When it comes to job losses, what is the authors’ conclusion?

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                      Technology has created more jobs than it has destroyed


   The battle between men and machines goes back centuries. Are they taking our jobs? Or are they easing our workload? A study by economists at the consultancy Deloitte seeks to shed new light on the relationship between jobs and the rise of technology by searching through census data for England and Wales going back to 1871. 

    Their conclusion is that, rather than destroying jobs, technology has been a “great job-creating machine”. Findings by Deloitte such as rise in bar staff since the 1950s or a surge in the number of hairdressers this century suggest to the authors that technology has increased spending power, therefore creating new demand and new jobs. Their study argues that the debate has been twisted towards the job-destroying effects of technological change, which are more easily observed than its creative aspects. 

      Going back over past  figures paints a more balanced picture, say authors Ian Stewart and Alex Cole. “The dominant trend is of contracting employment in agriculture and manufacturing being more than balanced by rapid growth in the caring, creative, technology and business services sectors,” they write. “Machines will take on more repetitive and laborious tasks, but they seem no closer to eliminating the need for human labor than at any time in the last 150 years.”

   According to the study, hard, dangerous and dull jobs have declined. In some sectors, technology has quite clearly cost jobs, but they question whether they are really jobs we would want to hold on to. Technology directly substitutes human muscle power and, in so doing, raises productivity and shrinks employment. “In the UK the first sector to feel this effect on any scale was agriculture,” says the study.

   The study also found out that ‘caring’ jobs have increased. The report cites a “profound shift”, with labor switching from its historic role, as a source of raw power, to the care, education and provision of services to others. Technological progress has cut the prices of essentials, such as food, and the price of bigger household items such as TVs and kitchen appliances, notes Stewart. That leaves more money to spend on leisure, and creates new demand and new jobs, which may explain the big rise in bar staff, he adds. “_______ the decline in the traditional pub, census data shows that the number of people employed in bars rose fourfold between 1951 and 2011,” the report says.

   The Deloitte economists believe that rising incomes have allowed consumers to spend more on personal services, such as grooming. That in turn has driven employment of hairdressers. So, while in 1871 there was one hairdresser or barber for every 1,793 citizens of England and Wales; today there is one for every 287 people.


                 (Adapted from: https://goo.gl/7V5vuw. Access: 02/02/2018.)

When it comes to job losses, what is the authors’ conclusion?
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Alternativa Correta: D - That technology is responsible for job losses in some areas.

A questão aborda a relação entre tecnologia e perda de empregos, baseando-se em um estudo da Deloitte que analisou dados de censos na Inglaterra e no País de Gales desde 1871. Para resolver esta questão, é necessário ter boa habilidade de interpretação de texto e atenção aos detalhes fornecidos no enunciado.

O texto discute como a tecnologia tem impactado o mercado de trabalho ao longo do tempo, destacando que, embora tenha eliminado alguns empregos, também criou novas oportunidades. A conclusão é que, em geral, a tecnologia tem sido uma "grande máquina criadora de empregos".

Justificativa da Alternativa Correta:

A alternativa D está correta porque o texto claramente menciona que a tecnologia é responsável por perdas de empregos em certos setores. Exemplos incluem a substituição de trabalhos agrícolas e de manufatura por máquinas, tornando esses trabalhos menos prevalentes. No entanto, o texto também ressalta a criação de novos empregos em setores como cuidados pessoais, educação e serviços.

Análise das Alternativas Incorretas:

A - That job losses are irrelevant for a significant part of society.

Essa alternativa está incorreta porque o texto não afirma que as perdas de empregos são irrelevantes. Pelo contrário, ele reconhece que as perdas ocorrem, mas argumenta que novos empregos também são criados.

B - That job losses are not related to people’s spending power.

Essa alternativa está incorreta porque o texto sugere que a tecnologia aumenta o poder de gasto das pessoas, criando novas demandas e, consequentemente, novos empregos.

C - That technology has no influence on job losses whatsoever.

Essa alternativa está incorreta porque o texto claramente afirma que a tecnologia tem influenciado a perda de empregos em algumas áreas, como agricultura e manufatura.

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GABARITO LETRA D

According to the study, hard, dangerous and dull jobs have declined. In some sectors, technology has quite clearly cost jobs, but they question whether they are really jobs we would want to hold on to. 

Heber, o correto não seria a frase anterior à frase que marcou?

According to the study, hard, dangerous and dull jobs have declined.

That technology is responsible for job losses in some areas.

D

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