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Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
EMBRAPA
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Pesquisador – Área: Ciências da Saúde – Subárea: Nutrição |
Q3300226
Inglês
Texto associado
Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.
Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.
Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.
Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food.
Internet: <nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item about the text above.
The presence of inverted commas (“) in “primitive” and “backward” indicate that the authors agree with the descriptions used by imperial authorities to define some specific peoples.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
EMBRAPA
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Pesquisador – Área: Ciências da Saúde – Subárea: Nutrição |
Q3300224
Inglês
Texto associado
Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.
Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.
Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.
Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food.
Internet: <nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item about the text above.
According to the text, the farming communities in the Global South are no longer under the assumptions typical of the “international development programs” created in the 20th century.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
IBAMA
Provas:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 1: Proteção, Licenciamento, Monitoramento e Qualidade Ambiental
|
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 2: Manejo, Conservação e Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre |
Q3299215
Inglês
Texto associado
In the 1980s, plant genetic resources were considered
under international law to be a common heritage of mankind, and
were therefore classified as goods that cannot be owned.
However, this status was strongly rejected by many emerging
countries because it gave pharmaceutical and seed companies
(mostly from rich countries) free access to their genetic resources
without being required in any way to redistribute a share of their
profits.
These countries scored a victory with the signing of the
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and the
TRIPS agreement in 1995. Genetic resources now come under
the control of sovereign countries, and some property rights can
be recognized to the indigenous communities on the resources
that they have been conserving from generation to generation.
States are now required to organize these “collective intellectual
property rights” in such a way that any local resource conserved
in this manner will generate dividends for these populations when
used by multinational firms.
The now well-known concept of Access to Genetic
Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) emerged in the second half
of the 1990s. Their aim was to organize a biological diversity
marketplace capable of enhancing the value of the genetic
resources of countries of the South, which cannot refuse access to
these resources. In addition, these countries can now claim a
share of the profits that may result from their use.
In short, the change in the status of genetic resources from
common heritage of mankind to a good that can be owned under
national sovereignty took place in the early 1990s at the request
of countries of the South and to their benefit, and the ABS
mechanism is a fine example of intellectual property rights set up
in the interest of the people of these countries.
In a general sense, this analysis is fairly accurate and
could constitute an argument to be used against those who are of
the opinion that the spread of intellectual property rights is an
obstacle to the development of the South. However, the issue
today is whether the South gained anything by playing this card.
In answering this question, it is important to more clearly
emphasize the deep connection—often overlooked—between the
conservation of genetic resources and their practical use.
Internet:<https://shs.cairn.info/journal> (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
The word “However”, in the second sentence of the last paragraph, can be correctly replaced with Nevertheless, without changing the original meaning of the fragment.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
IBAMA
Provas:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 1: Proteção, Licenciamento, Monitoramento e Qualidade Ambiental
|
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 2: Manejo, Conservação e Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre |
Q3299214
Inglês
Texto associado
In the 1980s, plant genetic resources were considered
under international law to be a common heritage of mankind, and
were therefore classified as goods that cannot be owned.
However, this status was strongly rejected by many emerging
countries because it gave pharmaceutical and seed companies
(mostly from rich countries) free access to their genetic resources
without being required in any way to redistribute a share of their
profits.
These countries scored a victory with the signing of the
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and the
TRIPS agreement in 1995. Genetic resources now come under
the control of sovereign countries, and some property rights can
be recognized to the indigenous communities on the resources
that they have been conserving from generation to generation.
States are now required to organize these “collective intellectual
property rights” in such a way that any local resource conserved
in this manner will generate dividends for these populations when
used by multinational firms.
The now well-known concept of Access to Genetic
Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) emerged in the second half
of the 1990s. Their aim was to organize a biological diversity
marketplace capable of enhancing the value of the genetic
resources of countries of the South, which cannot refuse access to
these resources. In addition, these countries can now claim a
share of the profits that may result from their use.
In short, the change in the status of genetic resources from
common heritage of mankind to a good that can be owned under
national sovereignty took place in the early 1990s at the request
of countries of the South and to their benefit, and the ABS
mechanism is a fine example of intellectual property rights set up
in the interest of the people of these countries.
In a general sense, this analysis is fairly accurate and
could constitute an argument to be used against those who are of
the opinion that the spread of intellectual property rights is an
obstacle to the development of the South. However, the issue
today is whether the South gained anything by playing this card.
In answering this question, it is important to more clearly
emphasize the deep connection—often overlooked—between the
conservation of genetic resources and their practical use.
