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TEXTO III
NADA VALE A PENA - A ESCRITA E O IMPOSSÍVEL
Apenas
Utilizada pelas principais culturas antigas para desenhar e escrever, a pena se transmuta no universo do discurso. Parte destacada de um organismo vivo, ela se torna um instrumento que não interessa a não ser pelas marcas que imprime sobre uma superfície, que aguarda esse ato.
A pena também se transmuta em dor, pois pode assumir o significado de castigo e sofrimento. Forma de pagamento imposto devido à violação de uma lei, ela se torna uma saída através do martírio de um para se haver com o Outro. Dá pena, mas também vale a pena, pois ganha valor no pagamento de uma dívida.
Por derivação, encontramos outra acepção corrente do significante "pena", na língua portuguesa. Trata-se de um sentido figurado, que remete a um modo pessoal, singular de realizar ou executar algo, por exemplo: o estilo de escrita de um dado autor, sua unicidade. Trata-se de algo que se repete, sempre o mesmo.
É surpreendente descobrir que estilo é também antônimo de confusão ou seja, da ação de juntar, reunir, misturar (Houaiss, 2001). Nesse caso, na separação, estamos diante de outra saída para a dívida, embora não sem dor, como testemunham escritores fingi(dores) das dores que de fato sentem.
Da pena, chegamos à escrita, cuja etimologia remete ao latim scribère, que significa marcar com estilo, cujo diminutivo é estilete (id. ibid.). Trata-se de um ferro pontudo utilizado para escrever nas tábuas enceradas e nos blocos de argila nos primórdios da escrita, ou seja, um antecessor da pena.
O retorno do estilo, na pena e na escrita, é algo a ser notado. Marca pessoal de alguém ou marca escrita sobre uma superfície, o estilo é tanto aquilo que escreve, quanto está sempre no escrito. Nesse sentido, algo se repete no escrito e, ao mesmo tempo, separa, singulariza, desconfunde.
Há penas...
(CARREIRA, Alessandra Fernandes. Nada Vale a Pena - a Escrita e o Impossível. In. Leda Verdiani Tfouni (org.) Campinas, SP: Mercado de Letras,
2010, p. 17-18).
TEXTO I
A RELAÇÃO PROFESSOR-ALUNO EM SALA DE AULA
(...)
Postura do professor em sala de aula
Todo pessoa que idealiza seguir a carreira da docência deve ter consciência de que somente após a formação, que lhe propiciou um embasamento teórico, e iniciado o exercício da prática propriamente dita, é que ela perceberá qual é de fato a postura em sala de aula.
Para Queluz (1999, p. 15), o professor precisa estar preocupado com o aluno mais do que com o conhecimento a ser transmitido, com suas reações frente a esse conhecimento, com os seus propósitos em termos de ensino e aprendizagem e estar consciente de suas responsabilidades nesse processo.
O professor também deve estar ciente de que, para uma prática inovadora e que dê resultados na aprendizagem de seus alunos, é necessária uma constante reflexão sobre o que e como ensinar, refletindo e percebendo quais os pontos que precisam ser modificados para uma prática de sucesso.
De acordo com Freire (2009, p. 65-66), os alunos emitem juízos de seus professores e os usam como exemplo, sendo assim, o professor deve ter ciência de que deixa sempre uma marca em seus educandos, seja como autoritário, licencioso, competente ou irresponsável, daí a importância de sua postura em sala e na comunidade. Além de ter a tarefa de passar para os alunos as informações que lhes são pertinentes, cumprindo o planejamento e conteúdos, o professor ainda vai se deparar com as exigências de uma conduta ética moral, “a prática docente especificamente humana, é profundamente formadora, por isso, ética. Se não se pode esperar de seus agentes que sejam santos ou anjos, pode-se e deve-se exigir seriedade e retidão” (FREIRE, 2009, p. 65). (Este texto sofreu algumas adaptações do seu original, para os fins destinados).
(Lígia Teresinha Bontorin Dipp da Silva, Aline Regina Garbin e Nicileia Batista - X Congresso Nacional de Educação EDUCERE -
novembro, 2011 - educere.bruc.com.br - acesso em 8.6.2015)
A escola tem a função de formação das novas gerações em termos de acesso à cultura, da formação do cidadão e de constituição do sujeito social. No entanto, há divergentes formas de analisar o papel da Instituição escola na sociedade.
Marque a alternativa em que correspondem pensador e seu pensamento acerca da função da escola.
Saint Patrick's Day, also known as The Feast of Saint Patrick, is a traditional holiday celebrated every year on March 17th, the day the patron saint of Ireland, Saint Patrick, died.
Patrick, who was born in the fourth century, lived in the British Isles, a land that had been invaded and conquered first by the Romans and then by Germanic tribes. At the age of 16, Patrick was captured and taken as a slave from the British Isles to what is now Ireland. He lived there for several years herding sheep. He was a religious boy, and he prayed that he would someday return to his homeland.
