Questões de Concurso Público SME do Recife - PE 2023 para Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

Foram encontradas 120 questões

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Q2214975
Inglês Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214975 Inglês
Text 7A1

     Artificial intelligence still has difficulties processing requests in one language, without the additional complications of translation. Michael Housman, chief data science officer at RapportBoost.AI, explained that the ideal scenario for machine learning and artificial intelligence is something with fixed rules and a clear-cut measure of success or failure. He named chess as an obvious example. This happened faster than anyone anticipated because of the game’s very clear rules and limited set of moves. Housman elaborated, “Language is almost the opposite of that. There aren’t as clearly-cut and defined rules.”
      I asked Dr. Jorge Majfud, Associate Professor of Spanish, at Jacksonville University, to explain why consistently accurate language translation has thus far eluded AI. He replied, “The problem is that considering the ‘entire’ sentence is still not enough.” He noted that sarcasm and irony only make sense within this widened context. Similarly, idioms can be problematic for automated translations.
       Dr. Majfud warned, “We should be aware of the fragility of their ‘interpretation.’ Because to translate is basically to interpret, not just an idea but a feeling. Human feelings and ideas that only humans can understand — and sometimes not even we, humans, understand other humans.” He noted that cultures, gender, and even age can pose barriers to this understanding and also contended that an over-reliance on technology is leading to our cultural and political decline. Dr. Majfud mentioned that Argentinean writer Julio Cortázar used to refer to dictionaries as “cemeteries”. He suggested that automatic translators could be called “zombies”.

David Pring-Mill. Why Hasn’t AI Mastered Language Translation? Internet:<singularityhub.com>  (adapted).

Considering information from text 7A1, judge the following item.


In “He noted that sarcasm and irony only make sense within this widened context”, the adjective “widened” is synonymous with expanded.

Alternativas
Q2214976
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214976 Inglês

Concerning the concepts of skimming and scanning, judge the following item.


To find numbers or dates quickly in a text, we may use the scanning method.

Alternativas
Q2214977
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214977 Inglês

Concerning the concepts of skimming and scanning, judge the following item.


Reviewing is one of the applications of the scanning method.


Alternativas
Q2214978
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214978 Inglês

Concerning the concepts of skimming and scanning, judge the following item.


Looking up the meaning of a word in the dictionary is an example of scanning. 


Alternativas
Q2214979
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214979 Inglês

Concerning the concepts of skimming and scanning, judge the following item.


It is important to read the summary of an article to stablish an adequate scanning process.  


Alternativas
Q2214980
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214980 Inglês
    Vale destacar que, no centro de uma pedagogia crítica da linguagem, está a crença de que o objetivo é a conscientização dos alunos tanto da forma como eles existem no mundo quanto do fato de que esse mundo não é estático, mas está em constante transformação, cabendo a eles serem seus protagonistas e agentes transformadores.
     Face a esse deslocamento da concepção de língua como instrumento para a de língua como forma/lugar de interação social, bem como de uma abordagem neutra e instrumental para uma abordagem crítica da língua/linguagem, os desafios postos ao professor não possibilitam respostas fáceis nem receitas prontas ou infalíveis.
        Indubitavelmente, as recentes orientações curriculares sustentam a revisão e reelaboração de um currículo escolar que tem se mostrado estéril. Parece cada vez mais evidente que a educação linguística na língua inglesa, necessária à sociedade brasileira contemporânea, inclui desenvolvimento de letramento em discursos multimodais (multiletramentos), percepção crítica do papel da lingua(gem) nas diversas práticas sociais, além de capacidade de operar em situações interculturais cada vez mais frequentes. A abordagem crítica da lingua(gem) parece devidamente talhada para lidar com silêncio, dúvida, contradição, incerteza, desestabililização de certezas, desnaturalização do lugar comum. O objetivo não é formar alunos colonizados, mas sim questionadores, críticos e agentes transformadores da realidade que os cerca, marcada por desigualdades, violência e injustiças sociais, preconceito, baixa autoestima etc.

