Questões de Concurso Sobre sinônimos | synonyms em inglês

Foram encontradas 1.378 questões

Q3309389 Inglês
Text CB1A2


    Spending time in space and having an unrivalled view of planet Earth is an experience many of us dream of, but the human body evolved to function in the gravity of Earth. So fully recovering from spending time in the weightlessness of space can take years.  

    “It’s a fact that space is by far the most extreme environment that humans have ever encountered and we’ve just not evolved to handle the extreme conditions,” Professor Damian Bailey, who studies human physiology, says. To begin with, the heart and blood vessels have an easier time as they no longer have to pump blood against gravity — and they start to weaken. And the bones become weaker and more brittle. There should be a balance between the cells breaking down old bone and those making new, but that balance is disrupted without the feedback and resistance of working against gravity. “Every month, about 1% of bones and muscles are going to wither away — it’s accelerated ageing,” Professor Bailey says. 

    Microgravity also distorts the vestibular system, which is how you balance and sense which way is up. In space, there is no up, down or sideways. It can be disorientating when you go up — and again when you return to Earth.


James Gallagher. What nine months in space does to the human body.
Internet: <bbc.com> (adapted). 
About the vocabulary used in the second paragraph of text CB1A2, it is correct to affirm that “brittle” (third sentence) and ‘wither away’ (last sentence) 
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Q3309009 Inglês
Text 1A4-II


   The pursuit of space exploration represents one of the most captivating undertakings of the human race, serving as a testament to our inherent drive to comprehend the cosmos and our position within it. As humanity expands its reach beyond the confines of Earth, the intricate and essential relationship between technology and law grows increasingly intricate and indispensable.

   The rapid progress of technology has ushered us into an era when endeavours in outer space, previously confined to the realm of science fiction, are now becoming tangible and feasible. The present circumstances require a comprehensive legal structure encompassing the existing range of space endeavours and the flexibility to accommodate dynamic technological advancements. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 set the foundational legal principles governing space exploration activities. However, as humanity continues to explore space and private companies participate alongside sovereign nations, the intersection of technology and law serves as both a catalyst for progress and a cause of disagreement.


Bansi Kaneria; Shivam Pandey. Interplay Between Technology and Law in Space Exploration. In: IOSR Journal of Environmental Science Toxicology and Food Technology, 2024, 18 (03): 31-46 (adapted). 
In the second paragraph of text 1A4-II, the expression “has ushered” 
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Q3309007 Inglês
Text 1A4-II


   The pursuit of space exploration represents one of the most captivating undertakings of the human race, serving as a testament to our inherent drive to comprehend the cosmos and our position within it. As humanity expands its reach beyond the confines of Earth, the intricate and essential relationship between technology and law grows increasingly intricate and indispensable.

   The rapid progress of technology has ushered us into an era when endeavours in outer space, previously confined to the realm of science fiction, are now becoming tangible and feasible. The present circumstances require a comprehensive legal structure encompassing the existing range of space endeavours and the flexibility to accommodate dynamic technological advancements. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 set the foundational legal principles governing space exploration activities. However, as humanity continues to explore space and private companies participate alongside sovereign nations, the intersection of technology and law serves as both a catalyst for progress and a cause of disagreement.


Bansi Kaneria; Shivam Pandey. Interplay Between Technology and Law in Space Exploration. In: IOSR Journal of Environmental Science Toxicology and Food Technology, 2024, 18 (03): 31-46 (adapted). 
The expression “a comprehensive legal structure” (second sentence of the second paragraph) could be correctly replaced, maintaining the original meaning of text 1A4-II, with  
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Q3309005 Inglês
Text 1A4-I


   By the middle years of the 20th century, the optimistic story of limitless progress through scientific and technological advance came to be rivalled and sometimes overshadowed by a much more pessimistic, even apocalyptic vision of the trajectory of the modern project. It began to seem increasingly possible that technology would come to master its creators and carry humanity toward unforeseen and possibly catastrophic outcomes.

   Premonitions of technological wizardry leading to disasters are extremely old, dating back at least to the myth of Icarus, who is said to have fatally fallen into the sea after flying too close to the sun on wings his father, Daedalus, constructed. As the Industrial Revolution gathered steam, dark anticipations became increasingly widespread, in works such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus and Karel Capek’s R.U.R. Perhaps technology, not man, was “in the saddle,” as Henry Adams worried. And perhaps machines, becoming ever more capable and interconnected, were the next step in the evolution of life, destined to dominate and eventually eliminate humanity, as Samuel Butler warned. The contours of the future, H. G. Wells announced in one of his famous lectures, “The Discovery of the Future,” were difficult to discern but would surely be unlike the past or the present, and definitely included disasters of new types and magnitudes.

