Observe the following excerpt: “In the eyes of many author...
TEXT
Dear Mayor Estrosi, Mayor Vivoni, Prime Minister
Manuel Valls, Former President Nicolas Sarkozy,
and other French officials who have supported
France’s burkini ban:
My name is Amara Majeed, and I am a 19-yearold Muslim Sri Lankan American. I am a student at Brown University, studying cognitive neuroscience and public policy.
When I look at the photo circulating of a woman in Nice being surrounded by armed police officers as she is coerced into removing her clothing, because French officials deemed the burkini to be inappropriate beach attire, I see infringement on a woman’s right to choose what she puts on her body by a group of white males. I see the scapegoating, ostracization, and criminalization of Muslims in the aftermath of the Nice terror attacks. I am a woman who wears the hijab, and I see an affront to the rights and civil liberties of women like me.
Deputy Mayor of Nice, Christian Estrosi: You have stated that you support this ban on “inappropriate clothing” in the wake of the Nice terror attacks. Mayor Vivoni, you have described the burkini ban as a necessary measure to “protect the population.” Former French president Nicolas Sarkozy, you have labeled the burkini as a symbol of extremism.
Let me respond to all of you by saying this: any conflation of the burkini with terrorism is invalid, virulent, and discriminatory. Tell me, in what way does our way of dress pose a threat to France’s national security? In what way does the burkini propagate hateful, violent ideologies? How is it that our way of dress poses a national security threat, yet some wetsuits, which take on strikingly similar designs to the burkini, aren’t? While France’s highest administrative court has now overturned the ban, the damage has already been done — this attack on the Muslim way of dress only serves as fodder to the already existing rising anti-Muslim sentiment and stigmatization of Muslims in France. If this institutionalized Islamophobia and fearmongering is being perpetrated by French officials and authorities, I fear how the general public’s poor treatment of hijab-clad women may be exacerbated in the coming weeks. We’re all well aware that hate crimes and violence targeting Muslim women wearing the hijab is not a new phenomenon in France.
As one burkini-clad woman who was forced to leave the beach states, “Because people who have nothing to do with my religion have killed, I no longer have the right to go to the beach.” In the eyes of many authority figures, our religious identity in and of itself is incriminating. Our way of dress is incriminating. Our sheer existence is incriminating.
Many of you have called the hijab an emblem of oppression. In April, France’s Minister for Women’s Rights equated women who choose to wear the hijab with “Negroes who were in favor of slavery.” More recently, France’s prime minister stated that the burkini is a tool of “enslavement,” and former French President Sarkozy insinuated that hijabclad women are imprisoned.
I am genuinely tired of individuals like you imposing your brand of colonial feminism on us and telling us that we are oppressed, that we have been indoctrinated, that this was not our choice, and that we need to be unshackled. Instead of continuing to pursue these offensive and failing attempts at liberating us, I implore you to liberate yourselves from this white savior complex and recognize that we don’t need your saving. The hijab does not oppress me. For me, the hijab is a symbol of feminism and freedom of expression — so who are you to invalidate my experiences, to invalidate a fundamental, inextricable aspect of my identity, and to label me as enslaved, as imprisoned, as oppressed? By depriving us of our rights to dress the way we want, by making public spaces inaccessible to us, by publicly humiliating us and coercing us to remove some of our clothing while we are trying to enjoy a day at the beach — you are oppressing us.
My news feed has been saturated with people posting photos of a Muslim woman at a beach being forced to strip, captioned with outrage and vitriol towards this form of discrimination. While your support of our rights is appreciated, I ask that you refrain from doing a disservice to this individual by circulating this photo. It may not seem like you are violating a woman’s privacy and liberties by sharing a picture revealing her arms or shoulders, but it is incumbent upon us to understand that she did not freely choose to show those parts of her body in public. Even if the intent is to excoriate the burkini ban while circulating these photos, I implore you to not be complicit, whether directly or indirectly, in systems of oppression that are stripping women, literally, of their right to choose what they wear.
Yours truly,
Amara Majeed – a muslin woman
(Source: http://www.bustle.com/articles/180721-an-open-letter-to-french-officials-who-support-the-burkini-ban-from-a-muslim-wo-man)
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Alternativa correta: A - It is an adjective used to emphasize the degree or amount of something, in this case the word "existence".
A questão apresenta um texto onde a autora, Amara Majeed, discute a proibição do burkini na França e a discriminação contra muçulmanos. O trecho "In the eyes of many authority figures, our religious identity in and of itself is incriminating. Our way of dress is incriminating. Our sheer existence is incriminating." utiliza a palavra sheer para enfatizar o grau de incriminação que a autora sente em relação à sua identidade e existência.
A alternativa correta é a Alternativa A. A palavra sheer é um adjetivo que, no contexto, serve para enfatizar a extensão ou grau da ideia de existência. Neste caso, sheer existence significa que a simples existência dos muçulmanos é vista como incriminatória pelos figurões de autoridade mencionados.
Vamos analisar por que as outras alternativas estão incorretas:
Alternativa B: It is a noun meaning a particular manner or style of doing something, in this case related to the word "existence".
Esta alternativa está incorreta porque sheer não é um substantivo. No contexto dado, sheer é um adjetivo que qualifica a palavra "existence", e não descreve um estilo ou maneira de fazer algo.
Alternativa C: It is an interjection, that is, a short word spoken suddenly to express an emotion related to the word "existence".
Esta alternativa está incorreta porque sheer não é uma interjeição. Interjeições são palavras usadas para expressar emoções rápidas, como "oh!" ou "wow!", o que não se aplica aqui.
Alternativa D: It is a figure of speech used to create a particular effect on the reader concerning the word to which it is related.
Embora a palavra sheer possa criar um efeito no leitor, esta alternativa é muito genérica e não captura a função gramatical precisa da palavra no contexto, que é a de um adjetivo.
Alternativa E: It is a word used as a metaphor in order to show that the things mentioned have the same qualities.
Esta alternativa está incorreta porque sheer não está sendo usada como uma metáfora. No contexto, ela é usada literalmente para enfatizar a intensidade ou grau de incriminação da existência dos muçulmanos.
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a-
the adjective sheer is commonly used to mean 'pure', or something carried to the utmost point or degree
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