Internet:<https://shs.cairn.info/journal> (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
The text argues that the spread of intellectual property rights has clearly benefited the countries of the South, proving that it is not an obstacle to their development.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
IBAMA
Provas:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 1: Proteção, Licenciamento, Monitoramento e Qualidade Ambiental
|
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 2: Manejo, Conservação e Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre |
Q3299213
Inglês
Texto associado
In the 1980s, plant genetic resources were considered
under international law to be a common heritage of mankind, and
were therefore classified as goods that cannot be owned.
However, this status was strongly rejected by many emerging
countries because it gave pharmaceutical and seed companies
(mostly from rich countries) free access to their genetic resources
without being required in any way to redistribute a share of their
profits.
These countries scored a victory with the signing of the
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and the
TRIPS agreement in 1995. Genetic resources now come under
the control of sovereign countries, and some property rights can
be recognized to the indigenous communities on the resources
that they have been conserving from generation to generation.
States are now required to organize these “collective intellectual
property rights” in such a way that any local resource conserved
in this manner will generate dividends for these populations when
used by multinational firms.
The now well-known concept of Access to Genetic
Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) emerged in the second half
of the 1990s. Their aim was to organize a biological diversity
marketplace capable of enhancing the value of the genetic
resources of countries of the South, which cannot refuse access to
these resources. In addition, these countries can now claim a
share of the profits that may result from their use.
In short, the change in the status of genetic resources from
common heritage of mankind to a good that can be owned under
national sovereignty took place in the early 1990s at the request
of countries of the South and to their benefit, and the ABS
mechanism is a fine example of intellectual property rights set up
in the interest of the people of these countries.
In a general sense, this analysis is fairly accurate and
could constitute an argument to be used against those who are of
the opinion that the spread of intellectual property rights is an
obstacle to the development of the South. However, the issue
today is whether the South gained anything by playing this card.
In answering this question, it is important to more clearly
emphasize the deep connection—often overlooked—between the
conservation of genetic resources and their practical use.
Internet:<https://shs.cairn.info/journal> (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
The shift from the perception of genetic resources as mankind’s common heritage to its condition of property of national sovereignty was demanded by countries of the South.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
IBAMA
Provas:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 1: Proteção, Licenciamento, Monitoramento e Qualidade Ambiental
|
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 2: Manejo, Conservação e Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre |
Q3299212
Inglês
Texto associado
In the 1980s, plant genetic resources were considered
under international law to be a common heritage of mankind, and
were therefore classified as goods that cannot be owned.
However, this status was strongly rejected by many emerging
countries because it gave pharmaceutical and seed companies
(mostly from rich countries) free access to their genetic resources
without being required in any way to redistribute a share of their
profits.
These countries scored a victory with the signing of the
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and the
TRIPS agreement in 1995. Genetic resources now come under
the control of sovereign countries, and some property rights can
be recognized to the indigenous communities on the resources
that they have been conserving from generation to generation.
States are now required to organize these “collective intellectual
property rights” in such a way that any local resource conserved
in this manner will generate dividends for these populations when
used by multinational firms.
The now well-known concept of Access to Genetic
Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) emerged in the second half
of the 1990s. Their aim was to organize a biological diversity
marketplace capable of enhancing the value of the genetic
resources of countries of the South, which cannot refuse access to
these resources. In addition, these countries can now claim a
share of the profits that may result from their use.
In short, the change in the status of genetic resources from
common heritage of mankind to a good that can be owned under
national sovereignty took place in the early 1990s at the request
of countries of the South and to their benefit, and the ABS
mechanism is a fine example of intellectual property rights set up
in the interest of the people of these countries.
In a general sense, this analysis is fairly accurate and
could constitute an argument to be used against those who are of
the opinion that the spread of intellectual property rights is an
obstacle to the development of the South. However, the issue
today is whether the South gained anything by playing this card.
In answering this question, it is important to more clearly
emphasize the deep connection—often overlooked—between the
conservation of genetic resources and their practical use.
Internet:<https://shs.cairn.info/journal> (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
In the 1980s, genetic resources were regarded as private property under international law, allowing multinational corporations to control them freely.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
IBAMA
Provas:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 1: Proteção, Licenciamento, Monitoramento e Qualidade Ambiental
|
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 2: Manejo, Conservação e Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre |
Q3299211
Inglês
Texto associado
In the 1980s, plant genetic resources were considered
under international law to be a common heritage of mankind, and
were therefore classified as goods that cannot be owned.