   In the ghastly world wars, technological advances empowered barbarism on a new scale, destroying the credibility of the simple modernist faith that more potent tools are a straight path to human betterment. Rather, technological advance has produced a cornucopia of double-edged swords, with amplified possibilities for both progress and disaster. A growing herd of horsemen of the anthropogenic apocalypse have ominously appeared on the human horizon of possibility: nuclear weapons, genetic engineering, total surveillance despotism, runaway artificial intelligence, and rampant environmental decay.


Daniel Deudney. Dark Skies: Space Expansionism, Planetary Geopolitics, and the Ends of Humanity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020 (adapted).  
Considering the meaning of the expressions used in text 1A4-I, choose the correct option. 
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Q3299215 Inglês
        In the 1980s, plant genetic resources were considered under international law to be a common heritage of mankind, and were therefore classified as goods that cannot be owned. However, this status was strongly rejected by many emerging countries because it gave pharmaceutical and seed companies (mostly from rich countries) free access to their genetic resources without being required in any way to redistribute a share of their profits.

        These countries scored a victory with the signing of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and the TRIPS agreement in 1995. Genetic resources now come under the control of sovereign countries, and some property rights can be recognized to the indigenous communities on the resources that they have been conserving from generation to generation. States are now required to organize these “collective intellectual property rights” in such a way that any local resource conserved in this manner will generate dividends for these populations when used by multinational firms.

        The now well-known concept of Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) emerged in the second half of the 1990s. Their aim was to organize a biological diversity marketplace capable of enhancing the value of the genetic resources of countries of the South, which cannot refuse access to these resources. In addition, these countries can now claim a share of the profits that may result from their use.

       In short, the change in the status of genetic resources from common heritage of mankind to a good that can be owned under national sovereignty took place in the early 1990s at the request of countries of the South and to their benefit, and the ABS mechanism is a fine example of intellectual property rights set up in the interest of the people of these countries.

         In a general sense, this analysis is fairly accurate and could constitute an argument to be used against those who are of the opinion that the spread of intellectual property rights is an obstacle to the development of the South. However, the issue today is whether the South gained anything by playing this card. In answering this question, it is important to more clearly emphasize the deep connection—often overlooked—between the conservation of genetic resources and their practical use.

Internet:<https://shs.cairn.info/journal>  (adapted). 

Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.


The word “However”, in the second sentence of the last paragraph, can be correctly replaced with Nevertheless, without changing the original meaning of the fragment. 

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Q3289537 Inglês



Image: NASA / JPL


   Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.

   The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds.

   Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.

   The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand.”


— Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot, 1994
The word "delusion" in "delusion of privileged position" could mean:
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Q3280246 Inglês
        Agriculture and fisheries are closely linked to climate, making them vulnerable to changes in temperature, CO2 levels, and extreme weather. While increased temperature and CO2 can enhance some crop yields, this depends on factors like nutrient levels, soil moisture, and water availability. More frequent droughts and floods could challenge food production and safety, while warming waters may shift fish habitats, disrupting ecosystems. Overall, climate change may complicate traditional methods of farming, livestock raising, and fishing.

        Crop responses to temperature changes depend on each crop's optimal growth temperature. Warmer conditions might benefit certain crops or enable the cultivation of new ones, but yields decline if temperatures exceed a crop's threshold. Increased CO2 can enhance plant growth under controlled conditions but may be offset by water, nutrient, and temperature constraints. Additionally, elevated CO2 reduces the protein and nitrogen content in crops like soybeans and alfalfa, lowering their quality and diminishing the forage value for livestock.

        Extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, can harm crops and reduce yields. For example, high nighttime temperatures in 2010 and 2012 lowered U.S. corn yields, while premature budding caused $ 220 million in losses for Michigan cherries in 2012. Rising summer temperatures may also dry soils, complicating drought management. Increased irrigation could help, but reduced water availability might limit its feasibility.

        Climate change also favors weeds, pests, and fungi, which thrive in warmer, wetter conditions with higher CO2 levels. This could expose crops to new threats and increase farming costs. U.S. farmers already spend over $ 11 billion annually on weed control, and these challenges are likely to grow as weed and pest ranges expand.

        While rising CO2 stimulates plant growth, it also lowers the nutritional value of major crops like wheat, rice, and soybeans by reducing their protein and mineral content. This poses a potential risk to human health. Additionally, increased pest pressure may lead to higher pesticide use, further impacting health and reducing pesticide effectiveness. Climate change, therefore, presents multifaceted challenges to food production, nutrition, and ecosystems.

Internet:<climatechange.chicago.gov> (adapted). 

Based on the text above, judge item below.


The word ‘Additionally’, in the last paragraph, can be correctly replaced with Moreover keeping the same meaning.

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Q3276999 Inglês

        Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.


        Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.


        The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.


        To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.

        • Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant

        • Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance

        • Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

        • Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production.


         Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.


        Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.


Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the text above. 


The word “Furthermore” (in the second paragraph) can be correctly replaced with the term Besides that without changing the meaning of the tex.  

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Q3276445 Inglês

TEXT 2


WHAT IS THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH?


In the Communicative Approach, real communication and interaction is not only the objective in learning, but also the means through which it takes place. This approach started in the 70s and became prominent as it proposed an alternative to the then ubiquitous systems-oriented approaches, such as the Audiolingual method. That means that, instead of focusing on the acquisition of grammar and vocabulary (grammatical/linguistic competence), the Communicative Approach aimed at developing the learner’s competence to communicate in the target language (communicative competence), with an enhanced focus on real-life situations.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: https://www.whatiselt.com/single-post/2018/08/23/what-is-thecommunicative-approach

In the excerpt extracted from text 2, which says that the Communicative Approach aimed at developing the learner’s competence to communicate in the target language”, the underlined word (competence) could be INCORRECTLY replaced by:
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Q3235083 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


ELF: English as a lingua franca


    The Vienna Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE), a collection of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) currently under construction, defines lingua franca as an additionally acquired language system that serves as a means of communication for speakers from different speech communities, who use it to communicate with each other but for whom it is not their native language.

    Early findings from the VOICE corpus tentatively identify a number of features which point to systematic lexicogrammatical differences between native-speaker English and ELF, for example dropping the third person present tense ‘s’ (e.g. she wear), omitting definite and indefinite articles, insertion of prepositions (e.g. can we discuss about this issue). These features are not a threat to comprehension, as they involve typical errors that most English teachers would correct and remediate. However, Seidlhofer (2004) points out that they appear to be generally unproblematic and do not cause an obstacle to communicative success in ELF. 

    The work of Jenkins (1996, 2000, 2004, 2005) has also been very influential in relation to the teaching of pronunciation for ELF. Her research finds that a number of items common to most native-speaker varieties of English were not necessary in successful ELF interactions; for example, the substitution of voiceless and voiced th with /t/ or /s/ and /d/ or /z/ (e.g. think became sink or tink, and this became dis or zis). Jenkins argues that such features occur regularly in ELF interactions and do not cause intelligibility problems.

    Problems may arise in the (perhaps unfair) equation between a reduced or ‘stripped down’ ELF syllabus and an impoverished experience of the L2. Indeed, it could be argued that learners of any language always end up producing less than the input they are exposed to, and that if that input itself is deliberately restricted, then even less will be the outcome.


(O’KEEFFE, A., MCCARTHY, M. & CARTER, R. From corpus to classroom. Language Use and Language Teaching. Cambridge, CUP. 2007. Adaptado)
Na frase do segundo parágrafo “These features often involve typical errors that most English teachers would correct and remediate”, a palavra em negrito pode ser corretamente substituída por: 
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Q3221242 Inglês
Mark the alternative that could replace the underlined word “meanwhile” (l. 15) with no significant changes in the meaning of the sentence: 
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Q3220303 Inglês
Read Text II and answer question

TEXT II

Uses of AI in Education

     In May 2023, the U.S. Department of Education released a report titled Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Teaching and Learning: Insights and Recommendations. The department had conducted listening sessions in 2022 with more than 700 people, including educators and parents, to gauge their views on AI. The report noted that “constituents believe that action is required now in order to get ahead of the expected increase of AI in education technology – and they want to roll up their sleeves and start working together.” People expressed anxiety about “future potential risks” with AI but also felt that “AI may enable achieving educational priorities in better ways, at scale, and with lower costs.

    AI could serve – or is already serving – in several teachingand-learning roles, for instance: instructional assistants: AI’s ability to conduct human-like conversations opens up possibilities for adaptive tutoring or instructional assistants that can help explain difficult concepts to students. AI-based feedback systems can offer constructive critiques on student writing, which can help students fine-tune their writing skills. Some research also suggests certain kinds of prompts can help children generate more fruitful questions about learning. AI models might also support customized learning for students with disabilities and provide translation for English language learners; and teaching assistants: AI might tackle some of the administrative tasks that keep teachers from investing more time with their peers or students. Early uses include automated routine tasks such as drafting lesson plans, creating differentiated materials, designing worksheets, developing quizzes, and exploring ways of explaining complicated academic materials. AI can also provide educators with recommendations to meet student needs and help teachers reflect, plan, and improve their practice.

    Along with these potential benefits come some difficult challenges and risks the education community must navigate. For example, both teachers and students face the risk of becoming overly reliant on AI-driven technology. For students, this could stifle learning, especially the development of critical thinking. This challenge extends to educators as well. While AI can expedite lesson-plan generation, speed does not equate to quality. Teachers may be tempted to accept the initial AI-generated content rather than devote time to reviewing and refining it for optimal educational value.

