, no sampling
is needed for their analysis, and all changes we observe are direct
consequences of legislative activity. This feature makes
collections of nation-level statutes particularly suitable for
investigating temporal dynamics.
To preserve the intended multidimensionality of legal
document collections and explore how they change over time,
legislative corpora should be modelled as dynamic document
networks. In particular, since legal documents are carefully
organised and interlinked, their structure provides a more direct
window into their content and dynamics than their language:
Networks honour the deliberate design decisions made by the
document authors and circumvent some of the ambiguity
problems that natural language-based approaches inherently
face. In this paper, we therefore develop an informed data model
for legislative corpora, capturing the richness of legislative data
for exploration by social physics.
Adapted from Katz, D.M., Coupette, C., Beckedorf, J. et al. Complex societies and the
growth of the law. Sci Rep 10, 18737 (2020). Available at
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73623-x
The word “corpora” is in the plural as is
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Técnica Legislativa (Manhã) |
Q2322840
Inglês
Texto associado
Complex societies and the growth of the law
Modern societies rely upon law as the primary mechanism to
control their development and manage their conflicts. Through
carefully designed rights and responsibilities, institutions and
procedures, law can enable humans to engage in increasingly
complex social and economic activities. Therefore, law plays an
important role in understanding how societies change. To explore
the interplay between law and society, we need to study how
both co-evolve over time. This requires a firm quantitative grasp
of the changes occurring in both domains. But while quantifying
societal change has been the subject of tremendous research
efforts in fields such as sociology, economics, or social physics for
many years, much less work has been done to quantify legal
change. In fact, legal scholars have traditionally regarded the law
as hardly quantifiable, and although there is no dearth of
empirical legal studies, it is only recently that researchers have
begun to apply data science methods to law. To date, there have
been relatively few quantitative works that explicitly address
legal change, and almost no scholarship exists that analyses the
time-evolving outputs of the legislative and executive branches of
national governments at scale. Unlocking these data sources for
the interdisciplinary scientific community will be crucial for
understanding how law and society interact.
Our work takes a step towards this goal. As a starting point,
we hypothesise that an increasingly diverse and interconnected
society might create increasingly diverse and interconnected
rules. Lawmakers create, modify, and delete legal rules to achieve
particular behavioural outcomes, often in an effort to respond to
perceived changes in societal needs. While earlier large-scale quantitative work focused on analysing an individual snapshot of
laws enacted by national parliaments, collections of snapshots
offer a window into the dynamic interaction between law and
society. Such collections represent complete, time-evolving
populations of statutes at the national level. Hence, no sampling
is needed for their analysis, and all changes we observe are direct
consequences of legislative activity. This feature makes
collections of nation-level statutes particularly suitable for
investigating temporal dynamics.
To preserve the intended multidimensionality of legal
document collections and explore how they change over time,
legislative corpora should be modelled as dynamic document
networks. In particular, since legal documents are carefully
organised and interlinked, their structure provides a more direct
window into their content and dynamics than their language:
Networks honour the deliberate design decisions made by the
document authors and circumvent some of the ambiguity
problems that natural language-based approaches inherently
face. In this paper, we therefore develop an informed data model
for legislative corpora, capturing the richness of legislative data
for exploration by social physics.
Adapted from Katz, D.M., Coupette, C., Beckedorf, J. et al. Complex societies and the
growth of the law. Sci Rep 10, 18737 (2020). Available at
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73623-x
Analyse the assertions below based on the text:
I. Lawmakers tend to be quite sensitive to social demands.
II. Natural language-based approaches are liable to ambiguity.
III. The authors state that they eschew large corpora in their study.
Choose the correct answer:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Técnica Legislativa (Manhã) |
Q2322839
Inglês
Texto associado
Complex societies and the growth of the law
Modern societies rely upon law as the primary mechanism to
control their development and manage their conflicts. Through
carefully designed rights and responsibilities, institutions and
procedures, law can enable humans to engage in increasingly
complex social and economic activities. Therefore, law plays an
important role in understanding how societies change. To explore
the interplay between law and society, we need to study how
both co-evolve over time. This requires a firm quantitative grasp
of the changes occurring in both domains. But while quantifying
societal change has been the subject of tremendous research
efforts in fields such as sociology, economics, or social physics for
many years, much less work has been done to quantify legal
change. In fact, legal scholars have traditionally regarded the law
as hardly quantifiable, and although there is no dearth of
empirical legal studies, it is only recently that researchers have
begun to apply data science methods to law. To date, there have
been relatively few quantitative works that explicitly address
legal change, and almost no scholarship exists that analyses the
time-evolving outputs of the legislative and executive branches of
national governments at scale. Unlocking these data sources for
the interdisciplinary scientific community will be crucial for
understanding how law and society interact.
Our work takes a step towards this goal. As a starting point,
we hypothesise that an increasingly diverse and interconnected
society might create increasingly diverse and interconnected
rules. Lawmakers create, modify, and delete legal rules to achieve
particular behavioural outcomes, often in an effort to respond to
perceived changes in societal needs. While earlier large-scale quantitative work focused on analysing an individual snapshot of
laws enacted by national parliaments, collections of snapshots
offer a window into the dynamic interaction between law and
society. Such collections represent complete, time-evolving
populations of statutes at the national level. Hence, no sampling
is needed for their analysis, and all changes we observe are direct
consequences of legislative activity. This feature makes
collections of nation-level statutes particularly suitable for
investigating temporal dynamics.
To preserve the intended multidimensionality of legal
document collections and explore how they change over time,
legislative corpora should be modelled as dynamic document
networks. In particular, since legal documents are carefully
organised and interlinked, their structure provides a more direct
window into their content and dynamics than their language:
Networks honour the deliberate design decisions made by the
document authors and circumvent some of the ambiguity
problems that natural language-based approaches inherently
face. In this paper, we therefore develop an informed data model
for legislative corpora, capturing the richness of legislative data
for exploration by social physics.
Adapted from Katz, D.M., Coupette, C., Beckedorf, J. et al. Complex societies and the
growth of the law. Sci Rep 10, 18737 (2020). Available at
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73623-x
The word “dearth” in “there is no dearth of empirical legal
studies” (1st paragraph) means
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Técnica Legislativa (Manhã) |
Q2322838
Inglês
Texto associado
Complex societies and the growth of the law
Modern societies rely upon law as the primary mechanism to
control their development and manage their conflicts. Through
carefully designed rights and responsibilities, institutions and
procedures, law can enable humans to engage in increasingly
complex social and economic activities. Therefore, law plays an
important role in understanding how societies change. To explore
the interplay between law and society, we need to study how
both co-evolve over time. This requires a firm quantitative grasp
of the changes occurring in both domains. But while quantifying
societal change has been the subject of tremendous research
efforts in fields such as sociology, economics, or social physics for
many years, much less work has been done to quantify legal
change. In fact, legal scholars have traditionally regarded the law
as hardly quantifiable, and although there is no dearth of
empirical legal studies, it is only recently that researchers have
begun to apply data science methods to law. To date, there have
been relatively few quantitative works that explicitly address
legal change, and almost no scholarship exists that analyses the
time-evolving outputs of the legislative and executive branches of
national governments at scale. Unlocking these data sources for
the interdisciplinary scientific community will be crucial for
understanding how law and society interact.
Our work takes a step towards this goal. As a starting point,
we hypothesise that an increasingly diverse and interconnected
society might create increasingly diverse and interconnected
rules. Lawmakers create, modify, and delete legal rules to achieve
particular behavioural outcomes, often in an effort to respond to
perceived changes in societal needs. While earlier large-scale quantitative work focused on analysing an individual snapshot of
laws enacted by national parliaments, collections of snapshots
offer a window into the dynamic interaction between law and
society. Such collections represent complete, time-evolving
populations of statutes at the national level. Hence, no sampling
is needed for their analysis, and all changes we observe are direct
consequences of legislative activity. This feature makes
collections of nation-level statutes particularly suitable for
investigating temporal dynamics.
