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  Oral communication in the form of student talk can be described as focused group conversations or collaborative conversations that are usually facilitated and/or monitored by an instructor. Eliciting student talk encourages the use of oral language to express their understanding of a concept or idea which is more than just knowledgeable peers sharing answers; it is the use of language as a tool to construct meaning. Research suggests that students learn more from giving explanations than receiving explanations (Chi et al, 1994; Sparks, 2013; Webb, 1989); hence the benefit of incorporating student talk into class situations, where interactions are easily fostered, has been shown to be effective across disciplines, from Biology to Language Learning (Karrema, 2014; Tanner, 2009) as well as in small classes to 600-person lecture halls (Tanner, 2009). According to renowned developmental psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) to whom talk is one of the primary tools for communication, in particular, communicaion helps students negotiate meaning and connect prior knowledge, resulting in the development of thought and practice (Vygotsky, 1978). Not only can student talk help them better construct understanding of an idea or concept, it can also signal to the instructor whether a particular activity is supporting student learning and whether they are reaching course learning objectives. Student talk supports learning by: providing opportunities to clarify thoughts, generate conclusions, develop theories and ask new questions; establishing norms which ease students’ inhibitions, motivates sharing and promotes respectful communication; exposing learners to new ideas and perspectives from each other’s examples; connecting what students already know and what they think they know, to what they are being asked to learn; acknowledging the value of student’s ideas and empowering those who take more responsibility for their learning; building an understanding of a collaborative nature of learning; privileging the expression of personally meaningful ideas and the use of everyday language rather than focusing on the correct answers and the use of perfect language. 


(Rebecca L. Chism and LeighAnn Tomaswick, August 2018. Oral Communication as a Learning Tool. Kent State University Center for Teaching and  
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