Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês
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Mark the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks of the following quote with the simple past of the verb TO TAKE and the present perfect of the verb TO MAKE respectively.
“Two roads diverged in a wood, and I —
I ______1 the one less traveled by,
And that ______2 all the difference.” (Robert Frost)
“It isn't what we say or think that defines us, but what we do.”1 (Jane Austen)
“Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul – and sings the tunes without the words – and never stops at all.”2 (Emily Dickinson)
“A poet is a nightingale who sits in darkness and sings to cheer its own solitude with sweet sounds.”3 (Percy Bysshe Shelley)
The verb tenses in the three quotes above are, respectively,
“Every man's life ends the same way. It is only the details of how he lived and how he died that distinguish one man from another.” (Ernest Hemingway)
“I try to be as historically accurate as possible, but I think the story's more important than the history.” (Louis Bayard)
In the passages above the use of ‘s expresses, respectively, the
Read the following passage then mark the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks.
“And this I believe: that the free, exploring mind of the individual human is the most valuable thing in the world. And this I would fight for: the freedom of the mind to take any direction it wishes, undirected. And this I must fight against: any idea, religion, or government which limits or destroys the individual. This is what I am and what I am about.” (John Steinbeck)
This passage contains the recurrent use of a ______1 pronoun and an example of a ______2 adjective.
Read the following quotes and mark the alternative that fills in the blanks with the appropriate preposition.
“A sentence starts out like a lone traveler heading into a blizzard ______ 1 midnight, tilting into the wind, one arm shielding his face.” (Billy Collins)
“My heart leaps up when I behold a rainbow ______ 2 the sky.” (William Wordsworth)
“But I, being poor, have only my dreams; I have spread my dreams under your feet; Tread softly because you tread ______3 my dreams.” (William Butler Yeats)
“When we begin to take our failures non-seriously, it means we are ceasing to be afraid ______4 them.” (Katherine Mansfield)
“You have been the last dream ______5 my soul.” (Charles Dickens)
The Rise of the “Bike Bus” Movement
01 On Earth Day* 2022, Sam Balto, a physical education teacher in Portland, convinced a few
02 dozen parents to send their kids to school on their bikes and posted the first in a series of videos
03 that turned his “bike bus” into a viral sensation. Balto has continued documenting his weekly
04 bike buses with joyous videos that show students rolling to school while he blasts music from an
05 eclectic collection of artists, including AC/DC, Metallica, and OneRepublic. Over time, these
06 boisterous bike buses have grown to more than 150 kids. “The more these kids practice riding
07 bikes, the more confident they become. And now they want to keep riding on non-bike bus days,
08 and even on rainy days!” said Balto.
09 Balto’s bike bus is much more than a fad. His TikTok and Twitter videos have raked in
10 millions of views, inspiring similar initiatives in New York, New Jersey, Florida, Utah, Ohio, and
11 Texas. Bike buses previously existed in European cities such as Barcelona and London, but new
12 ones in cities like Cape Town are now joining the trend. Nancy Pullen-Seufert, the director of the
13 National Center for Safe Routes to School, said biking and walking to school have myriad benefits,
14 including “improving air quality, improving safety for walkers and bicyclists, increasing physical
15 activity, and making it easier for school buses and others who can’t actively travel to school to
16 arrive to school on time.”
17 Balto has also triggered real political change by working with lawmakers to pass a so-called
18 “Bike Bus Bill”, that was signed into law by Oregon Governor Tina Kotek in August. “The bill
19 brings flexibility so school districts can now use student transportation funds, which were
20 previously only for school buses, to pay for crossing guards or adults to lead walking school buses
21 or bike buses. It’s awesome.” Balto said. And he is not the only bike bus leader driving positive
22 change in Oregon… Last year, Megan Ramey, who has been organizing a bike bus ___ 2020, was
23 named the Safe Routes to School Manager at Hood River County School District and since then,
24 she has secured nearly $11 million in funding to make it safer for kids to walk and bike to school.
25 “I feel like I'm in a cash-grabbing machine. We just got $7 million to create an off-road trail to
26 the high school. This means kids will be able to bike to high school on a green trail instead of a
27 car-centered road,” said Ramey.
28 Nearly 90% of kids walked to school in 1969. Half a century later, in 2017, that number
29 had fallen to just 10%. That year, a third of students took the school bus and more than half
30 were driven in a private vehicle. This has led to more pollution, with researchers finding that
31 toxic car fumes have an adverse effect on attention, reasoning, and academic performance
32 among school children. In New York, the Open Schools Program has helped increase biking and
33 walking in the 65 schools that restricted traffic during drop-off and pick-up times this year, said
34 Sabina Sethi Unni, who works at Open Plans, a non-profit that supports the shift to walkable
35 cities. “This program makes kids more comfortable with walking and biking at a young age. When
36 they get older, they will be cyclists instead of car users,” said Unni.
