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I. As teorias críticas enfatizam aspectos como a ideologia, a reprodução cultural e social, as relações de poder. II. As teorias pós-críticas denunciam o multiculturalismo presente no currículo. III. As teorias tradicionais enfatizam o ensino, a aprendizagem, a avaliação, os procedimentos metodológicos, o planejamento etc. IV. As teorias tradicionais consideram-se neutras e desinteressadas. V. As teorias críticas argumentam que toda teoria implica relações de poder.
I. O pensamento curricular pós-estruturalista fundamenta-se na teoria foucaultiana e pressupõe uma formação, entre outros aspectos que considera as demandas imediatas dos indivíduos, das suas culturas e das suas relações de poder adstritas às estruturas de governamentabilidade. II. O pós-estruturalismo constitui-se em uma perspectiva que toma como referência psicológica as metanarrativas da escola de Vigotski e defende intransigentemente o fundamento ontológico e gnosiológico da atividade vital consciente da realidade objetiva como condição inexorável para o salto do ser natural para o ser social. III. A teoria curricular histórico-crítica fundamenta-se na pedagogia liberal e vincula-se às pedagogias aglutinadas em torno do lema “aprender a aprender” que também podem ser nominadas e pedagogias pós-modernas e são conhecidas como: pedagogia construtivista, pedagogia multiculturalista, pedagogia dos projetos, teoria do professor reflexivo e pedagogia das competências. IV. A teoria curricular histórico-crítica forma-se a partir dos trabalhos do teórico brasileiro Dermeval Saviani e toma como referência a filosofia dialética materialista e histórica, que defende o conhecimento como método de apropriação de realidade num caminho que vai da síncrese à síntese, pela mediação da análise e, por sua vez, propicia a genericidade humana em um processo de elevação que ocorre da anomia à autonomia, pela mediação da hetoronomia.
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the sentence that best shows how the second comic strip would be correctly reported is:
It can be inferred from the text reading that
the modal verb could can be replaced,
observing the precedent sentences and without any
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Chile Violence Continues Despite Government's Retreat on Fare Hike
By Eva Vergara
(SANTIAGO, Chile) — Protests and violence in Chile spilled over into a new day and raged into Sunday night despite the president cancelling a subway fare hike that has prompted violent demonstrations.
Officials in the Santiago region said three people died in fires at two looted supermarkets early Sunday — among 60 Walmart-owned outlets that have been vandalized, and the company said many stores did not open during the day. Five more people later were found dead in the basement of a burned warehouse and were not employees, authorities said.
At least two airlines cancelled or rescheduled flights into the capital, affecting more than 1,400 passengers Sunday and Monday.
President Sebastián Piñera, facing the worst crisis of his second term as head of the South American country, announced Saturday night that he was cancelling a subway fare hike imposed two weeks ago. The fare boost touched off major protests that included rioting that caused millions of dollars in damage to burned buses and vandalized subway stops, office buildings and stores.
After meeting with the heads of the legislature and judicial system Sunday, Piñera said they discussed solutions to the current crisis and that he aims “to reduce excessive inequalities, inequities abuses, that persist in our society.”
Jaime Quintana, president of the Senate, said that “the political world must take responsibility for how we have come to this situation.”
Authorities said 10,500 soldiers and police officers were patrolling the streets in Santiago as state of emergency and curfew remained in effect for six Chilean cities, but protests continued during the day. Security forces used tear gas and jets of water to try disperse crowds.
Interior Minister Andrés Chadwick reported that 62 police officers and 11 civilians were injured in the latest disturbances and prosecutors said nearly 1,500 people had been arrested. He said late Sunday that there had been more than 70 “serious events” during the day, including more than 40 incidents of looting.
With transportation frozen, Cynthia Cordero said she had walked 20 blocks to reach a pharmacy to buy diapers, only to find it had been burned.
“They don’t have the right to do this,” she said, adding it was right to protest “against the abuses, the increases in fares, against bad education and an undignified pension, but not to destroy.”
