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Q2486258 Inglês
TEXTO ASSOCIADO


Bob Dylan and the “Hot Hand”


For decades, there’s been a running academic debate about the question of “the hot hand”— the notion, in basketball, say, that a player has a statistically better chance of scoring from downtown if he’s been shooting that night with unusual accuracy. Put it this way: Stephen Curry, the point guard genius for the Golden State Warriors, who normally hits forty-four per cent of his threes, will raise his odds to fifty per cent or better if he’s already on a tear. He’s got a “hot hand.” If you watch enough N.B.A. ball, it appears to happen all the time. But does it? Thirty years ago, Thomas Gilovich, Amos Tversky, and Robert Vallone seemed to squelch the hot-hand theory with a stats-laden paper in the journal Cognitive Psychology, but, just last year, along came Joshua Miller and Adam Sanjurjo, marshalling no less evidence, to insist that an “atypical clustering of successes” in three-point shooting was not a “wide spread cognitive illusion” at all, but rather that it “occurs regularly.”

Steph Curry fans, who have been loyal witnesses to his improbable streaks from beyond the arc, surely agree with Professors Miller and Sanjurjo. But let’s assume that the debate, in basketball or at the blackjack table, remains open. What’s clear is that when it comes to the life of the imagination, the hot hand is a matter of historical fact. Novelists, composers, painters, and poets are apt to experience stretches of intense creativity that might derive from any number of factors — surrounding historical events, artistic rivalries, or, most mysteriously, inspiration — but the streak is undeniably there.

For Dylan, the greatest and most abundant songwriter who has ever lived, the most intense period of wild inspiration and creativity ran from the beginning of 1965 to the summer of 1966.

Before that fifteen-month period, Bob Dylan, who was twenty-three, had already transformed folk music, building on Woody Guthrie and Hank Williams. Now he was scribbling lyrics on pads and envelopes all night and listening to the Stones and the Beatles and feverishly reading the Surrealists and the Beats. In short order, he recorded the music for “Bringing It All Back Home” (the crossover to rock that ranges from “Mr. Tambourine Man” to “Subterranean Homesick Blues”); “Highway 61 Revisited” (the best rock album ever made; again, send your rebuttal to ); and “Blonde on Blonde” (a double album recorded in New York and Nashville that includes “Visions of Johanna” and “Just Like a Woman”).


Full text available on https://www.newyorker. com/culture/cultural-comment/bob-dylanand-the-hot-hand
[Questão inédita] In the section “Now he was scribbling lyrics on pads and envelopes all night and listening to the Stones and the Beatles and feverishly reading the Surrealists and the Beats”, the expression scribbling lyrics is synonymous with
Alternativas
Q2486257 Inglês
TEXTO ASSOCIADO


Bob Dylan and the “Hot Hand”


For decades, there’s been a running academic debate about the question of “the hot hand”— the notion, in basketball, say, that a player has a statistically better chance of scoring from downtown if he’s been shooting that night with unusual accuracy. Put it this way: Stephen Curry, the point guard genius for the Golden State Warriors, who normally hits forty-four per cent of his threes, will raise his odds to fifty per cent or better if he’s already on a tear. He’s got a “hot hand.” If you watch enough N.B.A. ball, it appears to happen all the time. But does it? Thirty years ago, Thomas Gilovich, Amos Tversky, and Robert Vallone seemed to squelch the hot-hand theory with a stats-laden paper in the journal Cognitive Psychology, but, just last year, along came Joshua Miller and Adam Sanjurjo, marshalling no less evidence, to insist that an “atypical clustering of successes” in three-point shooting was not a “wide spread cognitive illusion” at all, but rather that it “occurs regularly.”

Steph Curry fans, who have been loyal witnesses to his improbable streaks from beyond the arc, surely agree with Professors Miller and Sanjurjo. But let’s assume that the debate, in basketball or at the blackjack table, remains open. What’s clear is that when it comes to the life of the imagination, the hot hand is a matter of historical fact. Novelists, composers, painters, and poets are apt to experience stretches of intense creativity that might derive from any number of factors — surrounding historical events, artistic rivalries, or, most mysteriously, inspiration — but the streak is undeniably there.

For Dylan, the greatest and most abundant songwriter who has ever lived, the most intense period of wild inspiration and creativity ran from the beginning of 1965 to the summer of 1966.

Before that fifteen-month period, Bob Dylan, who was twenty-three, had already transformed folk music, building on Woody Guthrie and Hank Williams. Now he was scribbling lyrics on pads and envelopes all night and listening to the Stones and the Beatles and feverishly reading the Surrealists and the Beats. In short order, he recorded the music for “Bringing It All Back Home” (the crossover to rock that ranges from “Mr. Tambourine Man” to “Subterranean Homesick Blues”); “Highway 61 Revisited” (the best rock album ever made; again, send your rebuttal to ); and “Blonde on Blonde” (a double album recorded in New York and Nashville that includes “Visions of Johanna” and “Just Like a Woman”).