(Available in: https://www.distilled.earth/p/the-rise-of-the-bike-bus-movement – text especially adapted for this test).
*Earth Day: a day in April designated for promoting concern for the environment (Merriam-Webster).
Mark the sentence below that shows the adapted excerpt “Balto has triggered real political change (…)” (l. 17) correctly rewritten in the passive voice, in the same verb tense.
The Rise of the “Bike Bus” Movement
01 On Earth Day* 2022, Sam Balto, a physical education teacher in Portland, convinced a few
02 dozen parents to send their kids to school on their bikes and posted the first in a series of videos
03 that turned his “bike bus” into a viral sensation. Balto has continued documenting his weekly
04 bike buses with joyous videos that show students rolling to school while he blasts music from an
05 eclectic collection of artists, including AC/DC, Metallica, and OneRepublic. Over time, these
06 boisterous bike buses have grown to more than 150 kids. “The more these kids practice riding
07 bikes, the more confident they become. And now they want to keep riding on non-bike bus days,
08 and even on rainy days!” said Balto.
09 Balto’s bike bus is much more than a fad. His TikTok and Twitter videos have raked in
10 millions of views, inspiring similar initiatives in New York, New Jersey, Florida, Utah, Ohio, and
11 Texas. Bike buses previously existed in European cities such as Barcelona and London, but new
12 ones in cities like Cape Town are now joining the trend. Nancy Pullen-Seufert, the director of the
13 National Center for Safe Routes to School, said biking and walking to school have myriad benefits,
14 including “improving air quality, improving safety for walkers and bicyclists, increasing physical
15 activity, and making it easier for school buses and others who can’t actively travel to school to
16 arrive to school on time.”
17 Balto has also triggered real political change by working with lawmakers to pass a so-called
18 “Bike Bus Bill”, that was signed into law by Oregon Governor Tina Kotek in August. “The bill
19 brings flexibility so school districts can now use student transportation funds, which were
20 previously only for school buses, to pay for crossing guards or adults to lead walking school buses
21 or bike buses. It’s awesome.” Balto said. And he is not the only bike bus leader driving positive
22 change in Oregon… Last year, Megan Ramey, who has been organizing a bike bus ___ 2020, was
23 named the Safe Routes to School Manager at Hood River County School District and since then,
24 she has secured nearly $11 million in funding to make it safer for kids to walk and bike to school.
25 “I feel like I'm in a cash-grabbing machine. We just got $7 million to create an off-road trail to
26 the high school. This means kids will be able to bike to high school on a green trail instead of a
27 car-centered road,” said Ramey.
28 Nearly 90% of kids walked to school in 1969. Half a century later, in 2017, that number
29 had fallen to just 10%. That year, a third of students took the school bus and more than half
30 were driven in a private vehicle. This has led to more pollution, with researchers finding that
31 toxic car fumes have an adverse effect on attention, reasoning, and academic performance
32 among school children. In New York, the Open Schools Program has helped increase biking and
33 walking in the 65 schools that restricted traffic during drop-off and pick-up times this year, said
34 Sabina Sethi Unni, who works at Open Plans, a non-profit that supports the shift to walkable
35 cities. “This program makes kids more comfortable with walking and biking at a young age. When
36 they get older, they will be cyclists instead of car users,” said Unni.
(Available in: https://www.distilled.earth/p/the-rise-of-the-bike-bus-movement – text especially adapted for this test).
*Earth Day: a day in April designated for promoting concern for the environment (Merriam-Webster).
The word that correctly completes the gap in line 22 is:
The Rise of the “Bike Bus” Movement
01 On Earth Day* 2022, Sam Balto, a physical education teacher in Portland, convinced a few
02 dozen parents to send their kids to school on their bikes and posted the first in a series of videos
03 that turned his “bike bus” into a viral sensation. Balto has continued documenting his weekly
04 bike buses with joyous videos that show students rolling to school while he blasts music from an
05 eclectic collection of artists, including AC/DC, Metallica, and OneRepublic. Over time, these
06 boisterous bike buses have grown to more than 150 kids. “The more these kids practice riding
07 bikes, the more confident they become. And now they want to keep riding on non-bike bus days,
08 and even on rainy days!” said Balto.
09 Balto’s bike bus is much more than a fad. His TikTok and Twitter videos have raked in
10 millions of views, inspiring similar initiatives in New York, New Jersey, Florida, Utah, Ohio, and
11 Texas. Bike buses previously existed in European cities such as Barcelona and London, but new
12 ones in cities like Cape Town are now joining the trend. Nancy Pullen-Seufert, the director of the
13 National Center for Safe Routes to School, said biking and walking to school have myriad benefits,
14 including “improving air quality, improving safety for walkers and bicyclists, increasing physical
15 activity, and making it easier for school buses and others who can’t actively travel to school to
16 arrive to school on time.”
17 Balto has also triggered real political change by working with lawmakers to pass a so-called
18 “Bike Bus Bill”, that was signed into law by Oregon Governor Tina Kotek in August. “The bill
19 brings flexibility so school districts can now use student transportation funds, which were
20 previously only for school buses, to pay for crossing guards or adults to lead walking school buses
21 or bike buses. It’s awesome.” Balto said. And he is not the only bike bus leader driving positive
22 change in Oregon… Last year, Megan Ramey, who has been organizing a bike bus ___ 2020, was
23 named the Safe Routes to School Manager at Hood River County School District and since then,
24 she has secured nearly $11 million in funding to make it safer for kids to walk and bike to school.
25 “I feel like I'm in a cash-grabbing machine. We just got $7 million to create an off-road trail to
26 the high school. This means kids will be able to bike to high school on a green trail instead of a
27 car-centered road,” said Ramey.
28 Nearly 90% of kids walked to school in 1969. Half a century later, in 2017, that number
29 had fallen to just 10%. That year, a third of students took the school bus and more than half
30 were driven in a private vehicle. This has led to more pollution, with researchers finding that
31 toxic car fumes have an adverse effect on attention, reasoning, and academic performance
32 among school children. In New York, the Open Schools Program has helped increase biking and
33 walking in the 65 schools that restricted traffic during drop-off and pick-up times this year, said
34 Sabina Sethi Unni, who works at Open Plans, a non-profit that supports the shift to walkable
35 cities. “This program makes kids more comfortable with walking and biking at a young age. When
36 they get older, they will be cyclists instead of car users,” said Unni.
(Available in: https://www.distilled.earth/p/the-rise-of-the-bike-bus-movement – text especially adapted for this test).
*Earth Day: a day in April designated for promoting concern for the environment (Merriam-Webster).
Which of the following statements about the article is INCORRECT?
The Rise of the “Bike Bus” Movement
01 On Earth Day* 2022, Sam Balto, a physical education teacher in Portland, convinced a few
02 dozen parents to send their kids to school on their bikes and posted the first in a series of videos
03 that turned his “bike bus” into a viral sensation. Balto has continued documenting his weekly
04 bike buses with joyous videos that show students rolling to school while he blasts music from an
05 eclectic collection of artists, including AC/DC, Metallica, and OneRepublic. Over time, these
06 boisterous bike buses have grown to more than 150 kids. “The more these kids practice riding
07 bikes, the more confident they become. And now they want to keep riding on non-bike bus days,
08 and even on rainy days!” said Balto.
09 Balto’s bike bus is much more than a fad. His TikTok and Twitter videos have raked in
10 millions of views, inspiring similar initiatives in New York, New Jersey, Florida, Utah, Ohio, and
11 Texas. Bike buses previously existed in European cities such as Barcelona and London, but new
12 ones in cities like Cape Town are now joining the trend. Nancy Pullen-Seufert, the director of the
13 National Center for Safe Routes to School, said biking and walking to school have myriad benefits,
14 including “improving air quality, improving safety for walkers and bicyclists, increasing physical
15 activity, and making it easier for school buses and others who can’t actively travel to school to
16 arrive to school on time.”
17 Balto has also triggered real political change by working with lawmakers to pass a so-called
18 “Bike Bus Bill”, that was signed into law by Oregon Governor Tina Kotek in August. “The bill
19 brings flexibility so school districts can now use student transportation funds, which were
20 previously only for school buses, to pay for crossing guards or adults to lead walking school buses
21 or bike buses. It’s awesome.” Balto said. And he is not the only bike bus leader driving positive
22 change in Oregon… Last year, Megan Ramey, who has been organizing a bike bus ___ 2020, was
23 named the Safe Routes to School Manager at Hood River County School District and since then,
24 she has secured nearly $11 million in funding to make it safer for kids to walk and bike to school.
25 “I feel like I'm in a cash-grabbing machine. We just got $7 million to create an off-road trail to
26 the high school. This means kids will be able to bike to high school on a green trail instead of a
27 car-centered road,” said Ramey.
28 Nearly 90% of kids walked to school in 1969. Half a century later, in 2017, that number
29 had fallen to just 10%. That year, a third of students took the school bus and more than half
30 were driven in a private vehicle. This has led to more pollution, with researchers finding that
31 toxic car fumes have an adverse effect on attention, reasoning, and academic performance
32 among school children. In New York, the Open Schools Program has helped increase biking and
33 walking in the 65 schools that restricted traffic during drop-off and pick-up times this year, said
34 Sabina Sethi Unni, who works at Open Plans, a non-profit that supports the shift to walkable
35 cities. “This program makes kids more comfortable with walking and biking at a young age. When
36 they get older, they will be cyclists instead of car users,” said Unni.
(Available in: https://www.distilled.earth/p/the-rise-of-the-bike-bus-movement – text especially adapted for this test).
*Earth Day: a day in April designated for promoting concern for the environment (Merriam-Webster).
Which alternative below shows nouns that follow the same plural spelling rules as the words “days” (l. 08), “buses” (l. 11), and “cities” (l. 12), in this order?
The Rise of the “Bike Bus” Movement
01 On Earth Day* 2022, Sam Balto, a physical education teacher in Portland, convinced a few
02 dozen parents to send their kids to school on their bikes and posted the first in a series of videos
03 that turned his “bike bus” into a viral sensation. Balto has continued documenting his weekly
04 bike buses with joyous videos that show students rolling to school while he blasts music from an
05 eclectic collection of artists, including AC/DC, Metallica, and OneRepublic. Over time, these
06 boisterous bike buses have grown to more than 150 kids. “The more these kids practice riding
07 bikes, the more confident they become. And now they want to keep riding on non-bike bus days,
08 and even on rainy days!” said Balto.
09 Balto’s bike bus is much more than a fad. His TikTok and Twitter videos have raked in
10 millions of views, inspiring similar initiatives in New York, New Jersey, Florida, Utah, Ohio, and
11 Texas. Bike buses previously existed in European cities such as Barcelona and London, but new
12 ones in cities like Cape Town are now joining the trend. Nancy Pullen-Seufert, the director of the
13 National Center for Safe Routes to School, said biking and walking to school have myriad benefits,
14 including “improving air quality, improving safety for walkers and bicyclists, increasing physical
15 activity, and making it easier for school buses and others who can’t actively travel to school to
16 arrive to school on time.”
17 Balto has also triggered real political change by working with lawmakers to pass a so-called
18 “Bike Bus Bill”, that was signed into law by Oregon Governor Tina Kotek in August. “The bill
19 brings flexibility so school districts can now use student transportation funds, which were
20 previously only for school buses, to pay for crossing guards or adults to lead walking school buses
21 or bike buses. It’s awesome.” Balto said. And he is not the only bike bus leader driving positive
22 change in Oregon… Last year, Megan Ramey, who has been organizing a bike bus ___ 2020, was
23 named the Safe Routes to School Manager at Hood River County School District and since then,
24 she has secured nearly $11 million in funding to make it safer for kids to walk and bike to school.
25 “I feel like I'm in a cash-grabbing machine. We just got $7 million to create an off-road trail to
26 the high school. This means kids will be able to bike to high school on a green trail instead of a
27 car-centered road,” said Ramey.
28 Nearly 90% of kids walked to school in 1969. Half a century later, in 2017, that number
29 had fallen to just 10%. That year, a third of students took the school bus and more than half
30 were driven in a private vehicle. This has led to more pollution, with researchers finding that
31 toxic car fumes have an adverse effect on attention, reasoning, and academic performance
32 among school children. In New York, the Open Schools Program has helped increase biking and
33 walking in the 65 schools that restricted traffic during drop-off and pick-up times this year, said
34 Sabina Sethi Unni, who works at Open Plans, a non-profit that supports the shift to walkable
35 cities. “This program makes kids more comfortable with walking and biking at a young age. When
36 they get older, they will be cyclists instead of car users,” said Unni.
(Available in: https://www.distilled.earth/p/the-rise-of-the-bike-bus-movement – text especially adapted for this test).
*Earth Day: a day in April designated for promoting concern for the environment (Merriam-Webster).
What is the main objective of the “Bike Bus” Movement?
Text for items from 16 to 20.
1 Nowadays, occupational therapists have access
to many technological features that aid patients in
overcoming their physical limitations.
4 While many traditional OT methods are still
highly effective, using technology can help with patient
engagement, especially in the case of young children.
7For example, a child whose treatment includes drawing
or coloring can use an iPad, instead of crayons, messy
markers and coloring books to practice these skills.
10 Elderly patients can use virtual assistants, like
Alexa or Siri, to control their environment without having
to get up or ask others for help. While teaching patients
13 how to use a virtual assistant may sound unconventional,
keep in mind the goal of occupational therapy is to help
someone become more independent, which is something
16 a virtual assistant does.
Internet: (with adaptations).
The modal verb in “can use an IPad” (line 8) indicates
Text for items from 16 to 20.
1 Nowadays, occupational therapists have access
to many technological features that aid patients in
overcoming their physical limitations.
4 While many traditional OT methods are still
highly effective, using technology can help with patient
engagement, especially in the case of young children.
7For example, a child whose treatment includes drawing
or coloring can use an iPad, instead of crayons, messy
markers and coloring books to practice these skills.
10 Elderly patients can use virtual assistants, like
Alexa or Siri, to control their environment without having
to get up or ask others for help. While teaching patients
13 how to use a virtual assistant may sound unconventional,
keep in mind the goal of occupational therapy is to help
someone become more independent, which is something
16 a virtual assistant does.