Long lines formed at gas stations as people tried to fill up for a coming workweek with a public transport system disrupted by the destructive protests. Santiago’s subway, which carries an average of 2.4 million riders on a weekday, had been shut down since Friday.
Subway system chief Louis De Grange said
workers would try to have at least one line running
Monday, but he said it could take weeks or months
to have the four others back in service. He said 85
stations and more than three-fourths of the system
had been severely damaged.
Chile Violence Continues Despite Government's Retreat on Fare Hike
By Eva Vergara
(SANTIAGO, Chile) — Protests and violence in Chile spilled over into a new day and raged into Sunday night despite the president cancelling a subway fare hike that has prompted violent demonstrations.
Officials in the Santiago region said three people died in fires at two looted supermarkets early Sunday — among 60 Walmart-owned outlets that have been vandalized, and the company said many stores did not open during the day. Five more people later were found dead in the basement of a burned warehouse and were not employees, authorities said.
At least two airlines cancelled or rescheduled flights into the capital, affecting more than 1,400 passengers Sunday and Monday.
President Sebastián Piñera, facing the worst crisis of his second term as head of the South American country, announced Saturday night that he was cancelling a subway fare hike imposed two weeks ago. The fare boost touched off major protests that included rioting that caused millions of dollars in damage to burned buses and vandalized subway stops, office buildings and stores.
After meeting with the heads of the legislature and judicial system Sunday, Piñera said they discussed solutions to the current crisis and that he aims “to reduce excessive inequalities, inequities abuses, that persist in our society.”
Jaime Quintana, president of the Senate, said that “the political world must take responsibility for how we have come to this situation.”
Authorities said 10,500 soldiers and police officers were patrolling the streets in Santiago as state of emergency and curfew remained in effect for six Chilean cities, but protests continued during the day. Security forces used tear gas and jets of water to try disperse crowds.
Interior Minister Andrés Chadwick reported that 62 police officers and 11 civilians were injured in the latest disturbances and prosecutors said nearly 1,500 people had been arrested. He said late Sunday that there had been more than 70 “serious events” during the day, including more than 40 incidents of looting.
With transportation frozen, Cynthia Cordero said she had walked 20 blocks to reach a pharmacy to buy diapers, only to find it had been burned.
“They don’t have the right to do this,” she said, adding it was right to protest “against the abuses, the increases in fares, against bad education and an undignified pension, but not to destroy.”
Long lines formed at gas stations as people tried to fill up for a coming workweek with a public transport system disrupted by the destructive protests. Santiago’s subway, which carries an average of 2.4 million riders on a weekday, had been shut down since Friday.
Subway system chief Louis De Grange said
workers would try to have at least one line running
Monday, but he said it could take weeks or months
to have the four others back in service. He said 85
stations and more than three-fourths of the system
had been severely damaged.
Chile Violence Continues Despite Government's Retreat on Fare Hike
By Eva Vergara
(SANTIAGO, Chile) — Protests and violence in Chile spilled over into a new day and raged into Sunday night despite the president cancelling a subway fare hike that has prompted violent demonstrations.
Officials in the Santiago region said three people died in fires at two looted supermarkets early Sunday — among 60 Walmart-owned outlets that have been vandalized, and the company said many stores did not open during the day. Five more people later were found dead in the basement of a burned warehouse and were not employees, authorities said.
At least two airlines cancelled or rescheduled flights into the capital, affecting more than 1,400 passengers Sunday and Monday.
President Sebastián Piñera, facing the worst crisis of his second term as head of the South American country, announced Saturday night that he was cancelling a subway fare hike imposed two weeks ago. The fare boost touched off major protests that included rioting that caused millions of dollars in damage to burned buses and vandalized subway stops, office buildings and stores.
After meeting with the heads of the legislature and judicial system Sunday, Piñera said they discussed solutions to the current crisis and that he aims “to reduce excessive inequalities, inequities abuses, that persist in our society.”
Jaime Quintana, president of the Senate, said that “the political world must take responsibility for how we have come to this situation.”
Authorities said 10,500 soldiers and police officers were patrolling the streets in Santiago as state of emergency and curfew remained in effect for six Chilean cities, but protests continued during the day. Security forces used tear gas and jets of water to try disperse crowds.
Interior Minister Andrés Chadwick reported that 62 police officers and 11 civilians were injured in the latest disturbances and prosecutors said nearly 1,500 people had been arrested. He said late Sunday that there had been more than 70 “serious events” during the day, including more than 40 incidents of looting.
With transportation frozen, Cynthia Cordero said she had walked 20 blocks to reach a pharmacy to buy diapers, only to find it had been burned.
“They don’t have the right to do this,” she said, adding it was right to protest “against the abuses, the increases in fares, against bad education and an undignified pension, but not to destroy.”
Long lines formed at gas stations as people tried to fill up for a coming workweek with a public transport system disrupted by the destructive protests. Santiago’s subway, which carries an average of 2.4 million riders on a weekday, had been shut down since Friday.
Subway system chief Louis De Grange said
workers would try to have at least one line running
Monday, but he said it could take weeks or months
to have the four others back in service. He said 85
stations and more than three-fourths of the system
had been severely damaged.
O texto se refere à busca de apoio popular por meio de medidas e ações que melhorasse tal camada. Analisando o texto acima, podemos associá-lo a estrutura política
Como a escrita não era de acesso a todos na Grécia antiga, o poder de argumentação e do convencimento por meio da oralidade tornou-se fundamental para a própria prática dos direitos políticos. Tal prática pode ser associada à
CAMPOS, Flávio; CLARO, Regina. A Escrita da História. Escala Educacional. São Paulo, 2009
O texto demonstra a organização do sistema republicano romano, instaurado no séc. VI a. C. Para aquela sociedade, a noção de República pode ser traduzida como
Considere os textos.
TEXTO I
“Quando vem combate é vergonhoso para o chefe que o excedam em valor e vergonhoso para os companheiros não igualar esse valor do chefe. É até uma infâmia (...) sair de um combate sobrevivendo a seu chefe: o primeiro dever é defendê-lo, protegê-lo (...); lutam pela vitória, pelo chefe (lutam) os companheiros”.
TÁCITO.
TEXTO II
“O sacerdote, tendo-se posto em contato com
Clóvis, levou-o pouco a pouco e secretamente a
acreditar no verdadeiro Deus, criador do Céu e da
Terra, e a renunciar aos ídolos, que não lhe podiam
ser de qualquer ajuda, nem a ele nem a ninguém [...]
O rei, tendo pois confessado um Deus todo-poderoso na Trindade, foi batizado em nome do
Pai, do Filho e do Espírito Santo e ungido do santo
Crisma com o sinal-da-cruz. Mais de três mil
homens do seu exército foram igualmente batizados
[...].”
São Gregório de Tours. A conversão de Clóvis. Historiae Eclesiasticae Francorum. Apud PEDRERO-SÁNCHES, M.G., História da Idade Média. Textos e testemunhas. SP: Ed. Unesp, 2000, p. 44-45.
Os textos revelam elementos da cultura germana e
romana presentes no feudalismo. São eles,
respectivamente, o
Considere os textos.
TEXTO I
[...] Com efeito, a lei previa uma pena de exílio temporário fixada em dez anos, aplicável a quem parecesse suscetível de instaurar uma tirania em proveito próprio. Com as mãos erguidas, o povo votava e decidia a conveniência de uma ostrakophoria. Uma segunda votação, esta secreta, indicava aquele que a opinião popular considerava perigoso. A primeira vítima foi um tal Hiparcos, que Aristóteles reputava como “amigo dos tiranos”. (...) os inúmeros ostraka, que chegaram até nós, demonstram que nenhum político ateniense escapou à desconfiança popular.
MOSSÉ, C. Atenas: a história de uma democracia. 3. ed. Brasília: Universidade de Brasília, 1997, p. 23.
TEXTO II
Os textos revelam entre os gregos a prática do
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