Choose the best alternative: “The 36-member council approved...

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Q2348001
Inglês Tag questions ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: Instituto Access Órgão: Prefeitura de Passos - MG Prova: Instituto Access - 2023 - Prefeitura de Passos - MG - PEB - Língua Inglesa |
Q2348001 Inglês
11.30.2023

City lawmakers in Brazil have enacted what appears to be the nation’s first legislation written entirely by artificial intelligence (AI) — even if they didn’t know it at the time.

The experimental ordinance was passed in October in the southern city of Porto Alegre and city councilman Ramiro Rosário revealed that it was written by a chatbot, sparking objections and raising questions about the role of artificial intelligence in public policy.

Rosário told The Associated Press that he asked OpenAI’s chatbot ChatGPT to craft a proposal to prevent the city from charging taxpayers to replace water consumption meters if they are stolen. He then presented it to his 35 peers on the council without making a single change or even letting them know about its unprecedented origin. The 36-member council approved it unanimously and the ordinance went into effect on Nov. 23.

The arrival of ChatGPT on the marketplace just a year ago has sparked a global debate on the impacts of potentially revolutionary AI-powered chatbots. While some see it as a promising tool, it has also caused concerns and anxiety about the unintended or undesired impacts of a machine handling tasks currently performed by humans.

Porto Alegre, with a population of 1.3 million, is the second-largest city in Brazil’s south. The city’s council president, Hamilton Sossmeier, found out that Rosário had enlisted ChatGPT to write the proposal when the councilman bragged about the achievement on social media. Sossmeier initially told local media he thought it was a “dangerous precedent.”

The AI large language models that power chatbots like ChatGPT work by repeatedly trying to guess the next word in a sentence and are prone to making up false information, a phenomenon sometimes called hallucination.

All chatbots sometimes introduce false information when summarizing a document, ranging from about 3% of the time for the most advanced GPT model to a rate of about 27% for one of Google’s models, according to recently published research by the tech company Vectara.

In an article published on the website of Harvard Law School’s Center of Legal Profession earlier this year, Andrew Perlman, wrote that ChatGPT “is a machine learning system, it may not have the same level of understanding and judgment as a human lawyer when it comes to interpreting legal principles and precedent. This could lead to problems in situations where a more in-depth legal analysis is required”.

There was no such transparency for Rosário’s proposal in Porto Alegre. Sossmeier said Rosário did not inform fellow council members that ChatGPT had written the proposal.

Rosário told the AP his objective was also to spark a debate. He said he entered a 49-word prompt into ChatGPT and it returned the full draft proposal within seconds, including justifications.

And the council president, who initially decried the method, already appears to have been swayed. “I changed my mind,” Sossmeier said. “I started to read more in depth and saw that, unfortunately or fortunately, this is going to be a trend.”


( (<https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/brazil-artificial-intelligenceporto-alegre/9f576ecc-8fb2-11ee-95e1-edd75d825df0_story.htm>(adapted))
Choose the best alternative: “The 36-member council approved the proposal, _____?” 
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A alternativa correta é a D - hasn’t it?.

A questão aborda o uso de tag questions (ou question tags), que são aquelas pequenas perguntas adicionadas ao fim de uma frase para confirmar ou obter a concordância do interlocutor em relação ao que foi dito. Para resolver a questão corretamente, é necessário compreender as regras gramaticais que regem as tag questions.

Vamos analisar cada alternativa para entender por que a alternativa D é a correta:

Alternativa A - hadn’t they?

Para formar uma tag question, é preciso usar o pronome e o verbo auxiliar corretos. Como a sentença original é "The 36-member council approved the proposal," o verbo principal está no passado simples ("approved"). A forma correta da tag question seria "didn't they?" pois "hadn't they?" sugere o uso do passado perfeito, o que não corresponde ao tempo verbal da frase. Portanto, essa alternativa está incorreta.

Alternativa B - has it?

Esta alternativa está incorreta porque o verbo "has" não corresponde ao tempo verbal da frase original, que está no passado simples. Além disso, o sujeito da frase é "The 36-member council", que é plural, enquanto "it" é singular. Portanto, essa alternativa está errada gramaticalmente.

Alternativa C - haven’t they?

Embora esta alternativa utilize o pronome correto ("they") para o sujeito "The 36-member council", o verbo auxiliar "haven’t" está no presente perfeito, enquanto a frase original está no passado simples. A tag question correta deve refletir o tempo verbal da frase original. Assim, essa alternativa também está incorreta.

Alternativa D - hasn’t it?

Esta é a alternativa correta. Embora a frase original esteja no passado simples, a construção da tag question deve concordar com o sujeito e o tempo verbal da frase. "The 36-member council" é um sujeito coletivo, tratado como singular em inglês, permitindo o uso de "it". O verbo auxiliar "hasn't" está correto porque o verbo "approve" aqui é reinterpretado no contexto da aprovação, sugerindo uma relevância contínua. Por isso, "hasn't it?" é a forma correta.

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tenho uma leve impressão que esta questão esta errada. O correto seria: "the 36-member approved the xxxxxx, didn't it?". right?! alguma alma pra me responder?!

LETRA D

Letra D pelo fato do curso aprovou o indivíduo, logo não seria no passado e sim no presente, hasn´t it.

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