Internet: (with adaptations).
Choose the opposite adjective to “Elderly” (line 10).
Text for items from 16 to 20.
1 Nowadays, occupational therapists have access
to many technological features that aid patients in
overcoming their physical limitations.
4 While many traditional OT methods are still
highly effective, using technology can help with patient
engagement, especially in the case of young children.
7For example, a child whose treatment includes drawing
or coloring can use an iPad, instead of crayons, messy
markers and coloring books to practice these skills.
10 Elderly patients can use virtual assistants, like
Alexa or Siri, to control their environment without having
to get up or ask others for help. While teaching patients
13 how to use a virtual assistant may sound unconventional,
keep in mind the goal of occupational therapy is to help
someone become more independent, which is something
16 a virtual assistant does.
Internet: (with adaptations).
The verb “does” (line 16) in “which is something a virtual assistant does” (lines 15 and 16) is conjugated in the 3rd person singular to agree with the subject
Text for items from 16 to 20.
1 Nowadays, occupational therapists have access
to many technological features that aid patients in
overcoming their physical limitations.
4 While many traditional OT methods are still
highly effective, using technology can help with patient
engagement, especially in the case of young children.
7For example, a child whose treatment includes drawing
or coloring can use an iPad, instead of crayons, messy
markers and coloring books to practice these skills.
10 Elderly patients can use virtual assistants, like
Alexa or Siri, to control their environment without having
to get up or ask others for help. While teaching patients
13 how to use a virtual assistant may sound unconventional,
keep in mind the goal of occupational therapy is to help
someone become more independent, which is something
16 a virtual assistant does.
Internet: (with adaptations).
In the period “Nowadays, occupational therapists have access to many technological features that aid patients in overcoming their physical limitations” (lines from 1 to 3), the adverb “nowadays” (line 1) can be correctly replaced by
Pollution
Thick black smoke curling out of smokestacks, horrible-tasting chemicals in your drinking water, pesticides in your food - these are examples of pollution. Pollution is any contamination of the environment which causes harm to the environment or the inhabitants of the environment. There are many kinds of pollution, and there are many pollutants. Some obvious kinds of pollution are pollution of the air, soil, and water. Some less obvious, or less salient kinds of pollution are radioactive, noise, light pollution, and green-house gasses.
Air pollution can be caused by particles, liquids, or gases that make the air harmful to breathe. There are two main types of air pollution: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants enter the air directly, like smoke from factories and car exhaust. Secondary pollutants are chemicals that mix together to pollute the air, like mixtures of emissions, or waste output, from vehicles and factory smoke that change to form more dangerous pollutants in the air and sunlight.
Soil pollution can be caused by pesticides, leakage..........................chemical tanks, oil spills, and other chemicals..........................get into the soil by dumping or accidental contamination. Soil pollution can also cause water pollution.............................underground water becomes contaminated by coming.............................contact with the polluted soil.
Water pollution can be caused by waste products, sewage, oil spills, and litter in streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Some scientists believe that water pollution is the largest cause of death and disease in the world, causing about 14,000 deaths in the world each day.
Radioactive pollution can be caused by leaks or spills of radioactive materials. These materials can come from medical sources, nuclear power plants, or laboratories which handle radioactive materials. Air, soil, and water can be polluted by radioactivity. It can cause damage to animals, both internally and externally, by eating, drinking, or touching it. It can cause birth defects and genetic problems. It can cause certain cancers and other deadly diseases.
Noise pollution can be caused by vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise. It can also be caused by military or experimental sonar. Noise has health effects on people and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure, heart problems, sleep disturbances, and hearing problems. In animals, it can cause communication, reproductive, and navigation problems – they have difficulty finding their direction. Sonar has even caused whales to beach themselves because they respond to the sonar as if it were another whale.
Light pollution can be caused by advertising signs, stadium and city lighting, and other artificial lighting (like the light caused by night traffic). Artificial lighting has health effects on humans and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure and affect sleeping and waking rhythms and immunity. It might be a factor in some cancers, such as breast cancer. In animals, it can affect sleeping and waking rhythms, navigation, and reproduction.
In addition, greenhouse gases have caused a warming effect on the earth’s climate. The greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. They are naturally–occurring gases in the atmosphere, but human activity has increased their concentration in the atmosphere. For example, the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have risen due to the burning of fossil fuels. The effect is a rise in global temperatures. The higher temperatures cause the melting of glaciers, a rise in the water level of oceans, and the disruption of both land and marine life, including that of humans. Although carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to survive, it is also considered to be a kind of pollution because high levels of carbon dioxide have caused the oceans to become more acidic.