Maura Regina Dourado. Tendências atuais no ensino de língua inglesa e implicações para formação de professores. In: Ariús – Revista de Ciências Humanas e Artes, v. 13, n. 2, jul./dez., 2007 (com adaptações). 
No que concerne ao ensino de língua estrangeira e ao conceito de língua, julgue o item a seguir, considerando o texto precedente.
A prática linguística no contexto da língua escrita deve permanecer como foco de ensino.
Alternativas
Q2214981
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214981 Inglês
    Vale destacar que, no centro de uma pedagogia crítica da linguagem, está a crença de que o objetivo é a conscientização dos alunos tanto da forma como eles existem no mundo quanto do fato de que esse mundo não é estático, mas está em constante transformação, cabendo a eles serem seus protagonistas e agentes transformadores.
     Face a esse deslocamento da concepção de língua como instrumento para a de língua como forma/lugar de interação social, bem como de uma abordagem neutra e instrumental para uma abordagem crítica da língua/linguagem, os desafios postos ao professor não possibilitam respostas fáceis nem receitas prontas ou infalíveis.
        Indubitavelmente, as recentes orientações curriculares sustentam a revisão e reelaboração de um currículo escolar que tem se mostrado estéril. Parece cada vez mais evidente que a educação linguística na língua inglesa, necessária à sociedade brasileira contemporânea, inclui desenvolvimento de letramento em discursos multimodais (multiletramentos), percepção crítica do papel da lingua(gem) nas diversas práticas sociais, além de capacidade de operar em situações interculturais cada vez mais frequentes. A abordagem crítica da lingua(gem) parece devidamente talhada para lidar com silêncio, dúvida, contradição, incerteza, desestabililização de certezas, desnaturalização do lugar comum. O objetivo não é formar alunos colonizados, mas sim questionadores, críticos e agentes transformadores da realidade que os cerca, marcada por desigualdades, violência e injustiças sociais, preconceito, baixa autoestima etc.

Maura Regina Dourado. Tendências atuais no ensino de língua inglesa e implicações para formação de professores. In: Ariús – Revista de Ciências Humanas e Artes, v. 13, n. 2, jul./dez., 2007 (com adaptações). 
No que concerne ao ensino de língua estrangeira e ao conceito de língua, julgue o item a seguir, considerando o texto precedente.
Em sala de aula, é importante incentivar a busca pela fluência em uma variante padrão específica.
Alternativas
Q2214982
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214982 Inglês
    Vale destacar que, no centro de uma pedagogia crítica da linguagem, está a crença de que o objetivo é a conscientização dos alunos tanto da forma como eles existem no mundo quanto do fato de que esse mundo não é estático, mas está em constante transformação, cabendo a eles serem seus protagonistas e agentes transformadores.
     Face a esse deslocamento da concepção de língua como instrumento para a de língua como forma/lugar de interação social, bem como de uma abordagem neutra e instrumental para uma abordagem crítica da língua/linguagem, os desafios postos ao professor não possibilitam respostas fáceis nem receitas prontas ou infalíveis.
        Indubitavelmente, as recentes orientações curriculares sustentam a revisão e reelaboração de um currículo escolar que tem se mostrado estéril. Parece cada vez mais evidente que a educação linguística na língua inglesa, necessária à sociedade brasileira contemporânea, inclui desenvolvimento de letramento em discursos multimodais (multiletramentos), percepção crítica do papel da lingua(gem) nas diversas práticas sociais, além de capacidade de operar em situações interculturais cada vez mais frequentes. A abordagem crítica da lingua(gem) parece devidamente talhada para lidar com silêncio, dúvida, contradição, incerteza, desestabililização de certezas, desnaturalização do lugar comum. O objetivo não é formar alunos colonizados, mas sim questionadores, críticos e agentes transformadores da realidade que os cerca, marcada por desigualdades, violência e injustiças sociais, preconceito, baixa autoestima etc.

Maura Regina Dourado. Tendências atuais no ensino de língua inglesa e implicações para formação de professores. In: Ariús – Revista de Ciências Humanas e Artes, v. 13, n. 2, jul./dez., 2007 (com adaptações). 
No que concerne ao ensino de língua estrangeira e ao conceito de língua, julgue o item a seguir, considerando o texto precedente.
O sentido de vocábulos estudados e aprendidos em língua inglesa deve ser negociado de forma dinâmica e contextualizada.
Alternativas
Q2214983
Português Interpretação de Textos , Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214983 Português
    Vale destacar que, no centro de uma pedagogia crítica da linguagem, está a crença de que o objetivo é a conscientização dos alunos tanto da forma como eles existem no mundo quanto do fato de que esse mundo não é estático, mas está em constante transformação, cabendo a eles serem seus protagonistas e agentes transformadores.
     Face a esse deslocamento da concepção de língua como instrumento para a de língua como forma/lugar de interação social, bem como de uma abordagem neutra e instrumental para uma abordagem crítica da língua/linguagem, os desafios postos ao professor não possibilitam respostas fáceis nem receitas prontas ou infalíveis.
        Indubitavelmente, as recentes orientações curriculares sustentam a revisão e reelaboração de um currículo escolar que tem se mostrado estéril. Parece cada vez mais evidente que a educação linguística na língua inglesa, necessária à sociedade brasileira contemporânea, inclui desenvolvimento de letramento em discursos multimodais (multiletramentos), percepção crítica do papel da lingua(gem) nas diversas práticas sociais, além de capacidade de operar em situações interculturais cada vez mais frequentes. A abordagem crítica da lingua(gem) parece devidamente talhada para lidar com silêncio, dúvida, contradição, incerteza, desestabililização de certezas, desnaturalização do lugar comum. O objetivo não é formar alunos colonizados, mas sim questionadores, críticos e agentes transformadores da realidade que os cerca, marcada por desigualdades, violência e injustiças sociais, preconceito, baixa autoestima etc.

