Questões de Concurso Comentadas para fundepes

Uma das complicações mais devastadoras do diabetes mellitus é o “pé diabético”, responsável por 50 a 70% das amputações não traumáticas e 15 vezes mais frequentes entre indivíduos diabéticos, além de concorrer para 50% das internações hospitalares.    Considerando as orientações e cuidados gerais que os profissionais de saúde deverão transmitir aos pacientes diabéticos com “pé diabético”, analise as seguintes assertivas e assinale a CORRETA. 

O número binário 10011010₂, em que o bit mais à esquerda é o bit de sinal e adotado o sistema de complemento de 2, corresponde, em decimal, a

Conforme o manual on-line do sistema operacional Windows 10, são pontos motivadores de travamento nos computadores, exceto:

A operacionalização da Política Nacional de Humanização dá-se pela oferta de dispositivos, dentre os quais, destacamos o “Acolhimento”. Para a efetivação do acolhimento da pessoa idosa, os profissionais de saúde devem compreender as especificidades dessa população e a própria legislação brasileira vigente.    Considerando o acolhimento à pessoa idosa, os profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos, entre outros aspectos, para as especificidades dessa população.     Diante disso, analise as seguintes assertivas e assinale a INCORRETA.   

De acordo com o que consta na Lei nº 4.320 de 1964, assinale a alternativa correta: 

A Debate on Literature as a Teaching Material in FLT
Ferdows Aghagolzadeh
Department of General Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran Farzaneh Tajabadi (Corresponding Author)
Department of General linguistics, Faculty of Humanities,
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Email: [email protected]
Abstract — Teaching materials play an important role in most foreign language teaching programs. The number of studies on this subject bears ample testimony to the significance given by scholars in this regard. This article is a review on some reasons that scholars propose for the use of literature as a language teaching material in foreign language (FL) classes and compares favors and disfavors ideas in this regard. Among a welter of reasons which have been proffered by a variety of authors and can be considered as the merits of literature in FLT, this study focuses on authenticity, cultural/incultural understanding, critical thinking and language skills and expand them further. This paper argues that teaching literature enhances students’ cultural understanding, facilitates critical thinking and improves language skills and all of these advantages caused by the authentic nature of literature. Index Terms — literature, FLT, authenticity, critical thinking, cultural awareness, language skills
Introduction
Teaching materials play an important role in FL teaching programs. For this reason, teachers rely on a different range of materials to support their teaching and their students’ learning. In this regard, Seniro (2005) says “we need to have a clear pedagogic goal in mind: what precisely we want our students to learn from these materials” (p. 71). It is one of the self-evident things that, as a teacher of a Foreign Language, our main concern is to help learners acquire communicative competence. Savvidou (2004) points that communicative competence is more than acquiring mastery of structure and form, it also involves acquiring the ability to interpret discourse in all its social and cultural contexts. In this direction and in order to reach this lofty goal, Howard & Major (2004) propose ten guidelines for preparing teaching materials. They argue that these materials should: 1 - Be contextualized. 2 - Stimulate interaction and be generative in terms of language. 3 -Encourage learners to develop learning skills and strategies. 4 - Allow for a focus on form as well as function. 5 - Offer opportunities for integrated language use. 6 - Be authentic. 7 - Link to each other to develop a progression of skills, understanding and language items. 8- Be attractive. 9- Have appropriate instruction. 10- Be flexible. According to these different criteria, the main question is that if literature can be used as an appropriate material and if it can satisfy these factors. In this paper we try to show that literature is in agreement with these yardsticks.
Statement of problem
From time to time the need or value of teaching literature in the language class as a teaching material has been questioned. Using literature to teach second/foreign languages can be traced back to over one century ago, but in recent times (the middle of the 1980s) a renewed interest has emerged in the teaching of literature in the language class. This can be confirmed by seeing so many publications heralding the coming back of literature in language classes. Maley (2001) (cited in Khatib et al., 2011) argues that this attitude toward literature is due to a paucity of empirical research confirming the significance of literary input for language class. Notwithstanding the few controversial points regarding whether literature can be used to enhance the efficiency of language learning programs, the relevant literature abounds with the reasons why literary exploration can be beneficial in the language classroom. Researchers who advocate the use of literature to teach SL/FL list several benefits of it. For example, Lazar (1993) proposes six purposes or reasons for using literature in the language classroom as motivating material: access to cultural background, encouraging language acquisition, expanding students’ language awareness, developing students’ interpretative abilities and educating the whole person. Van (2009) also counts some advantages of using literature in the FL classroom as below: 1- It provides meaningful contexts; 2- It involves a profound range of vocabulary, dialogues and prose; 3- It appeals to imagination and enhances creativity; 4- It develops cultural awareness; 5- It encourages critical thinking; 6- It is in line with CLT (Communicative Language Teaching) principles. In sum, motivation, authenticity, cultural/intercultural awareness and globalization, intensive/extensive reading practice, sociolinguistic/pragmatic knowledge, grammar and vocabulary knowledge, language skills, emotional intelligence and critical thinking are the payoffs’ list of using literature in FL/SL classes (Khatib et al., 2011). However, some of these justifications or benefits are the subject of debate among scholars, and some experts have posited the possible potholes literature might cause in language class. However, Savvidou (2004) believes that the reasons why few experts often consider literature inappropriate to the language classroom may be found in the common beliefs held about literature and literary language, and these views reflect the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature, which has led to the limited role of literature in the language classroom. Since scholars are not unanimous about this subject, the purpose of this paper is to compare the different viewpoints (favors and disfavors), to reach a rational conclusion about using literature as an appropriate teaching material in FL class.
Ideas and discussion
Among a welter of reasons which have been proffered by a variety of authors, this study focuses on authenticity, cultural/incultural understanding, critical thinking and language skills and attempts to expand them further.
A. Authenticity
Authenticity is a criterion considered highly essential in the current literature in FLT (Khatib, et.al., 2011). A brief look at FL textbook topic contents reveals that they are fictions in a variety of ways. In other words, they are often unreal in the sense of relevance to the learners. The artificial nature of the language and structures used makes them very unlike anything that the learner will encounter in the real world and very often they don’t reflect how the language is really used. Berado (2006) states: “one of the main reasons for using authentic materials in the classroom is once outside the safe, controlled language learning environment, the learner will not encounter the artificial language of classroom, but the real world and language how it is really used”. According to Wallace (1992), authentic texts are “real life texts, not written for pedagogic purposes” (p.145). Peacock (1997) says the purpose of producing this material is to fulfill some social purpose in the language community. Berado (2006) writes the sources of authentic materials that can be used in the FL class are infinite and proposes four factors worth taking into consideration when choosing authentic material for the classroom. These factors are: suitability of content, exploitability, readability and presentation. He believes that the main advantages of using authentic materials in the classroom include: 1 - Having a positive effect on student motivation; 2 - Giving authentic cultural information; 3 - Exposing students to real language; 4 - Relating more closely to students’ needs; 5 - Supporting a more creative approach to teaching. Cruz (2010) believes that literature as aesthetic recreation can be considered a much more “authentic” source and can inspire more authority in the use and enrichment of language. He says “literature can be regarded as a rich source of authentic material, because it conveys two features in its written text: one is “language in use‟, that is, the employment of linguistics by those who have mastered it into a fashion intended for native speakers; the second is an aesthetic representation of the spoken language, which is meant to recover or represent language within a certain cultural context”. Literature as the authentic material imparts the diverse forms and functions of written language (Hadaway, 2002). These are what makes us excited and willing to use authentic materials in EFL class, but opponents believe that while using them, it is inevitable that we face some problems. Martinez (2002) (cited in Berardo, 2006) writes the negative aspects of authentic materials are that they can be too culturally biased, often a good knowledge of cultural background is required when reading, as well as that too many structures are mixed, causing lower level problems when decoding the texts. If we summarize the focal points of this discussion, we can say that arguably more important than the provision of authentic texts is authenticity in terms of the tasks which learners are required to perform with them. From what was said we can conclude that the use of literary text as an authentic material, from the language teaching point of view, will be useful because these texts show how language works in contexts. Furthermore, they show how language should be used in which condition and situation.
Available at: <https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu. documents>. Accessed on: February 18th, 2019 (Edited).
According to the article,

Tendo como referência o Decreto nº 7.611/2011, que dispõe sobre a educação especial e o atendimento educacional especializado (AEE), assinale a alternativa incorreta.

