Questões de Inglês para Concurso - Página 355

Ano: 2022 Banca: FEPESE Órgão: IGP-SC Prova: FEPESE - 2022 - IGP-SC - Auxiliar Médico-Legal |

Q1873868 Inglês

Phishing

Imagine that you get an email one morning. It appears to be from your bank. The email warns that someone broke into your account. It says that you need to sign in to check some things. You click the link in the email. It takes you to a site that looks very much like your bank’s. You enter your username and password. You submit the form. You’ve just been phished!

Phishing is a type of attack that happens over the Internet. Users receive an email or text message that seems like it came from a trusted source. These users are being deceived. They are interacting with dangerous hackers. The attackers copy trusted companies. They send users to web pages that look like the ones we use everyday. When users login or provide sensitive information, the attackers steal this data.

Attackers want your data for many reasons. They may use your data to commit identity fraud. This is when they use your identity to buy something with your credit. Then they receive the goods and you receive the bill. Or they may want your password to take over a computer network. They may want access to private emails. They may want customer records. They gain access by tricking people into giving them their login info.

Some phishing attacks are targeted. A targeted phishing attack is called a spear phishing attack. These attacks are dangerous because they are convincing. The attacker may know the target’s name, address, or job title. They may have gathered info from social networks, like the names of friends or family. The attackers may use this personal information to craft a believable email. The target will be tricked into clicking a link. The link will send them to a phony website. This site will look familiar, but it will be a spoofed site built to steal data. Any data that the target submits will go to the hacker.

Phishing attacks are dangerous, but you can spot them if you pay attention. One thing to watch is your address bar in your browser. Attackers use domains that look like the ones that we trust, but they are not the same. For example, in 2016 staffers from Hillary Clinton’s campaign were spear phished. The attackers used the domain accounts-google.com. That domain looks like google.com, but it isn’t the same. When logging into google, you should always do it from google.com. Likewise, when logging into any account, make sure the address matches what you expect. If you are unsure, search for the site and login from the root domain.

An even better way to secure your account against phishing attacks is to use 2FA: two factor authentication. 2FA means that your account is secured with two keys. The first is your password. The second key is a random code that changes every few minutes. This code may be generated by a 2FA app, like Authy. Or it can be sent to your cell phone on request. If you activate 2FA on your accounts, an attacker will not be able to get in even with your password.

Phishing attacks are scary and common. The reason why they are common is that they are effective. Many people accept appearances without suspicion. Browsing the Internet safely requires a healthy amount of suspicion. Not everything is what it appears. Nobody is trying to give you free money. Don’t trust; verify.

What is the difference between a phishing and spear phishing attack?

A

A spare phishing attack is scary and unusual.

B

A spear phishing attack involves theft or identity fraud and phishing does not.

C

A spear phishing attack is targeted while phishing is random.

D

A phishing attack is illegal while spear phishing is legal.

E

A phishing attack is more convincing than a spear phishing attack.

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Q1873867

Ano: 2022 Banca: FEPESE Órgão: IGP-SC Prova: FEPESE - 2022 - IGP-SC - Auxiliar Médico-Legal |

Q1873867 Inglês

Texto associado

Phishing

Imagine that you get an email one morning. It appears to be from your bank. The email warns that someone broke into your account. It says that you need to sign in to check some things. You click the link in the email. It takes you to a site that looks very much like your bank’s. You enter your username and password. You submit the form. You’ve just been phished!

Phishing is a type of attack that happens over the Internet. Users receive an email or text message that seems like it came from a trusted source. These users are being deceived. They are interacting with dangerous hackers. The attackers copy trusted companies. They send users to web pages that look like the ones we use everyday. When users login or provide sensitive information, the attackers steal this data.

Attackers want your data for many reasons. They may use your data to commit identity fraud. This is when they use your identity to buy something with your credit. Then they receive the goods and you receive the bill. Or they may want your password to take over a computer network. They may want access to private emails. They may want customer records. They gain access by tricking people into giving them their login info.