Maura Regina Dourado. Tendências atuais no ensino de língua inglesa e implicações para formação de professores. In: Ariús – Revista de Ciências Humanas e Artes, v. 13, n. 2, jul./dez., 2007 (com adaptações). 
No que concerne ao ensino de língua estrangeira e ao conceito de língua, julgue o item a seguir, considerando o texto precedente.
Os estudantes devem ser incentivados a expressar suas próprias realidades em língua inglesa.
Alternativas
Q2214984
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214984 Inglês

Based on the precedent comic strip, judge the following item.


The man enjoyed his date very much. 

Alternativas
Q2214985
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214985 Inglês

Based on the precedent comic strip, judge the following item.


The slide presentation he watched was too realistic for him.

Alternativas
Q2214986
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214986 Inglês

Based on the precedent comic strip, judge the following item.


The man wished he had not eaten ravioli.


Alternativas
Q2214987
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214987 Inglês

Based on the precedent comic strip, judge the following item.


The cat’s only comment is very sarcastic.


Alternativas
Q2214988
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214988 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item, related to text 7A2 and its subject.


It is correct to infer that languages in general work the same way because they are structures. 

Alternativas
Q2214989
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214989 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item, related to text 7A2 and its subject.


Differences among languages do not allow them to be hierarchically classified according to decontextualized criteria.  


Alternativas
Q2214990
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214990 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item, related to text 7A2 and its subject.


It would be correct to infer from the text that fishing and beer production are of great concern both for the Agta people and for the inhabitants of Munich.


Alternativas
Q2214991
Inglês Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214991 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item concerning text 7A2.


Because of the complex structures of the first sentence of the text, it would be enough to replace the question mark with a full stop at the end of such sentence to make it into a statement.

Alternativas
Q2214992
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214992 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item concerning text 7A2.


The conjunction “though”, in the third sentence of the second paragraph, indicates that the fact that languages are potentially equal is somewhat surprising or unexpected when compared to the information that only certain languages have adapted to the needs of a ‘complex industrial civilization’.


Alternativas
Q2214993
Inglês Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214993 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item concerning text 7A2.


In “play no part in their culture?”, the word “part” could be replaced by role or act without any change in the meaning of the sentence. 

Alternativas
Q2214994
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: SME do Recife - PE Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - SME do Recife - PE - Professor II - Disciplina: Língua Inglesa |
Q2214994 Inglês
Text 7A2

         When it comes to the vocabulary of languages, is it true, as some suppose, that the vocabularies of so-called primitive languages are too small and inadequate to account for the nuances of the physical and social universes of their speakers? The answer is somewhat complicated. Because the vocabulary of a language serves only the members of the society who speak it, the question to be asked should be: Is a particular vocabulary sufficient to serve the sociocultural needs of those who use the language? When put like this, it follows that the language associated with a relatively simple culture would have a smaller vocabulary than the language of a complex society. Why, for example, should the Inuit people (often known by the pejorative term “Eskimo”) have words for chlorofluoromethane, dune buggy, or tae kwon do when these substances, objects, and concepts play no part in their culture? By the same token, however, the language of a tribal society would have elaborate lexical domains for prominent aspects of the culture although these do not exist in complex societies. The Agta of the Philippines, for example, are reported to have no fewer than thirty-one verbs referring to types of fishing, while in Munich, the terminology for the local varieties of beer is quite extensive, according to strength, color, fizziness, aging, and clarity, the full list exceeding seventy terms.
        However, even though no language spoken today may be labeled primitive, this does not mean that all languages do all things in the same way, or are equally influential in the modern transnational world. The linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes claims that languages are not functionally equivalent because the role of speech varies from one society to the next. According to Hymes, though all languages “are potentially equal and hence capable of adaptation to the needs of a complex industrial civilization”, only certain languages have actually done so (Hymes 1961:77). These languages are more successful than others not because they are structurally more advanced, but because they happen to be associated with societies in which language is the basis of literature, education, science, and commerce.

Zdenek SALZMANN, James M. STANLAW and Nobuko ADACHI. Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 2012. p. 6-7 (adapted).  

Judge the following item concerning text 7A2.


In the last sentence of the first paragraph, using “are reported”, the author means that the Agta people themselves have studied their vocabulary on fishing.


Alternativas
Respostas
61: C
62: C
63: E
64: C
65: E
66: E
67: E
68: C
69: C
70: E
71: C
72: E
73: C
74: E
75: C
76: E
77: E
78: C
79: E
80: E
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