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Para a historiografia, a forma mais importante de produzir riqueza em toda a sociedade grega foi por meio do trabalho, presente em toda cadeia produtiva. Esse arcabouço produtivo de riqueza material e cultural foi baseado, principalmente, no trabalho dos:
De acordo com a historiografia, no auge de Atenas, formou-se uma aliança de natureza política e militar da Pólis grega em torno do Mar Egeu, com o objetivo de se proteger das invasões persas, formada por mais de cem membros. Qual era o nome dessa aliança?
In the cartoon below there is a man selling ice-cream, and a sign on his stand that says “The end is near, have a cone”. The word “cone” is countable, and that is why it was preceded by an indefinite article. What would be the correct form if we added “ice-cream” before “cone”?
Source: @newyorkercartoons
Analise as assertivas a seguir, considerando os fatores que envolvem a queda da monarquia e as transformações econômicas e sociais no período arcaico da Grécia Antiga:
I. As transformações sociais da Grécia não foram acompanhadas pelas transformações políticas. Esse deslocamento social da política só foi possível porque os reis passaram a ocupar os lugares da Aristocracia no centro do poder.
II. Com os governos administrados por um órgão executivo, as transformações sociais e políticas caminharam juntas. Portanto, essa jornada possibilitou aos arcontes exercerem diversas funções administrativas, tanto nas áreas jurídicas quanto na militar e religiosa.
III. No centro do poder, a aristocracia ocupou o lugar do rei, tornando os governos em um monopólio exclusivo da nobreza. Portanto, com os nobres no poder, houve uma crise na estrutura social e política nesse período histórico.
IV. Esse período grego foi palco de uma crise de alimentos no qual, para suprir essa escassez, foram criadas colônias nas regiões férteis do mar negro, propiciando o surgimento de uma nova camada social: a dos proprietários de terras.
Quais estão corretas?
Instruction: answer questions 48 and 49 based on the text below.
Laura’s testimony about adopting Charley
01 ____We adopted Charley in January of 2019. She was from Texas and had been in a shelter for
02 months before we found her. She ____ my first adult rescue and the most incredible dog I ____
03 ever met. She adores people, loves the snow, and ____ give you the biggest smiles you ____
04 ever seen. She loves ____ next to you and bring you her toys. When we adopted Charley, we
05 didn't know she has some dog reactivity. It was a challenge because we had another dog at the
06 time. We’ve been working on this with her and she’s so much better. She’s intelligent and so
07 loving, and can make anyone smile.
08 ____I cannot thank you [Animal Humane Society] enough for all you do. You're the reason
09 Charley was brought into our lives, and I will never be able to express the gratitude I have for
10 that. She’s become me and my family's whole world.
(Available in: https://www.animalhumanesociety.org/news/our-10-most-heartwarming-dog-adoption-stories-
2021-so-far – text adapted especially for this test).
Which of the alternatives below best fills out the blanks in the first paragraph, respectively?
Assinale a alternativa que indica a ideia correta sobre o nome do imposto que consistia em um tributo cobrado pela Coroa Portuguesa por cabeça de escravos, produtivos ou não, maiores de 12 anos, sendo do sexo masculino ou feminino.
Instruction: answer questions 48 and 49 based on the text below.
Laura’s testimony about adopting Charley
01 ____We adopted Charley in January of 2019. She was from Texas and had been in a shelter for
02 months before we found her. She ____ my first adult rescue and the most incredible dog I ____
03 ever met. She adores people, loves the snow, and ____ give you the biggest smiles you ____
04 ever seen. She loves ____ next to you and bring you her toys. When we adopted Charley, we
05 didn't know she has some dog reactivity. It was a challenge because we had another dog at the
06 time. We’ve been working on this with her and she’s so much better. She’s intelligent and so
07 loving, and can make anyone smile.
08 ____I cannot thank you [Animal Humane Society] enough for all you do. You're the reason
09 Charley was brought into our lives, and I will never be able to express the gratitude I have for
10 that. She’s become me and my family's whole world.
(Available in: https://www.animalhumanesociety.org/news/our-10-most-heartwarming-dog-adoption-stories-
2021-so-far – text adapted especially for this test).
In the sentence “She was from Texas and had been in a shelter for months before we found her.” (l. 01-02), the verb tenses in the bold structures suggest that:
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
“Taller and lankier” (l. 16) are both comparative adjectives. Which words below follow the same spelling rules, respectively?
Analise as assertivas a seguir a respeito das distinções entre os escravos no Brasil do período escravocrata e assinale V, se verdadeiras, ou F, se falsas.
( ) O escravo recém-chegado da África, com pouco conhecimento da língua e da cultura, era chamado de “boçal”.