It is not possible for anyone to predict the exact timing and effects of global pollution and global climate change brought about by pollution. There is general agreement by scientists that the global climate will continue to change, that the intensity of weather effects will continue to increase, and that some species of animals will become extinct. There is also general agreement, or consensus, that humans need to take steps to reduce emissions of waste products and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, make adaptations to the changes that are occurring, and figure out ways of reversing the trends of pollution and global warming.
Choose the alternative that presents the main purpose of The Communicative language teaching (CLT) method of Language Teaching.
Pollution
Thick black smoke curling out of smokestacks, horrible-tasting chemicals in your drinking water, pesticides in your food - these are examples of pollution. Pollution is any contamination of the environment which causes harm to the environment or the inhabitants of the environment. There are many kinds of pollution, and there are many pollutants. Some obvious kinds of pollution are pollution of the air, soil, and water. Some less obvious, or less salient kinds of pollution are radioactive, noise, light pollution, and green-house gasses.
Air pollution can be caused by particles, liquids, or gases that make the air harmful to breathe. There are two main types of air pollution: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants enter the air directly, like smoke from factories and car exhaust. Secondary pollutants are chemicals that mix together to pollute the air, like mixtures of emissions, or waste output, from vehicles and factory smoke that change to form more dangerous pollutants in the air and sunlight.
Soil pollution can be caused by pesticides, leakage..........................chemical tanks, oil spills, and other chemicals..........................get into the soil by dumping or accidental contamination. Soil pollution can also cause water pollution.............................underground water becomes contaminated by coming.............................contact with the polluted soil.
Water pollution can be caused by waste products, sewage, oil spills, and litter in streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Some scientists believe that water pollution is the largest cause of death and disease in the world, causing about 14,000 deaths in the world each day.
Radioactive pollution can be caused by leaks or spills of radioactive materials. These materials can come from medical sources, nuclear power plants, or laboratories which handle radioactive materials. Air, soil, and water can be polluted by radioactivity. It can cause damage to animals, both internally and externally, by eating, drinking, or touching it. It can cause birth defects and genetic problems. It can cause certain cancers and other deadly diseases.
Noise pollution can be caused by vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise. It can also be caused by military or experimental sonar. Noise has health effects on people and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure, heart problems, sleep disturbances, and hearing problems. In animals, it can cause communication, reproductive, and navigation problems – they have difficulty finding their direction. Sonar has even caused whales to beach themselves because they respond to the sonar as if it were another whale.
Light pollution can be caused by advertising signs, stadium and city lighting, and other artificial lighting (like the light caused by night traffic). Artificial lighting has health effects on humans and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure and affect sleeping and waking rhythms and immunity. It might be a factor in some cancers, such as breast cancer. In animals, it can affect sleeping and waking rhythms, navigation, and reproduction.
In addition, greenhouse gases have caused a warming effect on the earth’s climate. The greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. They are naturally–occurring gases in the atmosphere, but human activity has increased their concentration in the atmosphere. For example, the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have risen due to the burning of fossil fuels. The effect is a rise in global temperatures. The higher temperatures cause the melting of glaciers, a rise in the water level of oceans, and the disruption of both land and marine life, including that of humans. Although carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to survive, it is also considered to be a kind of pollution because high levels of carbon dioxide have caused the oceans to become more acidic.
It is not possible for anyone to predict the exact timing and effects of global pollution and global climate change brought about by pollution. There is general agreement by scientists that the global climate will continue to change, that the intensity of weather effects will continue to increase, and that some species of animals will become extinct. There is also general agreement, or consensus, that humans need to take steps to reduce emissions of waste products and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, make adaptations to the changes that are occurring, and figure out ways of reversing the trends of pollution and global warming.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct words that are missing in the 3rd paragraph of the text.
Pollution
Thick black smoke curling out of smokestacks, horrible-tasting chemicals in your drinking water, pesticides in your food - these are examples of pollution. Pollution is any contamination of the environment which causes harm to the environment or the inhabitants of the environment. There are many kinds of pollution, and there are many pollutants. Some obvious kinds of pollution are pollution of the air, soil, and water. Some less obvious, or less salient kinds of pollution are radioactive, noise, light pollution, and green-house gasses.
Air pollution can be caused by particles, liquids, or gases that make the air harmful to breathe. There are two main types of air pollution: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants enter the air directly, like smoke from factories and car exhaust. Secondary pollutants are chemicals that mix together to pollute the air, like mixtures of emissions, or waste output, from vehicles and factory smoke that change to form more dangerous pollutants in the air and sunlight.
Soil pollution can be caused by pesticides, leakage..........................chemical tanks, oil spills, and other chemicals..........................get into the soil by dumping or accidental contamination. Soil pollution can also cause water pollution.............................underground water becomes contaminated by coming.............................contact with the polluted soil.
