Comprehension strategies are conscious plans — sets of steps...

Comprehension strategies are conscious plans — sets of steps that good readers use to make sense of a text. Comprehension strategy instruction helps students become purposeful, active readers who are in control of their own reading comprehension. There are a lot of strategies that have research-based evidence for improving text comprehension.
The paragraph above refers to one of the four language skills that should be practiced in the language classroom. This skill is: