Questões de Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary para Concurso

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Q2323327
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: Transpetro Provas: CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Eletricista | CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Condutor Mecânico | CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Condutor Bombeador (CMD - BBD) |
Q2323327 Inglês
Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry


1           The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly. Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:

2       1. Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.

3       2. Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually, accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum, it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.

4    3. Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a common sight in the world’s oceans.

5      4. Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry. Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as documentation and billing.

6      5. Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.

7      6. Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.

8    Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods around the world. 


Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
In the fragment in the fourth paragraph of the text “While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a common sight in the world’s oceans”, the word they refers to
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Q2316206
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV Órgão: Câmara dos Deputados Prova: FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Consultor Legislativo - Área I - Manhã |
Q2316206 Inglês

Read Text II and answer the question that follows.



Text II



      June 15, 2023 - Debates over Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) efforts are currently thriving, including debates over the degree to which corporate diversity efforts are valuable, whether chief diversity officers can succeed, and whether corporate diversity commitments can produce lasting change.



      Over the past year, at least a dozen U.S. state legislatures have proposed or passed laws targeting DEI efforts, including laws aimed at limiting DEI roles and efforts in businesses and higher education and laws eliminating DEI spending, trainings, and statements at public institutions. Moreover, with the U.S. Supreme Court poised to address affirmative action in two cases involving the consideration of race in higher education admissions this summer, debates in the U.S. regarding DEI initiatives are likely far from over.



      At the same time, DEI-related legal requirements continue to grow in other jurisdictions, and with global financial institutions facing expanding environmental, social, and governance (ESG)- related trends and regulations in the EU and other jurisdictions, as well as global expectations regarding their role in ESG, including DEI-related corporate developments and initiatives, these matters are likely to continue to work their way into capital allocations and the costs of doing business, as well as into the expectations of certain stakeholders.



      This widening gap between global expectations and regulation regarding DEI-related matters and the concerns of some constituents in the U.S. over the role of DEI in corporate decision-making is likely to continue growing for the foreseeable future, putting companies between the proverbial rock and hard place.



      What these developments make clear is that corporate DEI efforts are, and likely have been for some time, riskier than many companies may initially appreciate. And the risks associated with DEI initiatives are only positioned to grow and expand as companies look to thread the DEI needle and make a broader and potentially more divergent set of stakeholders happy, or at least less annoyed, with their DEI-related commitments and initiatives. In this article, we discuss the top four legal risks that companies often fail to address in their DEI efforts.



[…]



(From https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/diversity-matters-four-scarylegal-risks-hiding-your-dei-program-2023-06-15/)

The sentence “Putting companies between the proverbial rock and hard place” (4th paragraph) indicates that the companies may be in a
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Q2298734
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CONSULPAM Órgão: Prefeitura de Araraquara - SP Prova: CONSULPAM - 2023 - Prefeitura de Araraquara - SP - Professor II - Inglês |
Q2298734 Inglês
Choose the option in which the idiomatic expression is INCORRECTLY explained. 
Alternativas
Q2291637
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV Órgão: SEE-MG Prova: FGV - 2023 - SEE-MG - Professor de Educação Básica (PEB) - Língua Inglesa |
Q2291637 Inglês
READ TEXT I AND ANSWER QUESTION

Text I

English Language Learning In Brazil

        According to the BNCC1 , learning English enables students to engage and participate in a globalized and pluralistic world. It allows students to develop a critical mindset and exercise their citizenship rights while expanding the possibilities of interaction and mobility. In this sense, the BNCC outlines three critical implications for the English curriculum. The first is the globalized nature of English, in which the concepts of language, territory and culture are reconsidered since English speakers are no longer found only in countries where English is the official language. The second implication concerns broadening the definition of literacy, bringing the concept of “multi-literacies” to the Brazilian curriculum as students expand their linguistic knowledge, and English becomes a symbolic asset for Brazilians to express themselves in a different language. Finally, the third implication concerns different teaching approaches, which implies embracing the culture and traditions of the language, not only the formal grammatical standards, breaking with aspects related to “correctness”, “accuracy”, and “proficiency”.

        […]

        Even in a challenging context, it is clear that Brazil has made significant progress by approving a new and flexible curriculum for upper secondary schools and putting English mandatory in the standard part of the curriculum. However, major efforts are still required to ensure the smooth implementation of this reform, which the pandemic and the difficulties in coordination across the national and subnational levels have already hindered. 

1BNCC: Base Nacional Comum Curricular

Adapted from: https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/english-language-learning-inbrazil/

 
In the excerpt “since English speakers are no longer found” (1st paragraph), “since” is used to
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Q2281249
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TBG Provas: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Auditoria e Compliance | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Contábil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Comercialização | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Inspeção | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Ênfase: Desenvolvimento de Software | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão, Comunicação | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras, Elétrica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Manutenção, Mecânica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Operações | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão, Meio Ambiente | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro de Segurança Júnior | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras, Civil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Integridade de Dutos | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Manutenção |
Q2281249 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


Graduate students are people studying for a master’s degree or doctorate.

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Respostas
26: E
27: D
28: D
29: A
30: C
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