However, this status was strongly rejected by many emerging
countries because it gave pharmaceutical and seed companies
(mostly from rich countries) free access to their genetic resources
without being required in any way to redistribute a share of their
profits.
These countries scored a victory with the signing of the
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and the
TRIPS agreement in 1995. Genetic resources now come under
the control of sovereign countries, and some property rights can
be recognized to the indigenous communities on the resources
that they have been conserving from generation to generation.
States are now required to organize these “collective intellectual
property rights” in such a way that any local resource conserved
in this manner will generate dividends for these populations when
used by multinational firms.
The now well-known concept of Access to Genetic
Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) emerged in the second half
of the 1990s. Their aim was to organize a biological diversity
marketplace capable of enhancing the value of the genetic
resources of countries of the South, which cannot refuse access to
these resources. In addition, these countries can now claim a
share of the profits that may result from their use.
In short, the change in the status of genetic resources from
common heritage of mankind to a good that can be owned under
national sovereignty took place in the early 1990s at the request
of countries of the South and to their benefit, and the ABS
mechanism is a fine example of intellectual property rights set up
in the interest of the people of these countries.
In a general sense, this analysis is fairly accurate and
could constitute an argument to be used against those who are of
the opinion that the spread of intellectual property rights is an
obstacle to the development of the South. However, the issue
today is whether the South gained anything by playing this card.
In answering this question, it is important to more clearly
emphasize the deep connection—often overlooked—between the
conservation of genetic resources and their practical use.
Internet:<https://shs.cairn.info/journal> (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
According to the text, the ABS system was created to prevent multinational companies from using the genetic resources of countries of the South.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUVEST
Órgão:
USP
Prova:
FUVEST - 2025 - USP - Educador (Especialidade: Educação Física e Esporte) |
Q3299087
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto para a questão
Rain Is Coming to Burning Los Angeles and Will Bring Its Own Risks
Rain is forecast to begin as soon as Saturday
afternoon and to continue as late as Monday evening, says
meteorologist Kristan Lund of the National Weather Service’s
Los Angeles office. The area desperately needs the
precipitation, but experts are warily monitoring the situation
because rain poses its own risks in recently burned areas—
most notably the potential occurrence of mudslides and similar
hazards. “Rain is good because we’ve been so dry,” Lund
says. “However, if we get heavier rain rates or we get the
thunderstorms, it’s actually a lot more dangerous because you
can get debris flows.”
Fires do a couple of different things to the landscape
that can increase the risk of burned material, soil and detritus
hurtling out of control. When fires burn hot or long enough, they
leave an invisible layer of waxy material just under the surface
of the ground. This develops from decomposing leaves and
other organic material, which contain naturally hydrophobic or
water-repellent compounds. Fire can vaporize this litter, and
the resulting gas seeps into the upper soil—where it quickly
cools and condenses, forming the slippery layer.
When rain falls on ground that has been affected by
this phenomenon, it can’t sink beyond the hydrophobic layer—
so the water flows away, often hauling debris with it. “All of the
trees, branches, everything that’s been burned—unfortunately,
if it rains, that stuff just floats,” Lund says. “It’s really
concerning.” Even a fire that isn’t severe enough to create a
hydrophobic layer can still cause debris flows, says Danielle
Touma, a climate scientist at the University of Texas at Austin.
Under normal conditions, trees and other plants usually trap
some rain above the surface, slowing the water’s downward
journey. But on freshly burned land there’s much less greenery
to interfere; all the rain immediately hits the ground. [...]
Fortunately, the rain should also help firefighters tame
the blazes that remain active. The largest, the Palisades Fire,
is currently 77 percent contained. The second largest, the
Eaton Fire, is 95 percent contained. The Hughes Fire is third
largest and only 56 percent contained. A fire can be fully
contained but still burning. The containment percentage refers
to the amount of the perimeter that has barriers that firefighters
expect will prevent further spread.
Scientific American. January 27th, 2025. Adaptado.
Considerado o contexto, ao usar o termo “Fortunately” (4º
parágrafo), o autor
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUVEST
Órgão:
USP
Prova:
FUVEST - 2025 - USP - Educador (Especialidade: Educação Física e Esporte) |
Q3299086
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto para a questão
Rain Is Coming to Burning Los Angeles and Will Bring Its Own Risks
Rain is forecast to begin as soon as Saturday
afternoon and to continue as late as Monday evening, says
meteorologist Kristan Lund of the National Weather Service’s
Los Angeles office. The area desperately needs the
precipitation, but experts are warily monitoring the situation
because rain poses its own risks in recently burned areas—
most notably the potential occurrence of mudslides and similar
hazards. “Rain is good because we’ve been so dry,” Lund
says. “However, if we get heavier rain rates or we get the
thunderstorms, it’s actually a lot more dangerous because you
can get debris flows.”