To preserve the intended multidimensionality of legal
document collections and explore how they change over time,
legislative corpora should be modelled as dynamic document
networks. In particular, since legal documents are carefully
organised and interlinked, their structure provides a more direct
window into their content and dynamics than their language:
Networks honour the deliberate design decisions made by the
document authors and circumvent some of the ambiguity
problems that natural language-based approaches inherently
face. In this paper, we therefore develop an informed data model
for legislative corpora, capturing the richness of legislative data
for exploration by social physics.
Adapted from Katz, D.M., Coupette, C., Beckedorf, J. et al. Complex societies and the
growth of the law. Sci Rep 10, 18737 (2020). Available at
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73623-x
Based on the text, mark the statements below as true (T) or false
(F).
( ) Diachronic studies are required for the study of the interaction between law and society.
( ) The studies of legal change and those of societal change have had an equivalent number of quantitative approaches.
( ) Legal scholars have traditionally applied data science methods to study the history of change.
The statements are, respectively,
( ) Diachronic studies are required for the study of the interaction between law and society.
( ) The studies of legal change and those of societal change have had an equivalent number of quantitative approaches.
( ) Legal scholars have traditionally applied data science methods to study the history of change.
The statements are, respectively,
Q2322002
Inglês
Texto associado
Is It Live, or Is It Deepfake?
It’s been four decades since society was in awe of the quality of
recordings available from a cassette recorder tape. Today we
have something new to be in awe of: deepfakes. Deepfakes
include hyperrealistic videos that use artificial intelligence (AI) to
create fake digital content that looks and sounds real. The word is
a portmanteau of “deep learning” and “fake.” Deepfakes are
everywhere: from TV news to advertising, from national election
campaigns to wars between states, and from cybercriminals’
phishing campaigns to insurance claims that fraudsters file. And
deepfakes come in all shapes and sizes — videos, pictures, audio,
text, and any other digital material that can be manipulated with
AI. One estimate suggests that deepfake content online is
growing at the rate of 400% annually.
There appear to be legitimate uses of deepfakes, such as in the
medical industry to improve the diagnostic accuracy of AI
algorithms in identifying periodontal disease or to help medical
professionals create artificial patients (from real patient data) to
safely test new diagnoses and treatments or help physicians
make medical decisions. Deepfakes are also used to entertain, as
seen recently on America’s Got Talent, and there may be future
uses where deepfake could help teachers address the personal
needs and preferences of specific students.
Unfortunately, there is also the obvious downside, where the
most visible examples represent malicious and illegitimate uses.
Examples already exist.
Deepfakes also involve voice phishing, also known as vishing,
which has been among the most common techniques for
cybercriminals. This technique involves using cloned voices over
the phone to exploit the victim’s professional or personal
relationships by impersonating trusted individuals. In March
2019, cybercriminals were able to use a deepfake to fool the CEO
of a U.K.-based energy firm into making a US$234,000 wire
transfer. The British CEO who was victimized thought that the
person speaking on the phone was the chief executive of the
firm’s German parent company. The deepfake caller asked him to
transfer the funds to a Hungarian supplier within an hour,
emphasizing that the matter was extremely urgent. The
fraudsters used AI-based software to successfully imitate the
German executive’s voice. […]
What can be done to combat deepfakes? Could we create
deepfake detectors? Or create laws or a code of conduct that
probably would be ignored?
There are tools that can analyze the blood flow in a subject’s face
and then compare it to human blood flow activity to detect a
fake. Also, the European Union is working on addressing
manipulative behaviors.
There are downsides to both categories of solutions, but clearly
something needs to be done to build trust in this emerging and
disruptive technology. The problem isn’t going away. It is only
increasing.
Authors
Nit Kshetri, Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of
North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
Joanna F. DeFranco, Software Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, Malvern, PA, USA
Jeffrey Voas, NIST, USA
Adapted from:
https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/2023/07/10154234/
1O1wTOn6ynC
The aim of the last paragraph is to:
Q2322001
Inglês
Texto associado
Is It Live, or Is It Deepfake?