Legend has it that one night while he was praying, a voice told him to escape from the farm, and find a ship that was waiting for him in a harbor two hundred miles aways. Patrick got to the ship, sailed to Europe, and disembarked in what is now probably France. He ---1--- several of the ship's crew through a dangerous forest, praying all the time. Neither Patrick nor any member of his crew was captured. When some of the men were about to die of starvation, wild animals appeared to them to eat. Events such as these appeared to be miracles and gave rise to later legends surrounding Patrick.
Finally finding his way home, Patrick felt that he was called by God to perform an important mission. He believed it was his duty to go back to Ireland and convert the Celtic people to the Christian Religion.
Patrick arrived in England and became a missionary, traveling from village to village and talking about his faith. Once, several members of a tribe approached Patrick and told him that they found it difficult to understand and believe in the Holy Trinity. Patrick thought a moment, then stooped down and picked one of the plentiful shamrocks growing wild around Ireland. “Here are three leaves", he said, “yet it is one plant. Imagine the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit as each of these leaves. Here they are, yet they are one plant." The tribesmen understood, because Patrick had used a familiar object to explain. From that time on, the shamrock has been a revered symbol of Ireland.
There are lots of stories about Patrick. One of them is about him forcing snakes out of the entire country of Ireland. Even though there are many different stories about how he accomplished such a task, it is probably not true. Patrick died on March 17th, and the Irish people set aside the day to mourn. He became the patron saint of Ireland. Mourning turned to commemorating him and celebrating his life.
Because of Saint Patrick, lots of cities around the world with a large population of Irish have parades. Green is one of the national colors of Ireland. Green stripes are painted on the streets where the parade will travel. People wear green shirts, ties, hair ribbons, and hats. There are even pubs which serve green beer on that day.
Saint Patrick's Day was made an official Christian holiday in the early seventeenth century. It is now observed by the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Eastern Orthodox Church and Lutheran Church. The day commemorates Saint Patrick and the arrival of Christianity in Ireland. Not only that, but it also celebrates the heritage and culture of the Irish in general.
Source: adapted from http://www.inglesnapontadalingua.com.br/2014/03
Saint Patrick's Day, also known as The Feast of Saint Patrick, is a traditional holiday celebrated every year on March 17th, the day the patron saint of Ireland, Saint Patrick, died.
Patrick, who was born in the fourth century, lived in the British Isles, a land that had been invaded and conquered first by the Romans and then by Germanic tribes. At the age of 16, Patrick was captured and taken as a slave from the British Isles to what is now Ireland. He lived there for several years herding sheep. He was a religious boy, and he prayed that he would someday return to his homeland.
Legend has it that one night while he was praying, a voice told him to escape from the farm, and find a ship that was waiting for him in a harbor two hundred miles aways. Patrick got to the ship, sailed to Europe, and disembarked in what is now probably France. He ---1--- several of the ship's crew through a dangerous forest, praying all the time. Neither Patrick nor any member of his crew was captured. When some of the men were about to die of starvation, wild animals appeared to them to eat. Events such as these appeared to be miracles and gave rise to later legends surrounding Patrick.
Finally finding his way home, Patrick felt that he was called by God to perform an important mission. He believed it was his duty to go back to Ireland and convert the Celtic people to the Christian Religion.
Patrick arrived in England and became a missionary, traveling from village to village and talking about his faith. Once, several members of a tribe approached Patrick and told him that they found it difficult to understand and believe in the Holy Trinity. Patrick thought a moment, then stooped down and picked one of the plentiful shamrocks growing wild around Ireland. “Here are three leaves", he said, “yet it is one plant. Imagine the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit as each of these leaves. Here they are, yet they are one plant." The tribesmen understood, because Patrick had used a familiar object to explain. From that time on, the shamrock has been a revered symbol of Ireland.
There are lots of stories about Patrick. One of them is about him forcing snakes out of the entire country of Ireland. Even though there are many different stories about how he accomplished such a task, it is probably not true. Patrick died on March 17th, and the Irish people set aside the day to mourn. He became the patron saint of Ireland. Mourning turned to commemorating him and celebrating his life.
Because of Saint Patrick, lots of cities around the world with a large population of Irish have parades. Green is one of the national colors of Ireland. Green stripes are painted on the streets where the parade will travel. People wear green shirts, ties, hair ribbons, and hats. There are even pubs which serve green beer on that day.
Saint Patrick's Day was made an official Christian holiday in the early seventeenth century. It is now observed by the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Eastern Orthodox Church and Lutheran Church. The day commemorates Saint Patrick and the arrival of Christianity in Ireland. Not only that, but it also celebrates the heritage and culture of the Irish in general.
Source: adapted from http://www.inglesnapontadalingua.com.br/2014/03
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