Full text available on https://www.newyorker. com/culture/cultural-comment/bob-dylanand-the-hot-hand
[Questão inédita] Read the following excerpt of the text: “For Dylan, the greatest and most abundant song writer who has ever lived, the most intense period of wild inspiration and creativity ran from the beginning of 1965 to the summer of 1966”.

The word in bold is associated with the idea of:
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Q2383642 Inglês

Text 18A3-I 


    The roar of a waterfall suggests the power of water. Rampaging floodwaters can uproot strong trees and twist railroad tracks. When the power of water is harnessed, however, it can do useful work for humans. 


    Since ancient times, people have put the energy in the flow of water to work. They first made water work for them with the waterwheel, a wheel with paddles around its rim. Flowing water rotated the waterwheel, which in turn ran machinery that was linked to it. Today, new kinds of waterwheels — turbines — spin generators that produce electricity. Electricity from water-turned generators is known as hydroelectricity. 


    By building a dam across a river, the natural upstream water level is elevated and a difference in head is created that can be used to drive turbines and generate electricity. A large upstream reservoir may balance seasonal water flow; rain or melted snow can be stored in the reservoir during the wet season to provide electricity during dry seasons. 


    Waterpower is distributed unevenly among the continents and nations of the world. Europe and North America have developed much of their waterpower. Asia, South America, and Africa have abundant waterpower potential, but while countries such as China and Brazil have become leading hydroelectric producers, much of the waterpower resource on those continents remains undeveloped. 



Elizabeth Lachner. Hydroelectricity. Rosen Publishing Group, 2018 (adapted). 

Maintaining the original meaning of text 18A3-I, the fragment “Today, new kinds of waterwheels — turbines — spin generators that produce electricity” (fourth sentence of the second paragraph) could be correctly replaced with 
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Q2383639 Inglês

Text 18A3-I 


    The roar of a waterfall suggests the power of water. Rampaging floodwaters can uproot strong trees and twist railroad tracks. When the power of water is harnessed, however, it can do useful work for humans. 


    Since ancient times, people have put the energy in the flow of water to work. They first made water work for them with the waterwheel, a wheel with paddles around its rim. Flowing water rotated the waterwheel, which in turn ran machinery that was linked to it. Today, new kinds of waterwheels — turbines — spin generators that produce electricity. Electricity from water-turned generators is known as hydroelectricity. 


    By building a dam across a river, the natural upstream water level is elevated and a difference in head is created that can be used to drive turbines and generate electricity. A large upstream reservoir may balance seasonal water flow; rain or melted snow can be stored in the reservoir during the wet season to provide electricity during dry seasons. 


    Waterpower is distributed unevenly among the continents and nations of the world. Europe and North America have developed much of their waterpower. Asia, South America, and Africa have abundant waterpower potential, but while countries such as China and Brazil have become leading hydroelectric producers, much of the waterpower resource on those continents remains undeveloped. 



Elizabeth Lachner. Hydroelectricity. Rosen Publishing Group, 2018 (adapted). 

In the third sentence of the second paragraph of text 18A3-I, the pronouns “which” and “it” are both replacing 
Alternativas
Q2383638 Inglês

Text 18A3-I 


    The roar of a waterfall suggests the power of water. Rampaging floodwaters can uproot strong trees and twist railroad tracks. When the power of water is harnessed, however, it can do useful work for humans. 


    Since ancient times, people have put the energy in the flow of water to work. They first made water work for them with the waterwheel, a wheel with paddles around its rim. Flowing water rotated the waterwheel, which in turn ran machinery that was linked to it. Today, new kinds of waterwheels — turbines — spin generators that produce electricity. Electricity from water-turned generators is known as hydroelectricity. 


    By building a dam across a river, the natural upstream water level is elevated and a difference in head is created that can be used to drive turbines and generate electricity. A large upstream reservoir may balance seasonal water flow; rain or melted snow can be stored in the reservoir during the wet season to provide electricity during dry seasons. 


    Waterpower is distributed unevenly among the continents and nations of the world. Europe and North America have developed much of their waterpower. Asia, South America, and Africa have abundant waterpower potential, but while countries such as China and Brazil have become leading hydroelectric producers, much of the waterpower resource on those continents remains undeveloped. 



Elizabeth Lachner. Hydroelectricity. Rosen Publishing Group, 2018 (adapted). 