Water pollution can be caused by waste products, sewage, oil spills, and litter in streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Some scientists believe that water pollution is the largest cause of death and disease in the world, causing about 14,000 deaths in the world each day.
Radioactive pollution can be caused by leaks or spills of radioactive materials. These materials can come from medical sources, nuclear power plants, or laboratories which handle radioactive materials. Air, soil, and water can be polluted by radioactivity. It can cause damage to animals, both internally and externally, by eating, drinking, or touching it. It can cause birth defects and genetic problems. It can cause certain cancers and other deadly diseases.
Noise pollution can be caused by vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise. It can also be caused by military or experimental sonar. Noise has health effects on people and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure, heart problems, sleep disturbances, and hearing problems. In animals, it can cause communication, reproductive, and navigation problems – they have difficulty finding their direction. Sonar has even caused whales to beach themselves because they respond to the sonar as if it were another whale.
Light pollution can be caused by advertising signs, stadium and city lighting, and other artificial lighting (like the light caused by night traffic). Artificial lighting has health effects on humans and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure and affect sleeping and waking rhythms and immunity. It might be a factor in some cancers, such as breast cancer. In animals, it can affect sleeping and waking rhythms, navigation, and reproduction.
In addition, greenhouse gases have caused a warming effect on the earth’s climate. The greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. They are naturally–occurring gases in the atmosphere, but human activity has increased their concentration in the atmosphere. For example, the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have risen due to the burning of fossil fuels. The effect is a rise in global temperatures. The higher temperatures cause the melting of glaciers, a rise in the water level of oceans, and the disruption of both land and marine life, including that of humans. Although carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to survive, it is also considered to be a kind of pollution because high levels of carbon dioxide have caused the oceans to become more acidic.
It is not possible for anyone to predict the exact timing and effects of global pollution and global climate change brought about by pollution. There is general agreement by scientists that the global climate will continue to change, that the intensity of weather effects will continue to increase, and that some species of animals will become extinct. There is also general agreement, or consensus, that humans need to take steps to reduce emissions of waste products and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, make adaptations to the changes that are occurring, and figure out ways of reversing the trends of pollution and global warming.
Based on the text, which alternative contains the correct effect of artificial light pollution?
Pollution
Thick black smoke curling out of smokestacks, horrible-tasting chemicals in your drinking water, pesticides in your food - these are examples of pollution. Pollution is any contamination of the environment which causes harm to the environment or the inhabitants of the environment. There are many kinds of pollution, and there are many pollutants. Some obvious kinds of pollution are pollution of the air, soil, and water. Some less obvious, or less salient kinds of pollution are radioactive, noise, light pollution, and green-house gasses.
Air pollution can be caused by particles, liquids, or gases that make the air harmful to breathe. There are two main types of air pollution: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants enter the air directly, like smoke from factories and car exhaust. Secondary pollutants are chemicals that mix together to pollute the air, like mixtures of emissions, or waste output, from vehicles and factory smoke that change to form more dangerous pollutants in the air and sunlight.
Soil pollution can be caused by pesticides, leakage..........................chemical tanks, oil spills, and other chemicals..........................get into the soil by dumping or accidental contamination. Soil pollution can also cause water pollution.............................underground water becomes contaminated by coming.............................contact with the polluted soil.
Water pollution can be caused by waste products, sewage, oil spills, and litter in streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Some scientists believe that water pollution is the largest cause of death and disease in the world, causing about 14,000 deaths in the world each day.
Radioactive pollution can be caused by leaks or spills of radioactive materials. These materials can come from medical sources, nuclear power plants, or laboratories which handle radioactive materials. Air, soil, and water can be polluted by radioactivity. It can cause damage to animals, both internally and externally, by eating, drinking, or touching it. It can cause birth defects and genetic problems. It can cause certain cancers and other deadly diseases.
Noise pollution can be caused by vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise. It can also be caused by military or experimental sonar. Noise has health effects on people and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure, heart problems, sleep disturbances, and hearing problems. In animals, it can cause communication, reproductive, and navigation problems – they have difficulty finding their direction. Sonar has even caused whales to beach themselves because they respond to the sonar as if it were another whale.
Light pollution can be caused by advertising signs, stadium and city lighting, and other artificial lighting (like the light caused by night traffic). Artificial lighting has health effects on humans and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure and affect sleeping and waking rhythms and immunity. It might be a factor in some cancers, such as breast cancer. In animals, it can affect sleeping and waking rhythms, navigation, and reproduction.
In addition, greenhouse gases have caused a warming effect on the earth’s climate. The greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. They are naturally–occurring gases in the atmosphere, but human activity has increased their concentration in the atmosphere. For example, the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have risen due to the burning of fossil fuels. The effect is a rise in global temperatures. The higher temperatures cause the melting of glaciers, a rise in the water level of oceans, and the disruption of both land and marine life, including that of humans. Although carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to survive, it is also considered to be a kind of pollution because high levels of carbon dioxide have caused the oceans to become more acidic.