Fires do a couple of different things to the landscape
that can increase the risk of burned material, soil and detritus
hurtling out of control. When fires burn hot or long enough, they
leave an invisible layer of waxy material just under the surface
of the ground. This develops from decomposing leaves and
other organic material, which contain naturally hydrophobic or
water-repellent compounds. Fire can vaporize this litter, and
the resulting gas seeps into the upper soil—where it quickly
cools and condenses, forming the slippery layer.
When rain falls on ground that has been affected by
this phenomenon, it can’t sink beyond the hydrophobic layer—
so the water flows away, often hauling debris with it. “All of the
trees, branches, everything that’s been burned—unfortunately,
if it rains, that stuff just floats,” Lund says. “It’s really
concerning.” Even a fire that isn’t severe enough to create a
hydrophobic layer can still cause debris flows, says Danielle
Touma, a climate scientist at the University of Texas at Austin.
Under normal conditions, trees and other plants usually trap
some rain above the surface, slowing the water’s downward
journey. But on freshly burned land there’s much less greenery
to interfere; all the rain immediately hits the ground. [...]
Fortunately, the rain should also help firefighters tame
the blazes that remain active. The largest, the Palisades Fire,
is currently 77 percent contained. The second largest, the
Eaton Fire, is 95 percent contained. The Hughes Fire is third
largest and only 56 percent contained. A fire can be fully
contained but still burning. The containment percentage refers
to the amount of the perimeter that has barriers that firefighters
expect will prevent further spread.
Scientific American. January 27th, 2025. Adaptado.
Na oração "[...] the rain should also help firefighters tame the
blazes that remain active. [...]" (4º parágrafo), o uso do verbo
modal should indica
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUVEST
Órgão:
USP
Prova:
FUVEST - 2025 - USP - Educador (Especialidade: Educação Física e Esporte) |
Q3299085
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto para a questão
Rain Is Coming to Burning Los Angeles and Will Bring Its Own Risks
Rain is forecast to begin as soon as Saturday
afternoon and to continue as late as Monday evening, says
meteorologist Kristan Lund of the National Weather Service’s
Los Angeles office. The area desperately needs the
precipitation, but experts are warily monitoring the situation
because rain poses its own risks in recently burned areas—
most notably the potential occurrence of mudslides and similar
hazards. “Rain is good because we’ve been so dry,” Lund
says. “However, if we get heavier rain rates or we get the
thunderstorms, it’s actually a lot more dangerous because you
can get debris flows.”
Fires do a couple of different things to the landscape
that can increase the risk of burned material, soil and detritus
hurtling out of control. When fires burn hot or long enough, they
leave an invisible layer of waxy material just under the surface
of the ground. This develops from decomposing leaves and
other organic material, which contain naturally hydrophobic or
water-repellent compounds. Fire can vaporize this litter, and
the resulting gas seeps into the upper soil—where it quickly
cools and condenses, forming the slippery layer.
When rain falls on ground that has been affected by
this phenomenon, it can’t sink beyond the hydrophobic layer—
so the water flows away, often hauling debris with it. “All of the
trees, branches, everything that’s been burned—unfortunately,
if it rains, that stuff just floats,” Lund says. “It’s really
concerning.” Even a fire that isn’t severe enough to create a
hydrophobic layer can still cause debris flows, says Danielle
Touma, a climate scientist at the University of Texas at Austin.
Under normal conditions, trees and other plants usually trap
some rain above the surface, slowing the water’s downward
journey. But on freshly burned land there’s much less greenery
to interfere; all the rain immediately hits the ground. [...]
Fortunately, the rain should also help firefighters tame
the blazes that remain active. The largest, the Palisades Fire,
is currently 77 percent contained. The second largest, the
Eaton Fire, is 95 percent contained. The Hughes Fire is third
largest and only 56 percent contained. A fire can be fully
contained but still burning. The containment percentage refers
to the amount of the perimeter that has barriers that firefighters
expect will prevent further spread.
Scientific American. January 27th, 2025. Adaptado.
