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Q2347995
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Ano: 2023 Banca: Instituto Access Órgão: Prefeitura de Passos - MG Prova: Instituto Access - 2023 - Prefeitura de Passos - MG - PEB - Língua Inglesa |
Q2347995 Inglês
11.30.2023

City lawmakers in Brazil have enacted what appears to be the nation’s first legislation written entirely by artificial intelligence (AI) — even if they didn’t know it at the time.

The experimental ordinance was passed in October in the southern city of Porto Alegre and city councilman Ramiro Rosário revealed that it was written by a chatbot, sparking objections and raising questions about the role of artificial intelligence in public policy.

Rosário told The Associated Press that he asked OpenAI’s chatbot ChatGPT to craft a proposal to prevent the city from charging taxpayers to replace water consumption meters if they are stolen. He then presented it to his 35 peers on the council without making a single change or even letting them know about its unprecedented origin. The 36-member council approved it unanimously and the ordinance went into effect on Nov. 23.

The arrival of ChatGPT on the marketplace just a year ago has sparked a global debate on the impacts of potentially revolutionary AI-powered chatbots. While some see it as a promising tool, it has also caused concerns and anxiety about the unintended or undesired impacts of a machine handling tasks currently performed by humans.

Porto Alegre, with a population of 1.3 million, is the second-largest city in Brazil’s south. The city’s council president, Hamilton Sossmeier, found out that Rosário had enlisted ChatGPT to write the proposal when the councilman bragged about the achievement on social media. Sossmeier initially told local media he thought it was a “dangerous precedent.”

The AI large language models that power chatbots like ChatGPT work by repeatedly trying to guess the next word in a sentence and are prone to making up false information, a phenomenon sometimes called hallucination.

All chatbots sometimes introduce false information when summarizing a document, ranging from about 3% of the time for the most advanced GPT model to a rate of about 27% for one of Google’s models, according to recently published research by the tech company Vectara.

In an article published on the website of Harvard Law School’s Center of Legal Profession earlier this year, Andrew Perlman, wrote that ChatGPT “is a machine learning system, it may not have the same level of understanding and judgment as a human lawyer when it comes to interpreting legal principles and precedent. This could lead to problems in situations where a more in-depth legal analysis is required”.

There was no such transparency for Rosário’s proposal in Porto Alegre. Sossmeier said Rosário did not inform fellow council members that ChatGPT had written the proposal.

Rosário told the AP his objective was also to spark a debate. He said he entered a 49-word prompt into ChatGPT and it returned the full draft proposal within seconds, including justifications.

And the council president, who initially decried the method, already appears to have been swayed. “I changed my mind,” Sossmeier said. “I started to read more in depth and saw that, unfortunately or fortunately, this is going to be a trend.”


( (<https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/brazil-artificial-intelligenceporto-alegre/9f576ecc-8fb2-11ee-95e1-edd75d825df0_story.htm>(adapted))
In “The experimental ordinance was passed in October in the southern city of Porto Alegre and city councilman Ramiro Rosário revealed that it was written by a chatbot, sparking objections and raising questions about the role of artificial intelligence in public policy”, the pronoun “it” refers to
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A alternativa correta é a B – the experimental ordinance.

Vamos entender melhor a questão:

A questão pede para identificarmos o referente do pronome “it” na frase: “The experimental ordinance was passed in October in the southern city of Porto Alegre and city councilman Ramiro Rosário revealed that it was written by a chatbot, sparking objections and raising questions about the role of artificial intelligence in public policy”.

Para resolver essa questão, é necessário compreender a função dos pronomes, que servem para substituir substantivos mencionados anteriormente no texto a fim de evitar repetições. Aqui, o pronome “it” substitui um substantivo singular, neutro.

Analisando a frase:

The experimental ordinance (o objeto da frase) was passed in October in the southern city of Porto Alegre and city councilman Ramiro Rosário revealed that it (a ordenança experimental) was written by a chatbot...

Fica claro que "it" refere-se a "the experimental ordinance". Portanto, a alternativa B está correta.

Agora, vamos analisar as alternativas incorretas:

A - chatbot: Esta alternativa está incorreta porque o chatbot é o agente que escreveu a ordenança. A frase diz que a ordenança foi escrita por um chatbot, mas o pronome “it” não se refere ao chatbot.

C - the southern city of Porto Alegre: Esta alternativa está incorreta porque o pronome “it” está substituindo um substantivo singular que seja a ordenança, não uma cidade. Porto Alegre é mencionada como o local onde a ordenança foi aprovada, mas não é o referente do pronome.

D - city councilman Ramiro Rosário: Esta alternativa está incorreta porque Ramiro Rosário é uma pessoa, e o pronome “it” não substitui pessoas, mas sim objetos ou ideias específicas. Além disso, Ramiro Rosário é mencionado como quem revelou a origem da ordenança, não como o objeto que o pronome “it” está substituindo.

Assim, a única alternativa que faz sentido dentro do contexto da frase é a B - the experimental ordinance.

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