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Real-time
A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their quick and predictable response to events. They have an event-driven or time-sharing design and often aspects of both. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.
Multi-user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer system at the same time. Time-sharing systems and Internet servers can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable multiple-user access to a computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems have only one user but may allow multiple programs to run at the same time.
Multi-tasking vs. single-tasking
A multi-tasking operating system allows more than one program to be running at the same time, from the point of view of human time scales. A single-tasking system has only one running program. Multi-tasking can be of two types: pre-emptive and co-operative. In pre-emptive multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive multitasking, as does AmigaOS. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner. 16-bit versions of Microsoft Windows used cooperative multi-tasking. 32-bit versions of both Windows NT and Win9x, used pre-emptive multi-tasking. Mac OS prior to OS X used to support cooperative multitasking.
Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that could be linked and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system.
Embedded
Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems.
Internet: http://en.wikipedia.org (adapted)
In an event-driven system, the switching between tasks is triggered by clock interrupts, and the duration of each time slice is always the same.
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A alternativa correta é Errado (E).
Vamos entender melhor o tema da questão e os detalhes que você deve observar para respondê-la corretamente.
A questão aborda o funcionamento dos sistemas operacionais baseados em eventos e faz uma afirmação sobre como eles gerenciam a troca de tarefas.
Para resolver a questão, é fundamental entender os conceitos de sistemas operacionais event-driven e time-sharing fornecidos no texto de referência.
No texto, é dito que um sistema baseado em eventos (event-driven) alterna entre tarefas com base em suas prioridades ou em eventos externos. Isso significa que a troca de tarefas é desencadeada por eventos específicos, não por interrupções de clock.
Então, a afirmação "In an event-driven system, the switching between tasks is triggered by clock interrupts" está incorreta, pois a alternância é feita com base em eventos ou prioridades, não em interrupções de clock.
Em contraste, sistemas time-sharing (compartilhamento de tempo) utilizam interrupções de clock para alternar entre tarefas, dividindo o tempo do processador em "fatias" de tempo, como descrito no texto.
A segunda parte da afirmação diz que "the duration of each time slice is always the same". Mesmo que isso fosse verdade no contexto de sistemas time-sharing, não se aplica aos sistemas event-driven mencionados na questão.
Portanto, a alternativa correta é Errado (E), pois a questão faz uma descrição incorreta sobre o mecanismo de troca de tarefas em um sistema operacional baseado em eventos.
Para concluir, lembre-se sempre de diferenciar entre os sistemas event-driven e time-sharing ao responder perguntas sobre sistemas operacionais, especialmente no que diz respeito aos gatilhos para troca de tarefas.
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Event-driven a troca de tarefas ocorre por prioridade ou evento externo como o texto diz e não por interrupção de clock como afirma a questão.
An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.
e-
An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.
EVent-driven switches are ever ready on the regular, unapologetically. they'd rather be always rearing to start up a process than being held hostage to clock interrupts.
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