The expression “The roar of a waterfall” (first sentence of text 18A3-I), is more closely related to the sense of 
Alternativas
Q2380311 Inglês
Text II

UK Economy Forecast to Narrow GDP Gap with Germany by 2038 





Available at: https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/uk-economy-forecast-
-to-narrow-gdp-gap-with-germany-by-2038-1.2015577. Retrieved
on: Dec. 26, 2023. Adapted. 

According to the forecast in paragraph 5, one could affirm in Portuguese, that a economia brasileira terá uma boa colocação no ranking mundial.
That affirmation is correctly translated into English in
Alternativas
Q2380310 Inglês
Text II

UK Economy Forecast to Narrow GDP Gap with Germany by 2038 





Available at: https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/uk-economy-forecast-
-to-narrow-gdp-gap-with-germany-by-2038-1.2015577. Retrieved
on: Dec. 26, 2023. Adapted. 

In paragraph 2, the author states that: “GDP growth in the UK will settle between 1.6% and 1.8% in the period up until 2038, helping it retain its position as the world’s sixth-largest economy”.
The expression the world’s sixth-largest economy from that statement is correctly translated into Portuguese in
Alternativas
Q2380309 Inglês
Text I

How good is the U.S. economy? It’s beating pre-pandemic predictions.









Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/
2023/12/08/jobs-report-economy-beats-pandemic
predictions/. Retrieved on: Dec. 12, 2023. Adapted.
In the sentence “Maybe it’s human nature for people to view better jobs or pay as things they’ve earned, while a painful price increase is something inflicted upon them — even if both are, to some extent, two sides of the same coin.” (Text I, paragraph 7), the word both refers to  
Alternativas
Q2380308 Inglês
Text I

How good is the U.S. economy? It’s beating pre-pandemic predictions.









Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/
2023/12/08/jobs-report-economy-beats-pandemic
predictions/. Retrieved on: Dec. 12, 2023. Adapted.
In the sentence “I probably would have guessed the public would be pretty content” (Text I, paragraph 7), the expression pretty content can be rewritten, with no change in meaning, by
Alternativas
Q2380307 Inglês
Text I

How good is the U.S. economy? It’s beating pre-pandemic predictions.









Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/
2023/12/08/jobs-report-economy-beats-pandemic
predictions/. Retrieved on: Dec. 12, 2023. Adapted.
In the sentence “Forecasters obviously did not anticipate the pandemic” (Text I, paragraph 5) the term anticipate could be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
Alternativas
Q2380306 Inglês
Text I

How good is the U.S. economy? It’s beating pre-pandemic predictions.









Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/
2023/12/08/jobs-report-economy-beats-pandemic
predictions/. Retrieved on: Dec. 12, 2023. Adapted.
In Text I, in paragraph 4, one of the questions is “why did well-regarded professional forecasters underestimate the strength of the economy?”.
The expression well-regarded professional forecasters can be rewritten, with no change in meaning, as
Alternativas
Q2380305 Inglês
Text I

How good is the U.S. economy? It’s beating pre-pandemic predictions.









Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/
2023/12/08/jobs-report-economy-beats-pandemic
predictions/. Retrieved on: Dec. 12, 2023. Adapted.
According to Text I, 
Alternativas
Q2354798 Inglês

Concerning the text, judge the item.


The terms “However” (line 17) and “In addition” (lines 17 and 18) can be correctly replaced by Hence and Therefore, respectively

Alternativas
Q2354797 Inglês

Concerning the text, judge the item.


The adverb “often” (line 15) indicates something that happens not very frequently.

Alternativas
Q2354796 Inglês

Concerning the text, judge the item.


The subject pronoun in the sentence “It is designed to run, climb stairs, and kick a soccer ball” (lines 6 and 7) refers to ASIMO.

Alternativas
Q2354795 Inglês

Concerning the text, judge the item.


The expression “such as” (line 14) is used to introduce an example or a list of examples.

Alternativas
Q2354794 Inglês

Concerning the text, judge the item.


The term “they” (line 13) refers to robots from the previous sentence.

Alternativas
Q2354793 Inglês

Concerning the text, judge the item.


Yo Yo Ma is a famous robot that played in a concert in Detroit conducted by ASIMO.

Alternativas
Q2354792 Inglês

Concerning the text, judge the item.


ASIMO can do things related to sports and music. It can also recognize a human.

Alternativas
Q2354791 Inglês

Concerning the text, judge the item.


Everyone goes to the festival only to see ASIMO.

Alternativas
Respostas
61: C
62: A
63: D
64: B
65: B
66: B
67: E
68: E
69: B
70: B
71: A
72: D
73: E
74: E
75: C
76: C
77: C
78: E
79: C
80: E