From the sentence “City lawmakers in Brazil have enacted wha...

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Q2347994
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: Instituto Access Órgão: Prefeitura de Passos - MG Prova: Instituto Access - 2023 - Prefeitura de Passos - MG - PEB - Língua Inglesa |
Q2347994 Inglês
11.30.2023

City lawmakers in Brazil have enacted what appears to be the nation’s first legislation written entirely by artificial intelligence (AI) — even if they didn’t know it at the time.

The experimental ordinance was passed in October in the southern city of Porto Alegre and city councilman Ramiro Rosário revealed that it was written by a chatbot, sparking objections and raising questions about the role of artificial intelligence in public policy.

Rosário told The Associated Press that he asked OpenAI’s chatbot ChatGPT to craft a proposal to prevent the city from charging taxpayers to replace water consumption meters if they are stolen. He then presented it to his 35 peers on the council without making a single change or even letting them know about its unprecedented origin. The 36-member council approved it unanimously and the ordinance went into effect on Nov. 23.

The arrival of ChatGPT on the marketplace just a year ago has sparked a global debate on the impacts of potentially revolutionary AI-powered chatbots. While some see it as a promising tool, it has also caused concerns and anxiety about the unintended or undesired impacts of a machine handling tasks currently performed by humans.

Porto Alegre, with a population of 1.3 million, is the second-largest city in Brazil’s south. The city’s council president, Hamilton Sossmeier, found out that Rosário had enlisted ChatGPT to write the proposal when the councilman bragged about the achievement on social media. Sossmeier initially told local media he thought it was a “dangerous precedent.”

The AI large language models that power chatbots like ChatGPT work by repeatedly trying to guess the next word in a sentence and are prone to making up false information, a phenomenon sometimes called hallucination.

All chatbots sometimes introduce false information when summarizing a document, ranging from about 3% of the time for the most advanced GPT model to a rate of about 27% for one of Google’s models, according to recently published research by the tech company Vectara.

In an article published on the website of Harvard Law School’s Center of Legal Profession earlier this year, Andrew Perlman, wrote that ChatGPT “is a machine learning system, it may not have the same level of understanding and judgment as a human lawyer when it comes to interpreting legal principles and precedent. This could lead to problems in situations where a more in-depth legal analysis is required”.

There was no such transparency for Rosário’s proposal in Porto Alegre. Sossmeier said Rosário did not inform fellow council members that ChatGPT had written the proposal.

Rosário told the AP his objective was also to spark a debate. He said he entered a 49-word prompt into ChatGPT and it returned the full draft proposal within seconds, including justifications.

And the council president, who initially decried the method, already appears to have been swayed. “I changed my mind,” Sossmeier said. “I started to read more in depth and saw that, unfortunately or fortunately, this is going to be a trend.”


( (<https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/brazil-artificial-intelligenceporto-alegre/9f576ecc-8fb2-11ee-95e1-edd75d825df0_story.htm>(adapted))
From the sentence “City lawmakers in Brazil have enacted what appears to be the nation’s first legislation written entirely by artificial intelligence (AI) — even if they didn’t know it at the time”, it is possible to infer that
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Alternativa correta: A - there was no transparency at the beginning of the legislative process.

Vamos analisar esta questão com atenção. O tema central dela é a utilização de inteligência artificial (IA) na criação de legislações e a transparência envolvida nesse processo.

A alternativa correta é a A, pois o texto deixa claro que os legisladores não foram informados que a proposta foi elaborada por um chatbot. O trecho "even if they didn’t know it at the time" evidencia que a origem da proposta não foi revelada inicialmente, mostrando falta de transparência no começo do processo legislativo.

Agora, vamos entender por que as outras alternativas estão incorretas:

B - the entire population already knew that artificial intelligence created the legislation.

Essa alternativa está incorreta porque o texto menciona claramente que nem mesmo os legisladores sabiam da origem da proposta, quanto mais a população em geral. O trecho "even if they didn’t know it at the time" reforça que a criação da legislação por IA não era de conhecimento público inicialmente.

C - the council chose to have the first legislation created by artificial intelligence.

Essa alternativa está incorreta porque o conselho não fez uma escolha consciente de utilizar a IA para criar a legislação. O texto aponta que Ramiro Rosário usou o ChatGPT sem informar seus colegas: "He then presented it to his 35 peers on the council without making a single change or even letting them know about its unprecedented origin."

D - the council refused to vote on the first legislation created by artificial intelligence.

Essa alternativa está incorreta porque, na verdade, o conselho aprovou a proposta de forma unânime, conforme descrito na frase: "The 36-member council approved it unanimously and the ordinance went into effect on Nov. 23." Portanto, não houve uma recusa em votar na legislação criada pela IA.

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