It’s been four decades since society was in awe of the quality of
recordings available from a cassette recorder tape. Today we
have something new to be in awe of: deepfakes. Deepfakes
include hyperrealistic videos that use artificial intelligence (AI) to
create fake digital content that looks and sounds real. The word is
a portmanteau of “deep learning” and “fake.” Deepfakes are
everywhere: from TV news to advertising, from national election
campaigns to wars between states, and from cybercriminals’
phishing campaigns to insurance claims that fraudsters file. And
deepfakes come in all shapes and sizes — videos, pictures, audio,
text, and any other digital material that can be manipulated with
AI. One estimate suggests that deepfake content online is
growing at the rate of 400% annually.
There appear to be legitimate uses of deepfakes, such as in the
medical industry to improve the diagnostic accuracy of AI
algorithms in identifying periodontal disease or to help medical
professionals create artificial patients (from real patient data) to
safely test new diagnoses and treatments or help physicians
make medical decisions. Deepfakes are also used to entertain, as
seen recently on America’s Got Talent, and there may be future
uses where deepfake could help teachers address the personal
needs and preferences of specific students.
Unfortunately, there is also the obvious downside, where the
most visible examples represent malicious and illegitimate uses.
Examples already exist.
Deepfakes also involve voice phishing, also known as vishing,
which has been among the most common techniques for
cybercriminals. This technique involves using cloned voices over
the phone to exploit the victim’s professional or personal
relationships by impersonating trusted individuals. In March
2019, cybercriminals were able to use a deepfake to fool the CEO
of a U.K.-based energy firm into making a US$234,000 wire
transfer. The British CEO who was victimized thought that the
person speaking on the phone was the chief executive of the
firm’s German parent company. The deepfake caller asked him to
transfer the funds to a Hungarian supplier within an hour,
emphasizing that the matter was extremely urgent. The
fraudsters used AI-based software to successfully imitate the
German executive’s voice. […]
What can be done to combat deepfakes? Could we create
deepfake detectors? Or create laws or a code of conduct that
probably would be ignored?
There are tools that can analyze the blood flow in a subject’s face
and then compare it to human blood flow activity to detect a
fake. Also, the European Union is working on addressing
manipulative behaviors.
There are downsides to both categories of solutions, but clearly
something needs to be done to build trust in this emerging and
disruptive technology. The problem isn’t going away. It is only
increasing.
Authors
Nit Kshetri, Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of
North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
Joanna F. DeFranco, Software Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, Malvern, PA, USA
Jeffrey Voas, NIST, USA
Adapted from:
https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/2023/07/10154234/
1O1wTOn6ynC
The word “downsides” in “There are downsides to both
categories” (7th paragraph) means:
Q2322000
Inglês
Texto associado
Is It Live, or Is It Deepfake?
It’s been four decades since society was in awe of the quality of
recordings available from a cassette recorder tape. Today we
have something new to be in awe of: deepfakes. Deepfakes
include hyperrealistic videos that use artificial intelligence (AI) to
create fake digital content that looks and sounds real. The word is
a portmanteau of “deep learning” and “fake.” Deepfakes are
everywhere: from TV news to advertising, from national election
campaigns to wars between states, and from cybercriminals’
phishing campaigns to insurance claims that fraudsters file. And
deepfakes come in all shapes and sizes — videos, pictures, audio,
text, and any other digital material that can be manipulated with
AI. One estimate suggests that deepfake content online is
growing at the rate of 400% annually.
There appear to be legitimate uses of deepfakes, such as in the
medical industry to improve the diagnostic accuracy of AI
algorithms in identifying periodontal disease or to help medical
professionals create artificial patients (from real patient data) to
safely test new diagnoses and treatments or help physicians
make medical decisions. Deepfakes are also used to entertain, as
seen recently on America’s Got Talent, and there may be future
uses where deepfake could help teachers address the personal
needs and preferences of specific students.
Unfortunately, there is also the obvious downside, where the
most visible examples represent malicious and illegitimate uses.
Examples already exist.