O tipo de conector do equipamento de áudio também determina a qualidade da captação e a transmissão do áudio.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta o conector MAIS ADEQUADO para se obter uma qualidade máxima de captação de áudio.

No âmbito da Atenção Básica a Saúde, são atribuições comuns a todos os profissionais de saúde, EXCETO:

A Debate on Literature as a Teaching Material in FLT
Ferdows Aghagolzadeh
Department of General Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran Farzaneh Tajabadi (Corresponding Author)
Department of General linguistics, Faculty of Humanities,
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Email: [email protected]
Abstract — Teaching materials play an important role in most foreign language teaching programs. The number of studies on this subject bears ample testimony to the significance given by scholars in this regard. This article is a review on some reasons that scholars propose for the use of literature as a language teaching material in foreign language (FL) classes and compares favors and disfavors ideas in this regard. Among a welter of reasons which have been proffered by a variety of authors and can be considered as the merits of literature in FLT, this study focuses on authenticity, cultural/incultural understanding, critical thinking and language skills and expand them further. This paper argues that teaching literature enhances students’ cultural understanding, facilitates critical thinking and improves language skills and all of these advantages caused by the authentic nature of literature. Index Terms — literature, FLT, authenticity, critical thinking, cultural awareness, language skills
Introduction
Teaching materials play an important role in FL teaching programs. For this reason, teachers rely on a different range of materials to support their teaching and their students’ learning. In this regard, Seniro (2005) says “we need to have a clear pedagogic goal in mind: what precisely we want our students to learn from these materials” (p. 71). It is one of the self-evident things that, as a teacher of a Foreign Language, our main concern is to help learners acquire communicative competence. Savvidou (2004) points that communicative competence is more than acquiring mastery of structure and form, it also involves acquiring the ability to interpret discourse in all its social and cultural contexts. In this direction and in order to reach this lofty goal, Howard & Major (2004) propose ten guidelines for preparing teaching materials. They argue that these materials should: 1 - Be contextualized. 2 - Stimulate interaction and be generative in terms of language. 3 -Encourage learners to develop learning skills and strategies. 4 - Allow for a focus on form as well as function. 5 - Offer opportunities for integrated language use. 6 - Be authentic. 7 - Link to each other to develop a progression of skills, understanding and language items. 8- Be attractive. 9- Have appropriate instruction. 10- Be flexible. According to these different criteria, the main question is that if literature can be used as an appropriate material and if it can satisfy these factors. In this paper we try to show that literature is in agreement with these yardsticks.
Statement of problem
From time to time the need or value of teaching literature in the language class as a teaching material has been questioned. Using literature to teach second/foreign languages can be traced back to over one century ago, but in recent times (the middle of the 1980s) a renewed interest has emerged in the teaching of literature in the language class. This can be confirmed by seeing so many publications heralding the coming back of literature in language classes. Maley (2001) (cited in Khatib et al., 2011) argues that this attitude toward literature is due to a paucity of empirical research confirming the significance of literary input for language class. Notwithstanding the few controversial points regarding whether literature can be used to enhance the efficiency of language learning programs, the relevant literature abounds with the reasons why literary exploration can be beneficial in the language classroom. Researchers who advocate the use of literature to teach SL/FL list several benefits of it. For example, Lazar (1993) proposes six purposes or reasons for using literature in the language classroom as motivating material: access to cultural background, encouraging language acquisition, expanding students’ language awareness, developing students’ interpretative abilities and educating the whole person. Van (2009) also counts some advantages of using literature in the FL classroom as below: 1- It provides meaningful contexts; 2- It involves a profound range of vocabulary, dialogues and prose; 3- It appeals to imagination and enhances creativity; 4- It develops cultural awareness; 5- It encourages critical thinking; 6- It is in line with CLT (Communicative Language