Segundo Danielle Touma, uma especialista em ciências
climáticas da Universidade do Texas em Austin,
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUVEST
Órgão:
USP
Prova:
FUVEST - 2025 - USP - Educador (Especialidade: Educação Física e Esporte) |
Q3299084
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto para a questão
Rain Is Coming to Burning Los Angeles and Will Bring Its Own Risks
Rain is forecast to begin as soon as Saturday
afternoon and to continue as late as Monday evening, says
meteorologist Kristan Lund of the National Weather Service’s
Los Angeles office. The area desperately needs the
precipitation, but experts are warily monitoring the situation
because rain poses its own risks in recently burned areas—
most notably the potential occurrence of mudslides and similar
hazards. “Rain is good because we’ve been so dry,” Lund
says. “However, if we get heavier rain rates or we get the
thunderstorms, it’s actually a lot more dangerous because you
can get debris flows.”
Fires do a couple of different things to the landscape
that can increase the risk of burned material, soil and detritus
hurtling out of control. When fires burn hot or long enough, they
leave an invisible layer of waxy material just under the surface
of the ground. This develops from decomposing leaves and
other organic material, which contain naturally hydrophobic or
water-repellent compounds. Fire can vaporize this litter, and
the resulting gas seeps into the upper soil—where it quickly
cools and condenses, forming the slippery layer.
When rain falls on ground that has been affected by
this phenomenon, it can’t sink beyond the hydrophobic layer—
so the water flows away, often hauling debris with it. “All of the
trees, branches, everything that’s been burned—unfortunately,
if it rains, that stuff just floats,” Lund says. “It’s really
concerning.” Even a fire that isn’t severe enough to create a
hydrophobic layer can still cause debris flows, says Danielle
Touma, a climate scientist at the University of Texas at Austin.
Under normal conditions, trees and other plants usually trap
some rain above the surface, slowing the water’s downward
journey. But on freshly burned land there’s much less greenery
to interfere; all the rain immediately hits the ground. [...]
Fortunately, the rain should also help firefighters tame
the blazes that remain active. The largest, the Palisades Fire,
is currently 77 percent contained. The second largest, the
Eaton Fire, is 95 percent contained. The Hughes Fire is third
largest and only 56 percent contained. A fire can be fully
contained but still burning. The containment percentage refers
to the amount of the perimeter that has barriers that firefighters
expect will prevent further spread.
Scientific American. January 27th, 2025. Adaptado.
Considerando a oração "[...] it can’t sink beyond the
hydrophobic layer—so the water flows away [...]” (3º
parágrafo), o termo “so” pode ser substituído, sem prejuízo de
sentido, por
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUVEST
Órgão:
USP
Prova:
FUVEST - 2025 - USP - Educador (Especialidade: Educação Física e Esporte) |
Q3299083
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto para a questão
Rain Is Coming to Burning Los Angeles and Will Bring Its Own Risks
Rain is forecast to begin as soon as Saturday
afternoon and to continue as late as Monday evening, says
meteorologist Kristan Lund of the National Weather Service’s
Los Angeles office. The area desperately needs the
precipitation, but experts are warily monitoring the situation
because rain poses its own risks in recently burned areas—
most notably the potential occurrence of mudslides and similar
hazards. “Rain is good because we’ve been so dry,” Lund
says. “However, if we get heavier rain rates or we get the
thunderstorms, it’s actually a lot more dangerous because you
can get debris flows.”
Fires do a couple of different things to the landscape
that can increase the risk of burned material, soil and detritus
hurtling out of control. When fires burn hot or long enough, they
leave an invisible layer of waxy material just under the surface
of the ground. This develops from decomposing leaves and
other organic material, which contain naturally hydrophobic or
water-repellent compounds. Fire can vaporize this litter, and
the resulting gas seeps into the upper soil—where it quickly
cools and condenses, forming the slippery layer.
When rain falls on ground that has been affected by
this phenomenon, it can’t sink beyond the hydrophobic layer—
so the water flows away, often hauling debris with it. “All of the
trees, branches, everything that’s been burned—unfortunately,
if it rains, that stuff just floats,” Lund says. “It’s really
concerning.” Even a fire that isn’t severe enough to create a
hydrophobic layer can still cause debris flows, says Danielle
Touma, a climate scientist at the University of Texas at Austin.
Under normal conditions, trees and other plants usually trap
some rain above the surface, slowing the water’s downward
journey. But on freshly burned land there’s much less greenery
to interfere; all the rain immediately hits the ground. [...]