Some phishing attacks are targeted. A targeted phishing attack is called a spear phishing attack. These attacks are dangerous because they are convincing. The attacker may know the target’s name, address, or job title. They may have gathered info from social networks, like the names of friends or family. The attackers may use this personal information to craft a believable email. The target will be tricked into clicking a link. The link will send them to a phony website. This site will look familiar, but it will be a spoofed site built to steal data. Any data that the target submits will go to the hacker.

Phishing attacks are dangerous, but you can spot them if you pay attention. One thing to watch is your address bar in your browser. Attackers use domains that look like the ones that we trust, but they are not the same. For example, in 2016 staffers from Hillary Clinton’s campaign were spear phished. The attackers used the domain accounts-google.com. That domain looks like google.com, but it isn’t the same. When logging into google, you should always do it from google.com. Likewise, when logging into any account, make sure the address matches what you expect. If you are unsure, search for the site and login from the root domain.

An even better way to secure your account against phishing attacks is to use 2FA: two factor authentication. 2FA means that your account is secured with two keys. The first is your password. The second key is a random code that changes every few minutes. This code may be generated by a 2FA app, like Authy. Or it can be sent to your cell phone on request. If you activate 2FA on your accounts, an attacker will not be able to get in even with your password.

Phishing attacks are scary and common. The reason why they are common is that they are effective. Many people accept appearances without suspicion. Browsing the Internet safely requires a healthy amount of suspicion. Not everything is what it appears. Nobody is trying to give you free money. Don’t trust; verify.

Which alternative best describes the main idea of the third paragraph?

A

To steal private communication or records

B

To describe the reasons for phishing attacks

C

To explain how phishing attacks are executed

D

To teach readers how to defend against phishing attacks

E

To compare and contrast phishing and spear phishing

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Q1869417

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869417 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

“I am a bit apprehensive of the temptation of relegating to the background the lofty and creative initiative of Brazil in the sugar cane-based ethanol and other biofuel energy products, the moment the drilling of these huge oil wells in Tupi and its satellite oil wells takes off in earnest, amid challenging circumstances, though. My advice is that while Brazil is joyfully tinkering with the prospect of raking in colossal petro-dollar money, she shouldn’t, by any means, lose sight of the need to consolidate investment in the already standard setting, functional, renewable and clean energy source that is the ethanol. The government should find a perfect mix in due course.”

Enyinnaya wrote
Mar 21st 2009
http://www.economist.com/node/13348824/comments

The author of the comment above expresses concern for the forecast presented in Text II since

A

he fears the high investments in the new oil fields will only take off when Brazil manages to find a perfect partner to drill the huge Tupi wells.

B

he believes Brazil should be investing more in oil extraction facilities to consolidate its rank among the major world oil producers.

C

Brazil is the world’s largest producer of ethanol and should not be worried about probing other offshore sites to increase its oil production.

D

all of the investments in Brazil’s new oil and gas potential should not undermine its endeavors in producing greener fuels.

E

the Tupi wells will not render the petro-dollars needed to continue empirical research on renewable energy sources.

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Q1869416

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869416 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is mentioned in the last paragraph because, according to the author,

A

he will probably have the final say on the changes of the concession laws for the exploration of the new oilrich areas.

B

he intends to put an end to programs of exploratory drilling off the southeastern coast of Brazil.

C

presidential elections will be held next year and current contracts will certainly be modified.

D

it is believed that hydrocarbon developments should only start after his presidential term ends in 2010.

E

it is up to the President to decide which companies are reliable enough to partner with Petrobras for sub-salt production.

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Q1869415

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869415 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

The expression in bold type and the item in brackets are semantically equivalent in

A

“Weak prospects for a significant pick-up in the medium term have raised questions about…” (lines 4-3) – [drop].

B

“The drying up of international financing,” (line 7) – [growth].

