Questões de Inglês para Concurso

Emma Saunders.

Culture reporter.

           For the first time, less than half of 16 to 24-year-olds are now watching traditional TV each week.

         Just 48% of young adults tuned in during an average week last year, compared with 76% just five years before (2018), according to Ofcom’s annual Media Nations report.

          They watched traditional TV for an average of 33 minutes each day, down 16% year-on-year.

         It will come as no surprise to many that the age group spent three times as long each day (1hr 33min) watching video-sharing platforms such as TikTok and YouTube.

         Children between the ages of four and 15 are also switching off, with only 55% watching traditional TV each week last year, compared to 81% in 2018.

        But there has also been a decline in middle-aged viewers (45 to 54), dropping from 89% to 84% since 2023, and a 5% drop in viewers aged between 65 and 75.

         The over 75s slightly increased their traditional TV viewing, up 1% from last year, Ofcom said.

         The overall viewing figures declined by 6% last year, although that was a slower fall than in 2022 (12%).

       However, there was brighter news for radio. The first quarter of 2024 saw the highest number of weekly radio listeners across all devices in the last 20 years (just under 50 million). Listening time is up on last year to an average of 20.5 hours per week.

       Much of this is down to commercial radio’s continued success – just over seven in 10 people aged 15 and over tune into commercial stations at least once a week (70.4%) compared to 55.6% for BBC stations.

       But BBC Radio 2 was still the most popular UK station, and commercial radio had a slightly lower average listening time each week (14.0 hours compared to 14.2 hours for BBC stations).

        New Year's Eve Fireworks – BBC One, 12.1m

        Happy Valley – BBC One (series three, final episode) 12.1m

        The Coronation of The King and Queen Camilla – BBC One, 12m

        Eurovision Song Contest – BBC One, 10.1m

        Strictly Come Dancing – BBC One (series 21 finale) – BBC One, 9.9m

        I'm A Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! – ITV1 (series 23, launch episode) – 9.9m

        Beyond Paradise – BBC One (series one, episode one) – 9m

        Death in Paradise – BBC One (series 12, episode two) – 8.7m

        Glastonbury – BBC One (25 June) – 8.4m

        Call the Midwife Holiday Special – BBC One – 8.4m

        Music streaming

      Streaming was the second most listened to form of audio last year, with 50% of adults using services such as Spotify each week.

        Music streaming continues to account for two thirds of the total income for the record industry. 

        YouTube on Telly

        Despite shifts in viewing habits, TV screens are becoming more popular for watching YouTube content.

       The report says 34% of time spent watching YouTube at home is now on a TV set, up from 29% in 2022. This increases to 45% among children aged 4 to 15 – up from 36% in 2022.

       YouTube’s total in-home use grew to 38 minutes per person per day in 2023, an increase of 20% year-on-year.

      Overall, UK viewers watched more TV and video content at home in 2023, averaging 4hrs 31min a day (an increase of 6 minutes or 2% since 2022).

       This was mainly driven by an increase in daily viewing to video-sharing platforms (including YouTube) and to broadcast video-on-demand services, such as iPlayer and ITVX.

      Those services grew by 29% in 2023.

     Subscription services

     Overall daily viewing of subscription streaming services increased by six minutes to 38 minutes a day, with Netflix remaining the most popular service, accounting for half of all subscription video-on-demand viewing.

    But those pay-for streaming services have plateaued in reach, with about two thirds of households (68%) using at least one last year, similar to 2022.

    Yet the sector made just under £4bn in subscription revenue last year, up 22%, largely due to price increases.

        Developing literacy skills in a foreign language can begin as early as foreign language instruction begins. Although some EFL programs delay literacy instruction for young learners and only focus on oral language development, studies have shown that it is not necessary, or even recommended, to take this approach. First, it is widely known that literacy skills in the native or first language (L1) can be transferred to reading and writing in a foreign language, such as English. Remember that “One only has to become ‘literate’ once” (Shin and Crandall, 2014, p. 160), so English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers can tap into students’ understanding of print and strategies for making meaning from text that originate in their L1 as a starting point for building literacy in English. Even further, research supports that literacy skills can be transferred bidirectionally—that is, both ways between L1 and L2—and the language of initial literacy does not necessarily need to be the L1. Even preschool-age children who are not yet literate in their L1 can still engage in early literacy activities that build reading readiness and phonemic awareness. Teachers can read big books with print aloud and use songs and rhymes to focus on the sounds of English. They can also engage students in writing readiness exercises like tracing, connecting the dots, and coloring. These are fun and effective activities for building early literacy with young EFL learners.

        Although EFL teachers usually have limited time in class, sometimes only 3–5 hours a week, they should incorporate literacy instruction and not just oral skills development for young learners, especially because learning to read is also proven to assist in oral language development.[…] If students progress faster when reading is part of language instruction, EFL teachers of young learners should use a curriculum that integrates all four language skills and provides a balanced approach to literacy instruction.

        Note: Shin, J. K., & Crandall, J. A. (2014). Teaching Young Learners English: From Theory to Practice. Boston: National Geographic Learning/Cengage Learning.