Fortunately, the rain should also help firefighters tame
the blazes that remain active. The largest, the Palisades Fire,
is currently 77 percent contained. The second largest, the
Eaton Fire, is 95 percent contained. The Hughes Fire is third
largest and only 56 percent contained. A fire can be fully
contained but still burning. The containment percentage refers
to the amount of the perimeter that has barriers that firefighters
expect will prevent further spread.
Scientific American. January 27th, 2025. Adaptado.
O termo "litter”, no parágrafo 2, refere-se
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUVEST
Órgão:
USP
Prova:
FUVEST - 2025 - USP - Educador (Especialidade: Educação Física e Esporte) |
Q3299082
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto para a questão
Rain Is Coming to Burning Los Angeles and Will Bring Its Own Risks
Rain is forecast to begin as soon as Saturday
afternoon and to continue as late as Monday evening, says
meteorologist Kristan Lund of the National Weather Service’s
Los Angeles office. The area desperately needs the
precipitation, but experts are warily monitoring the situation
because rain poses its own risks in recently burned areas—
most notably the potential occurrence of mudslides and similar
hazards. “Rain is good because we’ve been so dry,” Lund
says. “However, if we get heavier rain rates or we get the
thunderstorms, it’s actually a lot more dangerous because you
can get debris flows.”
Fires do a couple of different things to the landscape
that can increase the risk of burned material, soil and detritus
hurtling out of control. When fires burn hot or long enough, they
leave an invisible layer of waxy material just under the surface
of the ground. This develops from decomposing leaves and
other organic material, which contain naturally hydrophobic or
water-repellent compounds. Fire can vaporize this litter, and
the resulting gas seeps into the upper soil—where it quickly
cools and condenses, forming the slippery layer.
When rain falls on ground that has been affected by
this phenomenon, it can’t sink beyond the hydrophobic layer—
so the water flows away, often hauling debris with it. “All of the
trees, branches, everything that’s been burned—unfortunately,
if it rains, that stuff just floats,” Lund says. “It’s really
concerning.” Even a fire that isn’t severe enough to create a
hydrophobic layer can still cause debris flows, says Danielle
Touma, a climate scientist at the University of Texas at Austin.
Under normal conditions, trees and other plants usually trap
some rain above the surface, slowing the water’s downward
journey. But on freshly burned land there’s much less greenery
to interfere; all the rain immediately hits the ground. [...]
Fortunately, the rain should also help firefighters tame
the blazes that remain active. The largest, the Palisades Fire,
is currently 77 percent contained. The second largest, the
Eaton Fire, is 95 percent contained. The Hughes Fire is third
largest and only 56 percent contained. A fire can be fully
contained but still burning. The containment percentage refers
to the amount of the perimeter that has barriers that firefighters
expect will prevent further spread.
Scientific American. January 27th, 2025. Adaptado.
Com base no primeiro parágrafo e na opinião dos
especialistas, qual das seguintes inferências pode ser feita?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
JVL Concursos
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI
Prova:
JVL Concursos - 2025 - Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI - Professor - Inglês |
Q3297450
Inglês
Select the option that properly expresses possession:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
JVL Concursos
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI
Prova:
JVL Concursos - 2025 - Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI - Professor - Inglês |
Q3297449
Inglês
Which sentence accurately uses a reflexive pronoun?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
JVL Concursos
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI
Prova:
JVL Concursos - 2025 - Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI - Professor - Inglês |
Q3297448
Inglês
Pick the correct form:
“Among all the participants, Linda read her text ____ .”
Ano: 2025
Banca:
JVL Concursos
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI
Prova:
JVL Concursos - 2025 - Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI - Professor - Inglês |
Q3297447
Inglês
Complete the sentence with the appropriate article:
“____ university in this region is offering additional language courses for free.”
“____ university in this region is offering additional language courses for free.”
Ano: 2025
Banca:
JVL Concursos
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI
Prova:
JVL Concursos - 2025 - Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI - Professor - Inglês |
Q3297446
Inglês
Choose the sentence in which the indefinite pronoun
is used correctly:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
JVL Concursos
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI
Prova:
JVL Concursos - 2025 - Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI - Professor - Inglês |
Q3297445
Inglês
Which option correctly transforms the active sentence
into the passive?
Active: “The board members will discuss the new policy next week.”
Active: “The board members will discuss the new policy next week.”
Ano: 2025
Banca:
JVL Concursos
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI
Prova:
JVL Concursos - 2025 - Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PI - Professor - Inglês |
Q3297444
Inglês
Identify the correct question tag:
“You didn’t finish marking the assignments, ____?”
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