( ) Aquele escravo com uma certa adaptação e que possuía pouco conhecimento da língua portuguesa era classificado como “ladino”.
( ) Existiam, também, o “mulato” e o “crioulo”, ambos eram os preferidos para as tarefas domésticas, artesanais e de supervisão.
( ) O escravo “boçal” tinha esse nome por ser considerado filho de “ladino” nascido no Brasil, o qual, por ser brasileiro, possuía um certo privilégio nas tarefas domésticas, livrando-o de executar o trabalho pesado.
A ordem correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é:
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
Why is there a hyphen in “large-animal migrations” (l. 10)?
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
Consider the standard English pronunciation of the “th” in though (l. 02). In which word below the “th” has a different pronunciation?
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
The use of “does” in “Alaska does have some reindeer […]” (l. 04) is:
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
Analyse the statements below about “its” (l. 19):
I. It is a possessive pronoun and it represents “the calf’s”.
II. It could be spelled as “it’s” with no significant changes in meaning.
III. It is used instead of “his/her” because animals are usually considered neutral nouns, especially when it is not specified if it is a male or female one.
Which ones are correct?
Sobre as instituições administrativas no período colonial brasileiro, analise as seguintes assertivas:
I. Não havia especificidade clara na execução das tarefas dos órgãos administrativos, como na atualidade, e, as atividades executivas e judiciarias, por exemplo, não estavam delimitadas a um órgão específico.
II. As questões e os conflitos que surgiam poderiam ser julgados pelas autoridades administrativas, ou seja, as ações de julgar e administrar poderiam ser executados pelas mesmas pessoas.
III. Entre a cúpula administrativa, destacavam-se os governadores das capitanias e, acima deles, ficava o Governador Geral. Portanto, os demais órgãos administrativos eram agrupados em três setores: o militar, o da justiça e o da fazenda.
IV. As milícias eram tropas oficiais recrutadas entres os habitantes da Colônia para serviço não obrigatório, sendo os filhos das famílias mais ricas os melhor remunerados.
Quais estão corretas?
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
The highlighted pronouns ‘their’ (l. 12), ‘This’ (l. 13), ‘which’ (l. 15), and ‘which’ (l. 24) refer to, respectively:
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
In the sentence “that’s also likely why […]” (l. 08), we could replace the word “likely” with no significant changes in meaning, by the word:
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
According to the text, analyse the statements below and mark T, if true, or F, if false.
( ) Indigenous people domesticated reindeer to eat their meat.
( ) There are wild caribou and reindeer.
( ) In the winter, caribou cows travel back south before the males.
( ) Caribou males travel with the newborns.
( ) All females in the deer family have antlers.
The correct order of filling the parentheses, from top to bottom, is:
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
According to the text, which statement about “reindeer” is INCORRECT?
Instruction: Answer to questions 38 to 47 based on the text below. The Highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Caribou
01 ____Large hoofed animals belonging to the deer family, caribou and reindeer are actually the
02 same species — Rangifer tarandus. There are differences between caribou and reindeer though.
03 Caribou are native to North America, whereas reindeer are native to northern Europe and Asia.
04 Alaska does have some reindeer, however, imported from Siberia in the late 19th and early 20th
05 centuries.
06 ____Some people use the term "reindeer" to refer to domesticated work animals, such as those
07 pulling Santa's sleigh, but there are both wild and domestic herds of reindeer. Caribou, on the
08 other hand, are wild-living and long-migrating. Indigenous groups herd reindeer and use them for
09 their meat. That's also likely why reindeer evolved to be stockier than caribou.
10 ____Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. As summer approaches,
11 they head north along well-trod annual routes. Some herds may travel more than 600 miles to
12 get to their summer grazing grounds. They'll spend the summer months feeding on the abundant
13 grasses and plants of the tundra. This is also when they give birth. When the first snows fall each
14 year, the caribou turn back south. Herds of female caribou, called cows, leave several weeks
15 before the males, which follow with yearling calves from the previous birthing season.
16 ____They are taller and lankier than reindeer, likely because they evolved to make these long
17 migrations. They are the only deer in which males and females both have antlers—though only
18 some females have them. Cows have one calf each year, which can stand after only a few minutes
19 and move on with its mother by the next day.
20 ____Caribou are classified as vulnerable to extinction, one step above endangered. Because
21 they're migratory, changes in the landscape, such as the appearance of new fences or other
22 human development on their migration routes, can be especially disruptive. Climate change is
23 also a threat. As the Arctic warms, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites,
24 which could quickly spread through a herd.
(Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caribou – text adapted especially
for this test).
Which topic below is NOT mentioned in the article?
O Pantanal é um complexo que agrupa várias formações e também abriga uma fauna muito rica. São características desse bioma:
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