Teaching) principles. In sum, motivation, authenticity, cultural/intercultural awareness and globalization, intensive/extensive reading practice, sociolinguistic/pragmatic knowledge, grammar and vocabulary knowledge, language skills, emotional intelligence and critical thinking are the payoffs’ list of using literature in FL/SL classes (Khatib et al., 2011). However, some of these justifications or benefits are the subject of debate among scholars, and some experts have posited the possible potholes literature might cause in language class. However, Savvidou (2004) believes that the reasons why few experts often consider literature inappropriate to the language classroom may be found in the common beliefs held about literature and literary language, and these views reflect the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature, which has led to the limited role of literature in the language classroom. Since scholars are not unanimous about this subject, the purpose of this paper is to compare the different viewpoints (favors and disfavors), to reach a rational conclusion about using literature as an appropriate teaching material in FL class.
Ideas and discussion
Among a welter of reasons which have been proffered by a variety of authors, this study focuses on authenticity, cultural/incultural understanding, critical thinking and language skills and attempts to expand them further.
A. Authenticity
Authenticity is a criterion considered highly essential in the current literature in FLT (Khatib, et.al., 2011). A brief look at FL textbook topic contents reveals that they are fictions in a variety of ways. In other words, they are often unreal in the sense of relevance to the learners. The artificial nature of the language and structures used makes them very unlike anything that the learner will encounter in the real world and very often they don’t reflect how the language is really used. Berado (2006) states: “one of the main reasons for using authentic materials in the classroom is once outside the safe, controlled language learning environment, the learner will not encounter the artificial language of classroom, but the real world and language how it is really used”. According to Wallace (1992), authentic texts are “real life texts, not written for pedagogic purposes” (p.145). Peacock (1997) says the purpose of producing this material is to fulfill some social purpose in the language community. Berado (2006) writes the sources of authentic materials that can be used in the FL class are infinite and proposes four factors worth taking into consideration when choosing authentic material for the classroom. These factors are: suitability of content, exploitability, readability and presentation. He believes that the main advantages of using authentic materials in the classroom include: 1 - Having a positive effect on student motivation; 2 - Giving authentic cultural information; 3 - Exposing students to real language; 4 - Relating more closely to students’ needs; 5 - Supporting a more creative approach to teaching. Cruz (2010) believes that literature as aesthetic recreation can be considered a much more “authentic” source and can inspire more authority in the use and enrichment of language. He says “literature can be regarded as a rich source of authentic material, because it conveys two features in its written text: one is “language in use‟, that is, the employment of linguistics by those who have mastered it into a fashion intended for native speakers; the second is an aesthetic representation of the spoken language, which is meant to recover or represent language within a certain cultural context”. Literature as the authentic material imparts the diverse forms and functions of written language (Hadaway, 2002). These are what makes us excited and willing to use authentic materials in EFL class, but opponents believe that while using them, it is inevitable that we face some problems. Martinez (2002) (cited in Berardo, 2006) writes the negative aspects of authentic materials are that they can be too culturally biased, often a good knowledge of cultural background is required when reading, as well as that too many structures are mixed, causing lower level problems when decoding the texts. If we summarize the focal points of this discussion, we can say that arguably more important than the provision of authentic texts is authenticity in terms of the tasks which learners are required to perform with them. From what was said we can conclude that the use of literary text as an authentic material, from the language teaching point of view, will be useful because these texts show how language works in contexts. Furthermore, they show how language should be used in which condition and situation.
Available at: <https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu. documents>. Accessed on: February 18th, 2019 (Edited).
According to one argument in the text, most foreign language textbooks contain