It is not possible for anyone to predict the exact timing and effects of global pollution and global climate change brought about by pollution. There is general agreement by scientists that the global climate will continue to change, that the intensity of weather effects will continue to increase, and that some species of animals will become extinct. There is also general agreement, or consensus, that humans need to take steps to reduce emissions of waste products and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, make adaptations to the changes that are occurring, and figure out ways of reversing the trends of pollution and global warming.
According to the text, we can infer that:
Pollution
Thick black smoke curling out of smokestacks, horrible-tasting chemicals in your drinking water, pesticides in your food - these are examples of pollution. Pollution is any contamination of the environment which causes harm to the environment or the inhabitants of the environment. There are many kinds of pollution, and there are many pollutants. Some obvious kinds of pollution are pollution of the air, soil, and water. Some less obvious, or less salient kinds of pollution are radioactive, noise, light pollution, and green-house gasses.
Air pollution can be caused by particles, liquids, or gases that make the air harmful to breathe. There are two main types of air pollution: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants enter the air directly, like smoke from factories and car exhaust. Secondary pollutants are chemicals that mix together to pollute the air, like mixtures of emissions, or waste output, from vehicles and factory smoke that change to form more dangerous pollutants in the air and sunlight.
Soil pollution can be caused by pesticides, leakage..........................chemical tanks, oil spills, and other chemicals..........................get into the soil by dumping or accidental contamination. Soil pollution can also cause water pollution.............................underground water becomes contaminated by coming.............................contact with the polluted soil.
Water pollution can be caused by waste products, sewage, oil spills, and litter in streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Some scientists believe that water pollution is the largest cause of death and disease in the world, causing about 14,000 deaths in the world each day.
Radioactive pollution can be caused by leaks or spills of radioactive materials. These materials can come from medical sources, nuclear power plants, or laboratories which handle radioactive materials. Air, soil, and water can be polluted by radioactivity. It can cause damage to animals, both internally and externally, by eating, drinking, or touching it. It can cause birth defects and genetic problems. It can cause certain cancers and other deadly diseases.
Noise pollution can be caused by vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise. It can also be caused by military or experimental sonar. Noise has health effects on people and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure, heart problems, sleep disturbances, and hearing problems. In animals, it can cause communication, reproductive, and navigation problems – they have difficulty finding their direction. Sonar has even caused whales to beach themselves because they respond to the sonar as if it were another whale.
Light pollution can be caused by advertising signs, stadium and city lighting, and other artificial lighting (like the light caused by night traffic). Artificial lighting has health effects on humans and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure and affect sleeping and waking rhythms and immunity. It might be a factor in some cancers, such as breast cancer. In animals, it can affect sleeping and waking rhythms, navigation, and reproduction.
In addition, greenhouse gases have caused a warming effect on the earth’s climate. The greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. They are naturally–occurring gases in the atmosphere, but human activity has increased their concentration in the atmosphere. For example, the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have risen due to the burning of fossil fuels. The effect is a rise in global temperatures. The higher temperatures cause the melting of glaciers, a rise in the water level of oceans, and the disruption of both land and marine life, including that of humans. Although carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to survive, it is also considered to be a kind of pollution because high levels of carbon dioxide have caused the oceans to become more acidic.
It is not possible for anyone to predict the exact timing and effects of global pollution and global climate change brought about by pollution. There is general agreement by scientists that the global climate will continue to change, that the intensity of weather effects will continue to increase, and that some species of animals will become extinct. There is also general agreement, or consensus, that humans need to take steps to reduce emissions of waste products and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, make adaptations to the changes that are occurring, and figure out ways of reversing the trends of pollution and global warming.
According to the text, the kind of pollution that is thought to cause the most death and disease is:
Read the text and answer the question.
Academic internationalisation policies have been a trend since the late 20th century at HEIs all over the world. This process is an important step towards transforming education, research and extension, training professionals with multicultural attitudes and global thinking and has grown in scope, scale and value, emerging as a rapidly evolving process. This process can help develop students' international and intercultural knowledge, competences and values - through improved teaching and learning, international mobility, and a curriculum that includes comparative, international and intercultural elements. Comparative, international and intercultural elements to ensure that students are better prepared to live and work in a more interconnected world. Furthermore, internationalisation seeks to improve the quality of teaching and research for all students and staff and to make a significant contribution to society.
(OLIVEIRA, F. B. Percepções de Discentes de uma Universidade Pública Paranaense sobre o Inglês Como Meio de Instrução. 133 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá - Pr).
Analyze the assertions below based on the text:
I. Internationalisation only takes place in English-speaking countries.
II. This process can improve the quality of education.
III. Internationalization has been a trend over the last 20 years.
Choose the correct answer:
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