Deepfakes also involve voice phishing, also known as vishing,
which has been among the most common techniques for
cybercriminals. This technique involves using cloned voices over
the phone to exploit the victim’s professional or personal
relationships by impersonating trusted individuals. In March
2019, cybercriminals were able to use a deepfake to fool the CEO
of a U.K.-based energy firm into making a US$234,000 wire
transfer. The British CEO who was victimized thought that the
person speaking on the phone was the chief executive of the
firm’s German parent company. The deepfake caller asked him to
transfer the funds to a Hungarian supplier within an hour,
emphasizing that the matter was extremely urgent. The
fraudsters used AI-based software to successfully imitate the
German executive’s voice. […]
What can be done to combat deepfakes? Could we create
deepfake detectors? Or create laws or a code of conduct that
probably would be ignored?
There are tools that can analyze the blood flow in a subject’s face
and then compare it to human blood flow activity to detect a
fake. Also, the European Union is working on addressing
manipulative behaviors.
There are downsides to both categories of solutions, but clearly
something needs to be done to build trust in this emerging and
disruptive technology. The problem isn’t going away. It is only
increasing.
Authors
Nit Kshetri, Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of
North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
Joanna F. DeFranco, Software Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, Malvern, PA, USA
Jeffrey Voas, NIST, USA
Adapted from:
https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/2023/07/10154234/
1O1wTOn6ynC
In the question “Or create laws or a code of conduct that
probably would be ignored?” (5th paragraph), the authors imply
that these laws and code of conduct may be:
Q2321999
Inglês
Texto associado
Is It Live, or Is It Deepfake?
It’s been four decades since society was in awe of the quality of
recordings available from a cassette recorder tape. Today we
have something new to be in awe of: deepfakes. Deepfakes
include hyperrealistic videos that use artificial intelligence (AI) to
create fake digital content that looks and sounds real. The word is
a portmanteau of “deep learning” and “fake.” Deepfakes are
everywhere: from TV news to advertising, from national election
campaigns to wars between states, and from cybercriminals’
phishing campaigns to insurance claims that fraudsters file. And
deepfakes come in all shapes and sizes — videos, pictures, audio,
text, and any other digital material that can be manipulated with
AI. One estimate suggests that deepfake content online is
growing at the rate of 400% annually.
There appear to be legitimate uses of deepfakes, such as in the
medical industry to improve the diagnostic accuracy of AI
algorithms in identifying periodontal disease or to help medical
professionals create artificial patients (from real patient data) to
safely test new diagnoses and treatments or help physicians
make medical decisions. Deepfakes are also used to entertain, as
seen recently on America’s Got Talent, and there may be future
uses where deepfake could help teachers address the personal
needs and preferences of specific students.
Unfortunately, there is also the obvious downside, where the
most visible examples represent malicious and illegitimate uses.
Examples already exist.
Deepfakes also involve voice phishing, also known as vishing,
which has been among the most common techniques for
cybercriminals. This technique involves using cloned voices over
the phone to exploit the victim’s professional or personal
relationships by impersonating trusted individuals. In March
2019, cybercriminals were able to use a deepfake to fool the CEO
of a U.K.-based energy firm into making a US$234,000 wire
transfer. The British CEO who was victimized thought that the
person speaking on the phone was the chief executive of the
firm’s German parent company. The deepfake caller asked him to
transfer the funds to a Hungarian supplier within an hour,
emphasizing that the matter was extremely urgent. The
fraudsters used AI-based software to successfully imitate the
German executive’s voice. […]
What can be done to combat deepfakes? Could we create
deepfake detectors? Or create laws or a code of conduct that
probably would be ignored?
There are tools that can analyze the blood flow in a subject’s face
and then compare it to human blood flow activity to detect a
fake. Also, the European Union is working on addressing
manipulative behaviors.
There are downsides to both categories of solutions, but clearly
something needs to be done to build trust in this emerging and
disruptive technology. The problem isn’t going away. It is only
increasing.
Authors
Nit Kshetri, Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of
North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
Joanna F. DeFranco, Software Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, Malvern, PA, USA
Jeffrey Voas, NIST, USA
Adapted from:
https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/2023/07/10154234/
1O1wTOn6ynC
When the authors refer to the use of deepfake in education (2nd
paragraph), they state that ultimately teachers may find it:
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