Considere que, durante a consulta médica na Unidade Básica de Saúde, um senhor de 60 anos de idade, diabético, queixou-se de tremores, tontura, sudorese e taquicardia. Diante das queixas, foi solicitado que um técnico de enfermagem realizasse o teste de glicemia capilar no paciente. O resultado do exame foi de 57 mg/dL. Conclui-se que o paciente apresentava 

Analise as seguintes afirmativas sobre a NBR ISO 9001:2008 e assinale com V as verdadeiras e com F as falsas.
(   ) As pessoas que executam atividades que afetam a conformidade com os requisitos do produto devem ser competentes com base em educação, treinamento, habilidade e experiência apropriados.
(   ) A organização deve manter registros apropriados da avaliação de eficácia dos treinamentos necessários para atingir a competência necessária das pessoas que executam trabalhos que afetam a conformidade do produto.
(   ) A empresa construtora deve determinar e gerenciar as condições do ambiente de trabalho necessárias para a obtenção da conformidade com os requisitos do produto.
(   ) A organização deve prover recursos para aumentar a satisfação do cliente mediante o atendimento aos seus requisitos
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA.

Analise as afirmativas sobre a aba Layout da Página do MS Word 2010.
I. Permite configurar as margens de um documento. II. Permite dividir o texto em duas ou mais colunas. III. Permite incluir quebras de páginas ou de seção.
A partir da análise, conclui-se que estão CORRETAS.