       In light of these challenges, the Department of Education has stressed the importance of keeping “humans in the loop” when using AI, particularly when the output might be used to inform a decision. As the department encouraged in its 2023 report, teachers, learners, and others need to retain their agency. AI cannot “replace a teacher, a guardian, or an education leader as the custodian of their students’ learning,” the report stressed.

Adapted from: https://www.educationnext.org/a-i-in-education-leap-into-new-eramachine-intelligence-carries-risks-challenges-promises/
All the words below are synonyms of “stifle”, EXCEPT:
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Q3220290 Inglês

Read Text I and answer question..


TEXT I


Q41_46.png (356×152)

Source: https://www.gocomics.com/calvinandhobbes

In the second panel, “hunger for” can be replaced, without changing its meaning in the context of the text, by:
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Q3209349 Inglês

Choose the correct synonym for the word in bold:


"The students were thrilled to hear about the upcoming school trip."

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Q3195845 Inglês
2024 first year to pass 1.5C global warming limit

By Mark Poynting, Erwan Rivault and Becky Dale


   Global warming is nearing a critical point, as 2024 became the first calendar year with an average temperature of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, according to The European Copernicus Climate Service.

   While it doesn’t mean the Paris Agreement target of keeping the long-term average below 1.5°C has been breached, it highlights how close we are to exceeding it. The rise in global temperatures is primarily caused by fossil fuel emissions, which continue to increase despite international agreements.

   Climate scientist Ella Gilbert emphasized the devastating effects of global warming, pointing to events like the Los Angeles wildfires and the floods in Valencia. These disasters are a clear example of extreme weather becoming more frequent and dangerous.

   However, she stressed it was not too late to act. Every reduction in emissions and degree of warming can significantly decrease the impact of future disasters. Action must come from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.


Fonte: Adaptado de BBC News. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd7575x8yq5o Acesso em: 15 jan 2025.
No trecho “Climate scientist Ella Gilbert emphasized the devastating effects of global warming,” a palavra "devastating" poderia ser corretamente substituída por qual opção?
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Q3195844 Inglês
2024 first year to pass 1.5C global warming limit

By Mark Poynting, Erwan Rivault and Becky Dale


   Global warming is nearing a critical point, as 2024 became the first calendar year with an average temperature of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, according to The European Copernicus Climate Service.

   While it doesn’t mean the Paris Agreement target of keeping the long-term average below 1.5°C has been breached, it highlights how close we are to exceeding it. The rise in global temperatures is primarily caused by fossil fuel emissions, which continue to increase despite international agreements.

   Climate scientist Ella Gilbert emphasized the devastating effects of global warming, pointing to events like the Los Angeles wildfires and the floods in Valencia. These disasters are a clear example of extreme weather becoming more frequent and dangerous.

   However, she stressed it was not too late to act. Every reduction in emissions and degree of warming can significantly decrease the impact of future disasters. Action must come from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.


Fonte: Adaptado de BBC News. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd7575x8yq5o Acesso em: 15 jan 2025.
No trecho “While it doesn’t mean the Paris Agreement target of keeping the long-term average below 1.5°C has been breached (…)” a palavra "breached" poderia ser corretamente substituída por qual opção?
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Q3175670 Inglês
Instruction: answer question based on the following text. 

Jean-Michel Basquiat 

Lisa S. Wainwright

Captura_de tela 2025-01-30 105528.png (867×654)

(Available in: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Michel-Basquiat – text especially adapted for this test).
All alternatives below could replace the underlined word “lacking” (l. 20) with no significant changes in meaning, EXCEPT for:
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Q3175070 Inglês

A polissemia é uma característica intrínseca das línguas, em que uma mesma palavra pode apresentar múltiplos significados. A identificação do sentido correto de uma palavra depende, portanto, da análise do contexto em que ela está inserida.


Observe a palavra "fine" nas seguintes frases:


"This is a fine example of Renaissance art."


"I feel fine today."


"The library charges a fine for overdue books."


"She has fine blonde hair."


Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a correta correspondência entre a frase e o significado de "fine":

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Q3167855 Inglês

Read the lyrics carefully and answer the following questions:

Like a Rolling Stone (Bob Dylan)




In the phrase “Now you don't talk so loud” the antonym of the word “loud” is:
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Q3167527 Inglês


Available at: https://www.gocomics.com/calvinandhobbes/2016/02/22

In the second panel of the image, within the context of the comic strip, the expression "that lost its amateur status" can be replaced, without altering its meaning, by: 
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Respostas
1: B
2: C
3: D
4: E
5: C
6: E
7: C
8: C
9: E
10: A
11: E
12: C
13: E
14: C
15: B
16: B
17: A
18: C
19: C
20: B