C

“The revised plan for 2009-13 is based on an average oil price of US$42/b and calls for investments of around US$174.4bn,” (lines 14-17) – [demands].

D

“private operators sell the oil they produce in exchange for a relatively low government take of between 5% and 10%.” (lines 66-68) – [instead of].

E

“A more dramatic approach under consideration is to turn concession contracts into production-sharing agreements with Petrobras.” (lines 71-73) – [submit…to].

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Q1869414

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869414 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

In paragraph 7 (lines 60-76), among the possible changes to the Brazilian concession laws for the exploration of the deepwater blocks in the subsalt region, the author mentions

A

lowering government taxation on the oil sold by private operators in the Tupi region.

B

replacing concession contracts with production-sharing agreements with international companies.

C

forbidding private companies to operate oil producing plants in the newly discovered fields.

D

forcing Petrobras to pay a participation tax of 10-40% on its production to private companies.

E

increasing taxes only on oil produced from the small fields, according to volume, location, depth and age.

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Q1869413

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869413 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

In “... possible changes to the concession laws that would give Petrobras the upper hand in the development of the Tupi area.” (lines 61-63), the expression “give the upper hand” means

A

show abusive power.

B

have a dominant position.

C

act in skillful manipulation.

D

hold a subordinate standing.

E

force a threatening command.

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Q1869412

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869412 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

The participation of the private sector in the exploration of Brazil’s new oil finds is considered

A

equivocal, as Brasília has decided against limiting the participation of private companies in all oil production.

B

undesirable, since the government will definitely eliminate all concession contracts with foreign companies.

C

troublesome, since the government task force has decided that private operators need not distribute revenues from sub-salt production.

D

unnecessary, due to the concessions to be denied to seven international companies for the development of the sub-salt region.

E

unresolved, because the Brazilian government is still unsure about the degree of participation that private partners should have in this new business.

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Q1869411

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869411 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

The only fragment that DOES NOT refer to an aspect that might represent an obstacle for the progress of the exploration of Brazil’s deep water oil reservoirs is

A

“The drying up of international financing, significantly lower oil prices and the technological and geological challenges (….) make long-term cost calculations difficult.” (lines 7-10).

B

“The revised plan for 2009-13 is based on an average oil price of US$42/b and calls for investments of around US$174.4bn, a 55% increase from the US$112.4bn stated in its 2008-12 investment plan.” (lines 14-18).

C

“The company has raised US$10.5bn of the US$28.6bn it needs. Of the remaining US$18.1bn, it is set to receive US$11.9bn from the Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social” (lines 20-23).

D

“Growing difficulties in accessing international capital markets could scupper these plans or—at the very least—sharply raise the cost of borrowing.” (lines 29-31).

E

“Brazil’s new oil and gas potential has raised doubts about the extent of that openness in the future, as the government debates the preferred degree of private participation.” (lines 48-51).

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Q1869410

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869410 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

“While...” (line 41) and “However,” (line 48) could be correctly replaced with

A

although – therefore.

B

yet – due to the fact that.

C

whereas – for that reason.

D

even though – nevertheless.

E

in the meanwhile - on the other hand.

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Q1869409

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869409 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

Large Brazilian companies are inclined to count on local banks for credit, as explained in paragraph 4 (lines 29-39), due to the

A

current stability of the Brazilian currency in the eurobond market.

B

resistance of international investors to put their money in low-risk projects.

C

incapacity of European financing companies to invest in Latin American markets.

D

high cost of international capital in the current economic scenario for high-risk projects.

E

total impossibility of finding partners to form a consortium of international investors for Brazilian projects.

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Q1869408

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869408 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

According to paragraph 2 (lines 7-18), the overall reason for Petrobras to postpone disclosing its 2009-13 strategic plan was announced to be the

A

significantly lower oil prices.

B

development of the new oil finds.

C

difficult long term cost calculations.

D

drying up of international financing.

E

technological and geological challenges.