A Debate on Literature as a Teaching Material in FLT
Ferdows Aghagolzadeh
Department of General Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran Farzaneh Tajabadi (Corresponding Author)
Department of General linguistics, Faculty of Humanities,
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Email: [email protected]
Abstract — Teaching materials play an important role in most foreign language teaching programs. The number of studies on this subject bears ample testimony to the significance given by scholars in this regard. This article is a review on some reasons that scholars propose for the use of literature as a language teaching material in foreign language (FL) classes and compares favors and disfavors ideas in this regard. Among a welter of reasons which have been proffered by a variety of authors and can be considered as the merits of literature in FLT, this study focuses on authenticity, cultural/incultural understanding, critical thinking and language skills and expand them further. This paper argues that teaching literature enhances students’ cultural understanding, facilitates critical thinking and improves language skills and all of these advantages caused by the authentic nature of literature. Index Terms — literature, FLT, authenticity, critical thinking, cultural awareness, language skills
Introduction
Teaching materials play an important role in FL teaching programs. For this reason, teachers rely on a different range of materials to support their teaching and their students’ learning. In this regard, Seniro (2005) says “we need to have a clear pedagogic goal in mind: what precisely we want our students to learn from these materials” (p. 71). It is one of the self-evident things that, as a teacher of a Foreign Language, our main concern is to help learners acquire communicative competence. Savvidou (2004) points that communicative competence is more than acquiring mastery of structure and form, it also involves acquiring the ability to interpret discourse in all its social and cultural contexts. In this direction and in order to reach this lofty goal, Howard & Major (2004) propose ten guidelines for preparing teaching materials. They argue that these materials should: 1 - Be contextualized. 2 - Stimulate interaction and be generative in terms of language. 3 -Encourage learners to develop learning skills and strategies. 4 - Allow for a focus on form as well as function. 5 - Offer opportunities for integrated language use. 6 - Be authentic. 7 - Link to each other to develop a progression of skills, understanding and language items. 8- Be attractive. 9- Have appropriate instruction. 10- Be flexible. According to these different criteria, the main question is that if literature can be used as an appropriate material and if it can satisfy these factors. In this paper we try to show that literature is in agreement with these yardsticks.
Statement of problem
From time to time the need or value of teaching literature in the language class as a teaching material has been questioned. Using literature to teach second/foreign languages can be traced back to over one century ago, but in recent times (the middle of the 1980s) a renewed interest has emerged in the teaching of literature in the language class. This can be confirmed by seeing so many publications heralding the coming back of literature in language classes. Maley (2001) (cited in Khatib et al., 2011) argues that this attitude toward literature is due to a paucity of empirical research confirming the significance of literary input for language class. Notwithstanding the few controversial points regarding whether literature can be used to enhance the efficiency of language learning programs, the relevant literature abounds with the reasons why literary exploration can be beneficial in the language classroom. Researchers who advocate the use of literature to teach SL/FL list several benefits of it. For example, Lazar (1993) proposes six purposes or reasons for using literature in the language classroom as motivating material: access to cultural background, encouraging language acquisition, expanding students’ language awareness, developing students’ interpretative abilities and educating the whole person. Van (2009) also counts some advantages of using literature in the FL classroom as below: 1- It provides meaningful contexts; 2- It involves a profound range of vocabulary, dialogues and prose; 3- It appeals to imagination and enhances creativity; 4- It develops cultural awareness; 5- It encourages critical thinking; 6- It is in line with CLT (Communicative Language Teaching) principles. In sum, motivation, authenticity, cultural/intercultural awareness and globalization, intensive/extensive reading practice, sociolinguistic/pragmatic knowledge, grammar and vocabulary knowledge, language skills, emotional intelligence and critical thinking are the payoffs’ list of using literature in FL/SL classes (Khatib et al., 2011). However, some of these justifications or benefits are the subject of debate among scholars, and some experts have posited the possible potholes literature might cause in language class. However, Savvidou (2004) believes that the reasons why few experts often consider literature inappropriate to the language classroom may be found in the common beliefs held about literature and literary language, and these views reflect the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature, which has led to the limited role of literature in the language classroom. Since scholars are not unanimous about this subject, the purpose of this paper is to compare the different viewpoints (favors and disfavors), to reach a rational conclusion about using literature as an appropriate teaching material in FL class.
Ideas and discussion
Among a welter of reasons which have been proffered by a variety of authors, this study focuses on authenticity, cultural/incultural understanding, critical thinking and language skills and attempts to expand them further.
A. Authenticity
Authenticity is a criterion considered highly essential in the current literature in FLT (Khatib, et.al., 2011). A brief look at FL textbook topic contents reveals that they are fictions in a variety of ways. In other words, they are often unreal in the sense of relevance to the learners. The artificial nature of the language and structures used makes them very unlike anything that the learner will encounter in the real world and very often they don’t reflect how the language is really used. Berado (2006) states: “one of the main reasons for using authentic materials in the classroom is once outside the safe, controlled language learning environment, the learner will not encounter the artificial language of classroom, but the real world and language how it is really used”. According to Wallace (1992), authentic texts are “real life texts, not written for pedagogic purposes” (p.145). Peacock (1997) says the purpose of producing this material is to fulfill some social purpose in the language community. Berado (2006) writes the sources of authentic materials that can be used in the FL class are infinite and proposes four factors worth taking into consideration when choosing authentic material for the classroom. These factors are: suitability of content, exploitability, readability and presentation. He believes that the main advantages of using authentic materials in the classroom include: 1 - Having a positive effect on student motivation; 2 - Giving authentic cultural information; 3 - Exposing students to real language; 4 - Relating more closely to students’ needs; 5 - Supporting a more creative approach to teaching. Cruz (2010) believes that literature as aesthetic recreation can be considered a much more “authentic” source and can inspire more authority in the use and enrichment of language. He says “literature can be regarded as a rich source of authentic material, because it conveys two features in its written text: one is “language in use‟, that is, the employment of linguistics by those who have mastered it into a fashion intended for native speakers; the second is an aesthetic representation of the spoken language, which is meant to recover or represent language within a certain cultural context”. Literature as the authentic material imparts the diverse forms and functions of written language (Hadaway, 2002). These are what makes us excited and willing to use authentic materials in EFL class, but opponents believe that while using them, it is inevitable that we face some problems. Martinez (2002) (cited in Berardo, 2006) writes the negative aspects of authentic materials are that they can be too culturally biased, often a good knowledge of cultural background is required when reading, as well as that too many structures are mixed, causing lower level problems when decoding the texts. If we summarize the focal points of this discussion, we can say that arguably more important than the provision of authentic texts is authenticity in terms of the tasks which learners are required to perform with them. From what was said we can conclude that the use of literary text as an authentic material, from the language teaching point of view, will be useful because these texts show how language works in contexts. Furthermore, they show how language should be used in which condition and situation.
Available at: <https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu. documents>. Accessed on: February 18th, 2019 (Edited).
The scarce use of literary texts in language classroom is due to the

Indique o recurso obtido pela criptografia em que NÃO deverá ser possível ao emissor negar a autoria da mensagem.

Afastadores são instrumentos para afastamento das bordas de incisão, de estruturas teciduais e órgãos externos para expor adequadamente e facilitar o acesso à região a ser operada.
São exemplos de afastadores, EXCETO:

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a correlação entre o prefixo e o órgão associada CORRETAMENTE.

Considere uma situação em que, para restaurar os dados, vai-se precisar de uma fita do backup total e da fita diferencial mais recente para executar uma restauração completa do sistema.
Nesse caso, o tipo de backup realizado foi

Desigualdade social e gravidez na adolescência O número de meninas adolescentes com filhos diminuiu na última década. Mesmo assim, continua alto. Os dados são da Síntese de Indicadores Sociais 2015, divulgada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) no último dia 4/12. Em 2004, de cada mil mulheres de 15 a 19 anos, 78,8 tinham ao menos um filho, o que significava 18,4% da taxa de fecundidade total. Em 2014, esse número caiu para 60,5, representando 17,4% da taxa de fecundidade total. Portanto, de cada cinco partos, quase um é realizado em uma mãe adolescente. Apesar da queda, o número de adolescentes com filhos no Brasil ainda é bem maior do que na Europa (16,2 por mil meninas) e nos EUA (28,3 por mil), mas próximo do nível observado na América Latina e Caribe (66,5 por mil) e mais baixo que o da África (98,5 por mil). Entre as jovens dessa faixa etária que não tinham filhos em 2014, 40,4% residiam na região Sudeste e 56,3% se declaravam pretas ou pardas. A média de anos de estudo era de 8,9 anos; 73,7% ainda estudavam; e 14,7% não estudavam nem trabalhavam. Das meninas que tinham ao menos um filho, 35,8% moravam no Nordeste e 69% se declaravam pretas ou pardas. A média de escolaridade era de 7,7 anos (85% não completaram o ensino médio); somente 20,1 ainda estudavam; 59,7% não estudavam nem trabalhavam; e 92,5% cuidavam dos afazeres domésticos por uma média de 27,1 horas semanais. A taxa de adolescentes com filhos mostra uma faceta conhecida dos brasileiros: a desigualdade social. Os dados revelam que a maioria das mães adolescentes tem poucos anos de escolaridade, é negra e vive nas regiões menos economicamente desenvolvidas do país. São vários os fatores que levam as meninas a engravidar em uma fase da vida em que deveriam se preocupar com os estudos e em aproveitar a juventude. Muitas têm conhecimento acerca dos métodos contraceptivos, mas ignoram como utilizá-los corretamente. Assim, acabam usando o anticoncepcional de forma errada, o que torna sua eficácia reduzida. Há regiões em que o acesso a esses métodos é precário. Nem todo posto de saúde oferece contraceptivos, entre eles a pílula do dia seguinte. Com acesso limitado, menos informações e a dificuldade comum às meninas muito novas em aderir a métodos que exigem regularidade de uso, a contracepção, muitas vezes, falha. Essas adolescentes também têm baixa perspectiva em relação à escolaridade e à futura inserção no mercado de trabalho. Com isso, o papel social que lhes sobra é o de mãe. Como fazer para essas adolescentes não terem filhos tão cedo e, com isso, traçarem um caminho que as afaste completamente da escola e de uma vida profissional com expectativas melhores? Nossa sociedade conhece a resposta, embora não nos empenhemos em aplicá-la da mesma forma que fazemos com as meninas das classes mais favorecidas. Em primeiro lugar, oferecemos às meninas mais ricas uma educação de melhor qualidade, que lhes permite criar expectativas em relação ao futuro. Assim, sonhos e planos como viajar, entrar em uma faculdade, conhecer outras culturas e pessoas, aprender novas habilidades e montar a própria casa antecedem o desejo da maternidade. Quando essas meninas entram em idade fértil, conversamos com elas sobre sexo e as levamos ao ginecologista, que passa a acompanhá-las e orientá-las na escolha do melhor método anticoncepcional, a que certamente terão acesso. Se os métodos por acaso falharem, pagamos-lhes o aborto em clínicas onde elas podem contar com médicos que lhes garantam segurança. Para as mulheres de classe social mais alta, a criminalização do aborto pode ser resolvida com dinheiro. Elas não se sentem socialmente pressionadas a engravidar; suas amigas não têm filhos e a elas estão destinados vários papéis sociais que não os de mãe. Com um ou mais filhos nos braços, as meninas de classes sociais mais baixas que mal saíram da infância não conseguem dar seguimento aos estudos, tampouco melhorar as condições de vida da família. Acabam destinadas ao serviço doméstico, sem que essa tenha sido necessariamente sua escolha. Para as mulheres mais ricas, a maternidade é, na maioria das vezes, uma escolha e não um destino do qual não se pode fugir. Por que aceitamos condenar as mais pobres a uma realidade que evitamos para nossas filhas? Todos deveriam ter direito de exercer sua sexualidade e decidir quando e quantos filhos desejam ter, e contar com o acesso a métodos que lhe assegurassem esse direito. Uma sociedade que nega a garantia dos direitos reprodutivos a todas as mulheres em idade fértil, sem exceção, deveria no mínimo envergonhar-se. VARELLA, Mariana Fusco. Desigualdade social e gravidez na adolescência. Drauzio Varella. 22 dez. 2015. Disponível em: <http://zip.net/bqtcgw>. Acesso em: 22 abr. 2016 (Adaptação).
São ideias que estão presentes no texto, EXCETO:

Sobre as relações entre as etapas do Processo de Enfermagem no cuidado ao paciente criticamente enfermo, assinale a alternativa INCORRETA.