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Q1869407

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869407 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text II to answer question.

The question mark in the title “The next oil giant?”, in connection with the arguments exposed in the text, suggests that the author

A

fears the unexpected drop in oil prices resulting from the new oil finds.

B

is uncertain about the profitability of Brazil’s recently discovered oil reserves.

C

refuses to admit that Brazil will definitely emerge as a financially viable country.

D

questions whether Brazil will really become selfsufficient in oil in the near future.

E

criticizes the Brazilian government’s current concession laws for oil exploration by foreign companies.

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Q1869406

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869406 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text I to answer question.

According to Text I, all of the following statements are true about NYK, EXCEPT the fact that the company

A

is looking forward to being the only company serving Petrobras in supplying drill ships for deepsea production.

B

is currently an investor in a project with other Japanese companies to support Petrobras’s oil production.

C

is interested in expanding its business into other kinds of vessels, besides carriers of crude oil and liquefied natural gas.

D

was not as lucrative in 2008-2009 as it had been in past years partly due to the exchange rate of Japanese currency.

E

may face technical and financial obstacles in being a new entrant in the business of leasing floating vessels.

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Q1869405

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869405 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text I to answer question.

The only acronym that does NOT represent a vessel used in oil production is

A

VLCC

B

FPSO

C

FSRU

D

FSO

E

LNG

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Q1869404

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869404 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text I to answer question.

In terms of meaning,

A

“...prompting...” (line 2) and triggering are antonyms.

B

“...due...” (line 22) and scheduled are synonyms.

C

“...ensure...” (line 39) cannot be replaced by guarantee.

D

“...seeking...” (line 47) is similar in meaning to rejecting.

E

“...turn down...” (line 59) is equivalent to take off.

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Q1869403

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869403 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text I to answer question.

The explanation given corresponds to the information in Text I in

A

“...1.1 billion and 2 billion barrels...” (line 12) – amount of oil to be produced in the Santos Basin in a year.

B

“...5,000 meters...” (line 16) – distance between the water surface and the layer of salt.

C

“...maximum 20 years...” (line 23) – total period Petrobras will be allowed to use the drill ship to explore the Brazilian subsalt region.

D

“...Y56 billion...” (line 52) – NYK’s total earnings for the calendar year of 2009.

E

“...fall 2008,” (line 59) – period when the global economy forced NYK to begin to invest in container ships.

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Q1869402

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869402 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text I to answer question.

The phrase ‘roughly down by half from a year earlier.’ (lines 53-54) indicates that

A

NYK’s net earnings had declined to about 50% of the 2008 figures.

B

the earlier the fiscal taxes came in, the rougher NYK’s yearly profit would be.

C

more than half of NYK’s earnings had been raised in comparison to those of the year before.

D

in 2008, due to the rough scenario of the economy, NYK’s profits fell to Y28 billion.

E

in March 2009, NYK’s expected profit amounted to twice of what had been calculated the previous year.

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Q1869401

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869401 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text I to answer question.

In “These include floating production, storage and offloading vessels, …” (lines 48-49), the pronoun ‘these’ refers to

A

“...investment(s)...” (line 45).

B

“...projects...” (line 47).

C

“...ships.” (line 47).

D

“...floating production, storage and offloading vessels,” (lines 48-49).

E

“floating storage and regasification units,” (lines 50-51).

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Q1869400

Ano: 2010 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Petrobras Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2010 - Petrobras - Conhecimentos Básicos - Nível Superior |

Q1869400 Inglês

Texto associado

Consider Text I to answer question.

In the fragment “We will partner with and invest in other companies if we think the project is good.” (lines 43-44), Nagasawa expresses a(n)

A

impossible fact.

B

absolute certainty.

C

unachievable situation.

D

concrete intention.

E

remote possibility.

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A APROVAÇÃO É DE QUEM NÃO ESPERA

A APROVAÇÃO É DE QUEM NÃO ESPERA

Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês

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